Children under one year of age often spit up. This is a normal process that gets rid of excess air trapped in the intestines during feeding. It happens that a child, after eating, regurgitates formula or breast milk in a fountain, which does not even have time to curdle in the stomach. How to understand that this is not vomiting in a baby? What are the differences and what measures should be taken? Can vomiting be stopped at home, and why is it dangerous?
Differences between vomiting and regurgitation
Vomiting in young children begins suddenly. She does not cause any urge. Sometimes a child can vomit in the middle of the night for no apparent reason and temperature, and by the morning he will be completely healthy. In the first year of life, babies spit up after feeding, and parents can easily mistake spitting up for vomiting.
What is the difference between these states:
- Regurgitation- involuntary release of food eaten from the stomach through the esophagus, pharynx and mouth. It occurs after feeding, after 10-40 minutes. The baby can spit up milk through the nose. The main reason for spitting up in newborns is overfeeding, improper attachment to the breast (), inappropriate mixture, tight swaddling. Less commonly, regurgitation by a fountain indicates the presence of diseases of the nervous or digestive system.
When we are not talking about pathologies, the child after spitting up feels good, smiles, he is calm and does not cry. At the same time, its weight increases, stool and urination remain normal. - Vomit- reflex ejection of the contents of the stomach outward. This causes the diaphragm and abdominal muscles to contract. The gag reflex is coordinated by the brain, and it gives other signals - pallor, salivation, heart palpitations, cold extremities. The volume of fluid ejected from the stomach exceeds the volume of food eaten, since gastric juice is added to it.
DistinguishYou can have an attack of vomiting in a baby from ordinary regurgitation by some signs:
- repetition;
- large volumes of fluid expelled from the stomach to the outside;
- bile or mucus is noticed in emetic products, and curdled milk in regurgitation;
- the temperature rises;
- the child is worried, naughty, nervous;
- diarrhea begins.
The main causes of vomiting in an infant
Common causes of vomiting in infants are:
- overfeeding and diet of a nursing mother;
- a sharp transition to a new mixture;
- lure;
- food poisoning;
- intestinal infections;
- heat;
- concussion;
- infectious diseases;
- appendicitis;
- swallowing a foreign object;
- neurological disorders;
- intestinal obstruction.
Overfeeding and the diet of a nursing mother
The health of the newborn directly depends on the organization of nutrition for a nursing mother. Milk quality and quantity can be adjusted with proper nutrition. If salty, spicy, smoked dishes appear on mother's table, then this will affect the milk and the stomach of the infant. Vomiting after feeding, an allergic reaction, anxiety and diarrhea can be a consequence of such a diet.
Abrupt transition to a new mixture
You can provoke vomiting in a baby by changing the mixture. If the mixture used by the baby does not suit his body, he often spits up with a fountain, suffers from diarrhea or constipation, does not gain weight well, the doctor advises changing it to another. This is done gradually, since the child is accustomed to the old mixture and a sudden transition to a new one can cause vomiting.
Lure
The newborn may react to new food with allergies and vomiting. If the vomiting was one-time - no need to be afraid.
To correctly enter complementary foods in the child's menu, you need:
- Follow your doctor's recommendations for introducing complementary foods.
- To start introducing new products from one component - grated apple, carrot juice, mashed potatoes. This makes it easier to monitor the body's reaction to the introduced products and to identify the unsuitable food in time.
- When buying baby food, be sure to read the instructions. Pay special attention to the composition, shelf life and manufacturer.
- Prepare only fresh food for the baby and give the purchased puree, porridge or juice from a freshly opened jar.
- Do not overfeed the baby, even if he is ready to eat a lot of food.
Food poisoning
Beware of high fluid loss in a newborn baby
Food poisoning is a serious cause of vomiting, accompanied by diarrhea and high fever. If poor-quality food has entered the baby's stomach, the body will try with all its might to get rid of it in order to reduce the amount of toxins absorbed into the bloodstream. You can recognize that the baby has been poisoned by vomiting with a fountain, which will be repeated regularly. In this case, the child's condition will deteriorate sharply. He will become weak, lethargic, capricious.
The task of the parents is to prevent the body of the newborn from losing a lot of fluid. Every 5 minutes the child should be given boiled water. You need to offer clean water a teaspoon at a time and try not to re-solder, otherwise the irritated stomach walls will not be able to hold a large amount of fluid, and the baby will vomit again. After the vomiting stops, the baby pees, the dose is increased to a tablespoon.
Important! Do not resort to self-medication, but urgently call a doctor, even if vomiting and diarrhea have stopped.
Intestinal infections
Causes the same symptoms as food poisoning - diarrhea, fountain vomiting, fever. Coping with an intestinal infection at home is extremely difficult. The child loses a lot of fluid, vomits bile every half hour, the infection spreads throughout the body, poisoning other organs. If you do not call an ambulance in a timely manner, convulsions may begin from the high temperature. Inpatient treatment will make it possible to intravenously replenish fluid loss, cleanse the body of poisons, destroy pathogenic bacteria, and stabilize the intestinal microflora.
Important! Intestinal poisoning is fatal to a child's life and requires hospital treatment.
Heat
The gag reflex is provoked by a high temperature. It appears against the background of intestinal and infectious poisoning, with overheating, teething. When a baby has a fever (the temperature rises above 38.5 degrees) caused by infectious diseases, viruses or colds, you cannot hesitate. The child is often given warm drinks and antipyretic drugs.
Concussion
Babies are very mobile at 4-5 months. But newborn babies also manage to turn around, and unexpectedly for the mother, fall from the changing table, crib or sofa. First of all, you can't get lost and reproach yourself for an oversight.
The baby should be watched if:
- he lost consciousness;
- cries for a long time for no reason;
- his coordination of movements was impaired;
- he vomited.
these are signs of a concussion. Parents need to call an ambulance. The doctor will send an ECHO and X-ray in order to rule out suspicions of head damage. Even a week after a fall, dangerous symptoms may appear. Identifying and treating neglected disease will be much more difficult. Therefore, if the baby has fallen, it is better to consult a doctor and undergo a diagnosis.
Infectious diseases
Vomiting can signal various infectious diseases - hernia, meningitis, hepatitis, pneumonia, encephalitis, gastroenteritis, etc. If there are other symptoms that indicate the presence of a disease, an urgent need to consult a doctor. Timely treatment can save the life of a newborn and save him from serious consequences.
Appendicitis
In addition to vomiting with appendicitis, babies have nausea, bloating, diarrhea, fever, lethargy, weakness. Experiencing severe bouts of pain, the child draws his legs and screams shrilly. Feeling the abdomen causes a painful reaction. Parents are obliged to call an ambulance without delay.
Swallowing a foreign object
If a baby has swallowed a large object, it can get stuck in the esophagus. By causing vomiting, the muscles will begin to contract intensively, and blood may be found in the vomit. If the baby manages to push the object out, do not worry. But when shortness of breath occurs, salivation increases - an urgent need to call an ambulance.
Neurological disorders
Found mainly in premature babies and underweight babies. The cause of diseases is fetal hypoxia, birth trauma, asphyxia. Constant vomiting in infants is provoked by hyperactivity, chin tremor, convulsions, squint. After diagnosis, such children need supervision by a neurologist and inpatient treatment.
Intestinal obstruction
A dangerous disorder that occurs in the first postpartum days. In a newborn, bloating is observed, bile and original feces (meconium) are detected in the vomit. Such a child requires serious treatment, in which feeding is carried out intravenously.
What to do if the baby vomits
How to help a baby with vomiting, when the contents of the stomach come out of the mouth like a fountain:
- after profuse regurgitation or vomiting, it is imperative to call a doctor;
- the mother needs to calm down the child, not to panic and stay calm. The kid will feel it and calm down by himself;
- you need to wash the child's face, remove the vomit and ventilate the room. The smell causes another urge to vomit;
- after vomiting, it is advisable to keep the child in an upright position, not to move it, and not to jerk it;
- you can not immediately water the baby. A large volume of fluid will provoke new vomiting;
- feeding is stopped and pure boiled water is given in small sips. Newborns can be dripped with a dropper, bottle, or teaspoonful of water every five minutes. The child's stomach will be able to hold such an amount of liquid and will not be threatened with dehydration.
Vomiting is a formidable symptom, and does not occur without a reason. You can not independently prescribe drugs to a child. It is better to wait for the doctor and follow his recommendations.
Important! Before the arrival of the doctor, you can not put an enema, clear the stomach, give the child antiemetics and pain relievers. They can make the diagnosis difficult. It is not always possible for even experienced doctors to immediately establish the cause of vomiting. Therefore, they offer inpatient treatment, where the baby will be monitored until other symptoms appear.
If vomiting occurred once, there is no bile, blood and mucus in it, the baby was not overfed or given spoiled food, he does not have diarrhea, parents need to carefully monitor his health. You do not need to call an ambulance, but in this case, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.
When lactose intolerance occurs, symptoms in infants depend on the amount of lactase produced. Symptoms usually begin 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming dairy products. With lactose intolerance, you do not need to panic and diagnose your child, the main thing is to see a doctor in time.
- 1What is lactose?
- 2Causes of the onset of the disease
- 3Symptoms of pathology in infants
- 4How to identify the disease?
- 5Treatment activities
1What is lactose?
Lactose is a natural sugar found only in dairy products. Breast milk is a unique substance that contains easily digestible proteins, fats, vitamins, essential acids, immunoglobulins and many other components that babies need for proper development and good health. Mother's milk is irreplaceable in terms of naturalness. It is ideal for baby food, which is why mothers are advised to breastfeed as long as possible, because no manufacturer of baby powder formula can make a complete analogue of mother's milk. However, it sometimes happens that milk causes problems in babies.
Lactose, which is one of the components of breast milk, consists of:
- glucose (a colorless crystalline substance that has a sweet taste and is a source of energy in infants);
- galactose (a substance that forms the nervous system).
Lactose entering the gastrointestinal tract is absorbed by lactase, an enzyme produced by enterocytes. When this enzyme is produced in small quantities, undigested lactose remains in the intestines, thereby becoming food for microorganisms that can provoke gas, stomach cramps, stool changes, rashes, etc. This is lactose intolerance, or, as it is also called, lactase deficiency.
Milk sugar intolerance is quite widespread and cannot always be regarded as a disease. Most people do not experience discomfort with this phenomenon. However, for newborn babies, such a deficiency is a big problem, because mother's milk is the main food for children under 1 year old. Such an anomaly poses a threat to the baby, because excess lactose, causing malfunctioning of the body, can lead to a delay in physical development. In addition, studies show that drinking breast milk and normal digestion of it increases the absorption of vital minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron) that a baby needs for proper mental development. In adults, however, such intolerance does not cause any particular problems, because they may simply stop drinking milk and get vitamins and minerals from other foods.
2Causes of the onset of the disease
There are several reasons for this anomaly.
There is a physical lactase deficiency. For most children, starting from 3 years old, this phenomenon is considered normal, and most often it is attributed to the growing up of the body. A decrease in the production of an enzyme in the intestine begins as early as 2 years old, and already at 6 years old this level may decrease to such an extent that the child will not be able to digest a large amount of milk. This is a physiological process, and it is considered quite normal and correct.
A huge problem is precisely the early lactose intolerance, which manifests itself in children in the first year of life. One of the possible causes of congenital insufficiency is the complete inability of the intestines to produce lactase. These days, this disease is extremely rare in children. Also, the inability to produce this enzyme for a certain time occurs in premature babies and is associated with the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract.
Acquired lactase deficiency is very common and is a consequence of diseases, infections or inflammatory processes of the intestinal mucosa, which disrupt performance.
Another type that is quite common is excess milk sugar. The child's gastrointestinal tract works normally in such cases, but due to the excess of lactose, symptoms of insufficiency appear, this often happens when the baby consumes milk, which is the first to be released from the breast. Usually it contains a large amount of sugar.
3Symptoms of pathology in infants
Doctors usually refer to the symptoms of lactase deficiency:
- colic;
- bloating;
- regurgitation;
- loose stools with a sour odor and lumps;
- constipation;
- restless state of the child.
However, when you find these symptoms, you should not immediately look for intolerance to the lactase enzyme in this, because such symptoms often occur in absolutely healthy children. And that is why this diagnosis is nowadays made to almost every child. Most of the above symptoms are completely normal and do not pose any threat to the baby.
Colic and bloating occurs in 9 out of 10 children, and this does not mean that only 1 in 10 are healthy. Such signs are normal up to six months of life. Regurgitation is also considered the norm in children under 1 year of age, because can occur due to banal overeating. If the child's regurgitation is not abundant and infrequent, then do not worry, the alarm should be beaten if they are too strong. Liquid stool in children under one year of age is 95% formed due to liquid food.
More likely symptoms include:
- slow and insufficient increase in height and weight;
- frequent watery stools, developmental delay;
- rash;
- anemia;
- constipation.
At the first suspicion of lactase deficiency, you should immediately consult a doctor to determine the diagnosis and potential danger to the child.
4How to identify the disease?
Various tests are performed to diagnose insufficiency. Only after passing them a competent and experienced doctor can confirm or deny suspicions of this diagnosis.
The doctor determines the pH of the stool. A pH of 5.5 or below may be a sign of lactose deficiency. An intestinal biopsy (taking a sample of the lining of the small intestine) is done. This method is the most informative, but it is rarely used.
Diagnosis is carried out using a hydrogen test. The baby is injected with a certain dose of lactose, after which the doctor draws blood several times to build a special schedule. This method is also used quite rarely, since the introduction of lactose can make the baby uncomfortable. And there is no specific level of hydrogen in children under 1 year old.
Thus, it is impossible to accurately identify lactase deficiency in a children's hospital. Usually this anomaly is the result of another disease.
5Treatment activities
First of all, mothers who are breastfeeding need to establish feeding so that the child can eat fatty milk, which contains less sugar.
This requires:
- express the first milk before starting a meal;
- apply to one breast at a time;
- teach your baby to eat milk more actively;
- do not stop breastfeeding until the baby releases it.
In addition, the mother's diet needs to be changed. Whole milk, an allergy to which often leads to lactase deficiency, should be excluded from the menu, and sweets (chocolate, sweets, etc.) should be removed from the diet. Most often, this is enough to exclude this anomaly in a child. However, sometimes you have to start medication, which includes:
- taking additional enzymes that are added to milk before feeding;
- switching to a diet low in lactose.
Most often, the treatment of this disease lasts several months, and then the child's body begins to produce the necessary enzymes itself.
Usually, problems with the intestines in children arise due to improper breastfeeding, therefore, it is worth giving the baby additional lactose or transferring it to lactose-free feeding only if nothing helps and only after consulting and prescribing a doctor.
Diarrhea in a child
Diarrhea or diarrhea is characterized by liquid feces and frequent urge to empty the intestines (2 times a day or more). Diarrhea, like fever, is one of the most common painful conditions in children, for which their parents seek medical help.
Often, this condition baffles parents who do not know what to do if the child has diarrhea that does not stop on its own. First, you need to figure out what are the possible causes of diarrhea in children.
Diarrhea in a child: causes, symptoms, first aid, medication and alternative methods of treatment, prevention
1. A fairly common cause of diarrhea in a child is the reaction of the body to the introduction of new foods into the diet, for example, complementary foods. The fact is that the intestinal microflora, as well as the baby's immune system, are not fully formed. Although at an older age, children often have diarrhea.
2. The use of certain medications, such as erythromycin or those containing iron, is also a cause of stomach upset in children. Diarrhea in these cases occurs if the normal state of microflora is not supported by taking bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
3. The occurrence of diarrhea can be provoked by the presence of an acute gastrointestinal infection, which, in turn, is a consequence of the ingestion of various viruses and bacteria into the child's body. The body begins to fight against pathogenic microflora, as a result of which toxic substances are formed, which cause diarrhea. In other words, diarrhea is the body's response to the presence of toxins in the intestines.
4. In some cases, diarrhea may be one of the symptomatic manifestations of a disease. Such diseases include:
- otitis;
- dysentery;
- sore throat;
- rhinopharyngitis.
5. In some cases, the occurrence of diarrhea is associated with the individual intolerance of the child's body to certain foods. As a rule, this reaction is congenital.
6. Ingestion of staphylococcus in the child's body also leads to a disorder of the digestive system. A child can become infected with staphylococcal infection under the following circumstances:
- if you do not wash your hands before eating food;
- contacts with people who have an acute intestinal infection;
- if not thoroughly enough, or does not wash fruits and vegetables at all before use;
- eats foods that have expired.
7. Rotavirus infection is a common cause of diarrhea in children. This condition can proceed as a disease such as gastroenteritis. It is worth noting that children under the age of 2 years are quite difficult to tolerate such conditions, in most cases turning into chronic gastroenteritis.
Causes of diarrhea in children, depending on the color of the stool
Red or black diarrhea can signal stomach or intestinal bleeding. In this situation, you must immediately call a doctor.
Feces of green color with an admixture of mucus and in combination with an increased body temperature can indicate the course of serious infectious processes in the child's body. If the stool has a strong odor, it is possible that the child has dysentery.
Discolored stools (gray, white) may indicate a teething process. If the child does not show signs of dehydration, the baby is not pale or lethargic, and the stool smells sour, most likely, the diarrhea will stop on its own after the teeth erupt through the gum tissue. In this case, parents shouldn't worry.
Multiple yellow diarrhea may indicate the presence of a viral infection. In this case, pain, bloating and seething in the tummy will be noted.
If you notice a change in the color of diarrhea in a child, only a qualified specialist can tell what to do in this case. Therefore, do not self-medicate, which can aggravate the situation and lead to serious complications.
Symptoms that may accompany diarrhea
In addition to liquid multiple stools, a child may have other symptoms:
- nausea, vomiting;
- bloating and pain in it;
- chills, fever;
- increased body temperature;
- convulsions;
- dehydration;
- confusion and loss of consciousness;
- the presence of mucus and blood in the stool;
- discoloration of urine and feces;
- a red rash in the anus;
- increased irritability or apathetic behavior;
- loss of appetite;
- aches throughout the body, general weakness;
- increased urination;
- dry skin.
When should a doctor be called urgently?
It will not be possible to do without emergency medical care if a child has diarrhea if:
- diarrhea lasts 3 days or more;
- body temperature reaches 38 C or more;
- on the face of symptoms of dehydration;
- paroxysmal acute abdominal pain occurs;
- there is repeated profuse vomiting;
- the stool contains mucus and blood.
First aid for a child with diarrhea
Don't panic if your child has diarrhea. What to do and how to properly provide first aid in such a situation? First, give your child a glucose-saline solution to drink. For example, it can be Regidron, Glucosan, Citrolucosan or Oralit. These drugs are sold in any pharmacy. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute one sachet of the medicine in 1 liter of water. Make sure your baby drinks the solution in small portions.
A good option for restoring the electrolyte balance of a child would be to use dried fruit compote, rosehip decoction or weakly brewed tea. These drinks may well replace the corresponding drugs.
If the child has severe diarrhea, it is not recommended to feed him before the arrival of the doctor. And if the baby has an appetite, you can feed him a small amount of easily digestible, low-fat food. In no case should you feed your baby in such situations:
- dairy products;
- juices;
- fresh vegetables and fruits;
- rough (solid) food.
If the baby is breastfeeding, you cannot stop feeding him. After all, mother's milk in this case is the only source of nutrients for the baby.
You should not engage in self-diagnosis of the child and give him medications on the advice of relatives, friends and neighbors. After all, the baby's body is unpredictable. The only medicine that can be given to a child before the doctors arrive is Enterosgel. This adsorbent will ease the general condition, reduce the number of urges to empty the intestines, and reduce the degree of pain in the tummy.
What should not be done if a child has diarrhea?
- You should not give your child spicy, salty, smoked and solid foods.
- Also, you can not give your baby to drink milk, especially with added sugar.
- Eliminate the consumption of any juices. They contain sorbitol. This substance is a kind of "sponge" that absorbs all the liquid in the intestine. This provokes the appearance of an even thinner (watery) stool.
- Don't stop breastfeeding your baby. The baby's body perfectly digests mother's milk, which cannot harm his health.
Medical treatments for diarrhea in a child
First of all, the doctor will restore the electrolyte balance of the child's body.
To neutralize the effect on the body of toxic compounds released during the interaction of bacteria and viruses with the intestinal microflora, the doctor prescribes the intake of adsorbents. For example, it can be Smecta or activated carbon.
To restore the physiological intestinal microflora after the therapy, the child needs to take appropriate medications, for example, Bifiform or Linex.
If the cause of the baby's diarrhea is not an infection, the doctor, as a rule, prescribes enzymatic medications for him, for example, digestal or enzistal.
In the case of too frequent urge to empty the intestines, the child is prescribed imodium or lapiramid. When the baby complains of unbearable paroxysmal pain in the tummy, the doctor prescribes the pain reliever No-shpa.
If, according to the diagnosis, the child has helminthic infestations, he is prescribed anthelmintic drugs.
With diarrhea, which has an infectious etiology of origin, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs are prescribed.
When in infants diarrhea is accompanied by lactose deficiency, they need an enzyme called Lactrase.
As for the nutrition of the child during the treatment of diarrhea and for some time after that, experts advise to exclude dairy products, fats and fiber from the diet. It will also be useful to provide fractional nutrition. When doing this, ask your child to chew food thoroughly.
Traditional methods of treating diarrhea in children
It should be said right away that traditional medicine should be auxiliary and complement the therapy prescribed by the doctor. Before using them, be sure to consult with a specialist regarding the possibility and feasibility of using such methods of treating diarrhea.
In the arsenal of alternative medicine there is a huge number of effective recipes that help to quickly and painlessly eliminate diarrhea in a child. It is worth giving examples of the most popular recipes. So.
Recipe number 1
A small amount of dried pomegranate partitions should be poured with boiling water and infused for an hour. After that, the broth is filtered and given to the child throughout the day (1 tsp each).
Recipe number 2
A glass of rice groats should be poured with 5 glasses of water and simmer until the rice is cooked. Then you should cool and strain the broth. Take every 3 hours, 50 ml.
Recipe number 3
A decoction of sage, caraway seeds and sulfur alder helps well with diarrhea. These ingredients are mixed in equal proportions and boiled for about an hour. Take 50 ml three times a day.
Recipe number 4
Make a decoction of the following herbs:
- peppermint;
- chamomile;
- snake highlander.
For maximum effect, you can add blueberry juice to the broth. It is recommended to consume the broth three times a day for 2 tablespoons, while it should be warm.
Prevention of diarrhea in children
As you know, the best treatment for any ailment is to comply with preventive measures. To avoid diarrhea, you must adhere to the following recommendations:
- wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before giving them to your child;
- from an early age, instill in your baby such a habit as regular personal hygiene. This applies not only to washing hands before eating, but also to caring for the whole body;
- during cooking, subject food to a thorough heat treatment. This is especially true for milk, meat, fish, seafood and eggs;
- do not feed your child with food that has been stored without observing the proper temperature regime, as well as in dishes, the hygienic cleanliness of which is in doubt. Also, do not give your baby products that have expired;
- if the time for the transfer of the child from breastfeeding to normal nutrition falls in the summer period, it is necessary to refrain from this until the onset of autumn.
Parents, watch the health of your children! First of all, pay attention to the child's well-being, behavior and weight. If your baby has diarrhea too often and continues for a long period of time, be sure to visit a doctor. Your child may need a GI examination.
How to notice the first signs of gastritis in a child?
Gastroenterologists note that gastritis is getting younger every year. If not so long ago, experts associated attacks of acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa in children with periods of intensive growth of internal organs, which occur at 6 and 12 years. Today, more and more often at the reception you can see mothers with babies under 2 years old, or even babies up to one year old. Moreover, the most regrettable thing is that they bring the child to the doctor mainly with chronic gastritis.
Symptoms of gastritis in a child differ from an adult in the severity of manifestations and the severity of the lesion. The peculiarity of the disease in children lies in the unformed system of the digestive system, as well as insufficient colonization of the intestines with beneficial bacteria. This makes the child's stomach defenseless against external and internal hostile factors.
In the very first days of the development of gastritis in babies, there is a violation of the formation of secretions and the function of acid production. Without adequate treatment, atrophy of the main cells and inhibition of enzymatic formation begins very quickly. As a result, the aggressive environment of gastric juice exposes the mucous membrane to inadequately large loads, the defenses of which are reduced in children and adolescents or have not gained the necessary strength.
In the acute form, the symptoms are pronounced, the child's condition is difficult to confuse with some other pathology. But the insidiousness lies in the fact that the attack quickly stops on its own, and the parents get a false impression of recovery. As a result, the visit to the doctor is postponed, and the disease gets the opportunity to develop unhindered and transform into a chronic form.
Chronic gastritis develops slowly, it is accompanied by subtle symptoms that few people pay attention to. As a result, the pathology penetrates into the deep layers of tissues, and causes significant harm to health.
Remember! The acute form of childhood gastritis, detected and treated in a timely manner, allows you to forget about it forever. Chronic gastritis in children becomes a companion for life, causing irreparable harm to health and interfering with normal development.
It is important for parents to know exactly what symptoms can tell about the onset of gastritis in a child in order to provide adequate assistance in a timely manner. But before listing the possible symptoms and manifestations, attention should be paid to the aspects due to which inflammation occurs on the mucous membrane of the children's stomach.
The susceptibility of the child's body to negative influences is much higher than that of adults. Against the background of an immature immune system, gastritis can occur both as a primary process, that is, an independent disease, and as a secondary pathology that develops against the background of other diseases.
An acute attack of gastritis, when symptoms are similar to food poisoning, may occur due to:
A secondary type of pathology often accompanies such diseases as:
- rubella;
- measles;
- flu.
The causative agents of these and other infections, without encountering serious obstacles from the immune system, easily penetrate with the bloodstream into the tissues of the stomach, causing inflammation in them.
Symptoms of gastritis are more common in babies who are not receiving breast milk. The culprits can be:
- frequent change of mixtures;
- untimely introduction of complementary foods;
- feeding the child from a common table.
Infection with Helicobacter Pylori occurs many times more often than in an adult. Moreover, bacteria can be both their own and penetrated from the outside.
Often unaware of it, the parents themselves infect the child when a patient with gastritis:
- uses one dish;
- takes the child to sleep in his bed;
- kisses or hugs.
Attention! If any of the adults in the home suffers from gastritis, they need to adhere to the strictest safety precautions so as not to infect the child.
The greatest number of cases of gastritis in children is observed during the period of schooling, especially in the first and last grades. This is due to a sharp change in the usual way of life and nutrition of schoolchildren, which creates a stressful situation for the body. And the irregularity of food intake together with an addiction to fast-feet against the background of increased school loads among high school students.
A variety of provocative factors gives life to many different forms of gastritis in children, differing in manifestations and having their own characteristic symptoms and signs.
It is rather difficult to isolate each characteristic sign of pathology. Parents need to know the general symptoms by which gastritis can be suspected in a child. As well as the characteristic symptoms of the main types.
Common symptoms include indicators such as:
- Pain in the epigastric region. The child will complain that he has a stomach ache, and at the same time point to the central region of the abdominal cavity, its upper part at the base of the ribs. The nature of the pain syndrome can be very diverse: aching, mild, pressing, stabbing or sharply painful.
- Heaviness and distension in the stomach. This is one of the most common symptoms of gastritis in children. A feeling of fullness and heaviness arises regardless of food intake, in the intervals between bouts of pain.
- Burning behind the breastbone. A similar sensation appears in a child due to the throwing of bile into the esophagus. This symptom should immediately alert parents, as it speaks of serious digestive problems.
- Belching with an unpleasant odor. A focus of inflammation in the stomach provokes belching with air with an unpleasant, fetid odor. Quite often, in children, a little half-digested food comes out during belching. In this case, the mother can pay attention to the coating of the tongue with a whitish bloom.
- Loss of appetite. Constant nausea, which can sometimes result in an attack of vomiting, causes an unconscious fear of food in the child. As a result, the baby begins to refuse food, fearing that he will vomit again.
- Dyspepsia. A digestive disorder can manifest itself as one or more dyspeptic symptoms. Bloating, rumbling and seething, flatulence, diarrhea or constipation are all symptoms of gastritis that are of great concern to children.
- Laboratory indicators. In a blood test for gastritis, the child will have low hemoglobin values and a significant vitamin deficiency. This is due to the violation of most of the processes that affect the absorption of beneficial components by the intestines.
The classification of gastritis in children distinguishes two main forms, these are acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
Acute gastritis in a child in the overwhelming majority of cases has a catarrhal or banal form, a fibrinous form is much less common.
Signs of acute mucosal inflammation will be:
- Inflammation affecting the upper layers of the stomach lining.
- The defeat of the entire thickness of the mucous membrane.
- Small changes in the type of erosion.
- Deep destructive surface change.
The doctor will see all this during the examination of the little patient. Mom can objectively pay attention to symptoms such as:
- Attacks of vomiting, which are single or multiple, with a deep destructive change, vomiting becomes permanent.
- Lethargy and increased moodiness of the child.
- Restless behavior and excessive nervousness
The baby himself will complain about:
- stomach ache;
- nausea;
- loss of appetite;
- general weakness.
The child is not exposed to serious danger in acute catarrhal gastritis.
With a timely appeal to a pediatric gastroenterologist and adequate treatment, all dangerous symptoms will disappear without a trace. The main thing for mothers is to pay attention to the child's condition in time, and not to engage in amateur performances.
The situation is much more dangerous if an acute attack is accompanied by gross changes in the morphology of the mucous membrane. In this case, delay in treatment threatens with bleeding, general intoxication or dehydration, which is the most dangerous condition for the baby.
Chronic forms of gastritis in children differ significantly in all respects from the acute form of the disease. Pathology develops slowly and imperceptibly for the child, while the destruction is more serious, since not only the mucous membrane, but also the glandular layer of the stomach are involved in the process. The secretory function, motor skills are impaired. Against this background, the mucous membrane loses its protective qualities.
Chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa in children proceeds along:
- hyperacid;
- atrophic type.
Each species has its own symptoms, which attentive parents will immediately pay attention to.
Symptoms of a hyperacid type
- Sudden pain attacks after eating.
- Pain that occurs after exercise, such as jumping, running, dancing.
- A characteristic symptom of the hyperacid form is the child's complaints of heartburn and a burning sensation behind the breastbone.
- Eructations of air with a sour taste or regurgitation of acidic contents.
The general condition of the child with this form is satisfactory, he does not feel weak, does not feel sluggish, and is almost not capricious.
Symptoms of an atrophic appearance
This is the most dangerous form of gastritis, as it practically has no clinical manifestations. There is no pain syndrome at all, and to suspect an atrophic form of chronic gastritis in a child is symptomatic of dyspepsia, which are expressed in complaints about:
- Heaviness and distension in the upper abdomen.
- Excessive flatulence and constant fermentation in the intestines.
- Anemia and hypovitaminosis according to the results of a blood test.
Treatment of any form of pediatric gastritis should be carried out under the supervision of a physician, and strict adherence to his appointments by the parents.
Parents should remember that any amateur activity can cost the health, if not the life of your child.
The correct action would be to prevent the development of gastritis in children. This needs to be taken care of from the first days of a child's life:
- In no case should the baby be deprived of breast milk.
- Introduce complementary foods only in accordance with age and according to the recommendations of the pediatrician.
- It is wise to alternate between rest and active play.
- Closely monitor the nutrition of the child, not only at home, but also at school.
- Treat all infectious diseases in a timely manner.
- Regularly undergo a preventive examination by a gastroenterologist.
There are times when, after consuming products that contain milk, the body's functioning is disrupted. which manifests itself in the form of diarrhea.
When milk sugar gets in, the body tries to quickly remove it, and one of the ways to self-purify is diarrhea. This problem is usually genetically transmitted.
Treatment of stomach pain should begin with a thorough diagnosis and identification of the exact cause of the pain syndrome. The best option is to consult a gastroenterologist. After all, what seems to you to be a pathology of the stomach may actually turn out to be a completely different disease. And self-medication in such a situation may turn out to be not only useless, but sometimes even dangerous to your health.
Remember - only a qualified doctor can diagnose you correctly and prescribe the appropriate treatment!
Vomiting with fever in a child
A high temperature, both in adults and in children, is one of the first symptoms of the development of a serious inflammatory process in the body. It appears with ARVI, viral infections, tonsillitis and other infectious diseases, as well as with inflammation of internal organs.
In combination with vomiting and intestinal upset, a high temperature may indicate that pathogens of intestinal infection have entered the body. Vomiting attacks and diarrhea are the body's defensive reactions, with the help of which it tries to cleanse itself of toxins that have entered it.
Diarrhea, vomiting and fever in a child are very dangerous symptoms that can lead to dehydration in a child's body in a short time. It should be borne in mind that the younger the child, the faster this complication develops.
When vomiting attacks occur in combination with a high temperature, qualified medical assistance is needed to find out the cause of this baby's condition and eliminate it as soon as possible.
Causes of vomiting and high body temperature
Vomiting and fever can occur in children for the following reasons:
- ingestion of the causative agent of intestinal infection;
- intoxication with food, chemicals, drugs;
- inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase (appendicitis, gastroenteritis, etc.);
- colds and inflammatory diseases.
What can you eat when you feel sick
Many have experienced such an unpleasant sensation as nausea. In this case, doctors recommend using proper nutrition to normalize the condition.
Diet for nausea includes some specific rules that are important for everyone to know.
The main causes of nausea
When a person is nauseous, additional symptoms often appear in the form of indigestion, impaired stool and vomiting, possibly an increase in temperature and pain.
In general, with nausea, there can be various reasons for its appearance:
- Infectious or viral infection of the body.
- Food poisoning or poor quality food.
- Excessive food intake.
- Improper nutrition.
- Long-term use of antibiotics, as well as side effects of certain medications.
- Alcohol.
- Stress and emotional stress.
- Allergy.
- Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Diseases of the internal organs.
Diet plays a major role in relieving nausea from various causes. It is proper nutrition that allows you to quickly recover and remove unpleasant symptoms.
Foods That Trigger Nausea
The most common cause of nausea in people is food poisoning, so it is important to understand what to eat and what most often causes poisoning and unpleasant symptoms.
In some foods, pathogens develop very quickly and problems can appear after eating such foods:
- Any dairy products.
- Meat.
- Seafood or fish.
- Mushrooms.
- Eggs.
- Unwashed herbal products.
- Sweets, especially those with cream.
- Any food that has passed the expiration date.
- Preservation, especially homemade.
- Mayonnaise.
For nausea, the diet can be different for children and adults, and below are the basic principles for different ages.
General diet rules
When a person is sick, vomiting or diarrhea appears, many useful and nutritious substances leave the body, and fluid is also lost.
In this regard, it is necessary to take measures to restore balance.
The diet consists in drinking a lot of water, it is also recommended to use weak tea or juice diluted with water.
Drinking should be frequent and small, about 50 ml every 15 minutes.
This allows you to get rid of nausea, vomiting and will not irritate the gastrointestinal tract. The very temperature of the drinks should be at room temperature.
Doctors believe that a diet in this state should start with eating foods that are high in carbohydrates. For this it is useful to eat jelly, which contains gelatin.
After nausea and vomiting, you can eat toast, crackers without using oil.
It is also important to replenish protein reserves, for this, bird breasts are used, you can eat chicken, turkey. The meat is only steamed or boiled in water.
The diet includes the use of poultry soups, to which some rice or rice noodles are added. During the preparation of the soup, you will need to remove the fat that appears on the surface.
It is forbidden to eat harmful products:
- Bold.
- Roast.
- Smoked.
- Salted and pickled.
You need to eat fractionally, in other words, use small portions, and you can eat 5-6 times a day.
All meals and foods should be warm, as hot food will burn, and cold food will increase nausea.
Diet for a child
If a child develops nausea and vomiting, then during the first hours it is necessary to limit his food in order to reduce the irritability of the stomach.
A drinking diet is used. In addition, there is no need to force feed the children. You can eat only 5 hours after vomiting.
Nutrition for babies should be appropriate. If the baby feeds on breast milk, then it should be given, since the benefits of breast milk are difficult to replace with other formulas.
It is necessary to abandon the use of complementary foods. In addition, the mother also needs to use the right menu, which includes healthy foods.
A nursing mother should be discouraged from fatty and spicy foods, it is forbidden to eat raw vegetables and fruits, nuts of any kind.
If the child is bottle-fed, then in case of nausea, it is necessary to replace the usual diet with lactase-free mixtures.
Older children can be given rice or buckwheat porridge. They must be cooked in water, diluted in milk in equal proportions.
Also, a diet for a child may include the following foods:
- Low-fat cottage cheese, which can be included in the diet, starting from the second day of the diet. A single serving should not exceed 20 grams.
- You can make homemade puree from a variety of vegetables.
- It is helpful to give fat-free soups made with dietary meats or vegetables. All dishes are best cooked in a semi-liquid consistency.
- You can use boiled meat.
It is better to cook any dish for a child in the oven or steamed; you can also use cooking.
For a quick normalization of the digestive system, it is recommended to replace bread with breadcrumbs or just use slightly dried pieces of bread.
Raw fruits and vegetables, sour types of juice, as well as fresh juices must be removed from the child's menu. It is forbidden to give various kinds of sweets, pastries, spicy dishes and fried.
Diet for adults
For adults, the diet is about the same as for children. At first, you will need to starve and use a drinking diet. The first meal can be taken 7 hours after nausea and vomiting.
Food should be light, it should be used for several days. With nausea, unhealthy foods, fresh plant foods, dairy products, and sour foods are excluded.
- Light fat-free soup with a small amount of vegetables. It is useful to add potatoes, cauliflower, onions.
- Crumbs are used instead of bread.
- Boiled dietary meat and fish are used.
- Porridge can be eaten, but they must be cooked in water, without salt.
As soon as the improvement begins, you can add baked apples or vegetables to the menu. After that, fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as dairy products, are gradually added.
After 1-2 weeks, the diet can be finished, but fried, spicy and other dishes should be introduced gradually and carefully.
If nausea is complemented by diarrhea, then the diet will be as follows:
- On the first day, it is allowed to eat a fairly thin mashed potatoes, without adding eggs, milk or butter, and drink a light chicken broth. Rice porridge, as well as weak tea, will help well. If there is no appetite, then you can drink water and teas in a slightly warmed state.
- On the second day, it is recommended to use grated dishes, jelly. Rice porridge is not removed, you can also drink chicken broth and add boiled meat to the menu.
The further diet depends on the condition of the person, but for a couple of days after improvement, it is better not to switch to a regular diet and adhere to a sparing diet.
Folk remedies
For nausea, many can use medication, but this is not necessary, since treatment can be carried out with folk remedies and dietary adjustments.
Will milk help you with a hangover?
Eating more than 300 ml of milk that is natural can cause diarrhea or bloating. This is because the body is unable to digest lactose. which is in milk.
Can I drink milk after drinking and does it help against intoxication? You can drink milk with a hangover, but you also need to monitor the amount.
Diagnostics
If this enzyme is deficient, diarrhea or bloating will occur over time.
Power features
There are many misconceptions that lead to an aggravation of the health condition due to the intake of products that are dangerous for people who have impaired processing of dairy products.
A fairly common thought is that less lactose is present in skim milk - this is not the case.
Therefore, taking low-fat foods is not able to protect a person from diarrhea or other symptoms of the disease.
Yogurt. on the contrary, a safer product and many tolerate its consumption normally, although it contains lactose.
Chocolate milk will be appreciated by people who suffer from lactose digestion problems. In addition to its pleasant taste, such a product contains calcium, which the body needs. Cocoa, which is included in the composition, stimulates the activity of lactose. As a result, the product is well tolerated.
Cottage cheese and cottage cheese are dangerous for people with lactose intolerance, so their consumption must be stopped to restore health.
If you have symptoms that indicate an intolerance to milk and products that contain it, you need to seek help from a doctor.
Vomiting in an infant - causes and what to do
I want to start with the fact that vomiting in a baby can be harmless, for example, due to the usual overeating, but it can also be a serious symptom that absolutely cannot be ignored.
First of all, vomiting threatens with extreme dehydration of the child's body. Just think - having lost only 10% of the liquid from the main water content in the body, the child is in mortal danger.
What are the common causes of vomiting in newborn babies, we will now consider.
If the child is vomiting and the child does not want to breastfeed / formula, the child is lethargic, the child has vomiting and fever, the baby vomits more than three times a day - in this case, you should not self-medicate, but you need to call an ambulance.
Overfeeding
This is the single most harmless type of vomiting, otherwise referred to as regurgitation. If a child has eaten an amount of food that his stomach is not able to accommodate and digest, part of the food eaten by the baby will simply vomit. Regurgitation from vomiting differs in that it does not spill out with force, but sometimes simply flows out of the child's mouth.
What to do in this case?
Do not feed your baby more than he should, or shake or bathe him after eating. Half an hour of quiet pastime, and this is enough, after that you can engage in active activities and affairs with your child.
Hygiene and diet of a nursing mother
The quality of breast milk - and, consequently, the health of the baby - depends on how the nutrition of a young mother is organized. The mother's consumption of fatty, salty, spicy foods undoubtedly affects the composition of breast milk and can lead not only to vomiting, but also to disruption of the digestive process.
Therefore, every mother, regardless of how the baby reacts to breastfeeding, whether he has allergic reactions or not, should follow the recommendations for proper nutrition. (Reading About Nutrition and Diet)
Change of mixtures
Very often, vomiting in children 1 year old can be triggered by changing the mixture. A child's body, accustomed to the composition of one mixture, may "resist" and not accept another mixture. If you often change the infant formula, things can be limited not only to vomiting, but also to more serious disorders (allergies, dysbiosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction).
There are plenty of reasons why a child may vomit at 2 years old. Most often, this pathology is associated with errors in nutrition.... Overeating, the use of low-quality or poorly cooked, as well as harmful products such as chips and soda can provoke vomiting. If a child vomits once or a couple of times, but the general condition of the baby does not deteriorate, it is quite possible to do it on your own and provide assistance at home. When vomiting is indomitable and the child is getting worse by the minute, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor.
Causes of vomiting in babies
There are quite a few reasons why a 2-year-old child vomits, sometimes even an experienced doctor can find it difficult to establish the true cause of such a pathology without passing a series of tests. The main reasons for this condition include such changes in the body:
- Infectious diseases of the digestive tract.
- Poisoning - food, medicinal and herbal.
- Nervous system disorders, such as concussion.
- Allergic reactions of various origins.
- Persistent overeating.
Vomiting in a 2-year-old child may be psychological in nature... This is a rather rare occurrence, but it does occur. Vomiting urges occur in babies when the environment changes, when parents leave the house, or when a stranger appears. Some children are terrified of animals, which can lead to these seizures.
Parents should constantly monitor the baby, if something scares and upsets him, it is necessary to eliminate this phenomenon so that serious psychological problems do not arise.
Digestive tract infections
If, with vomiting, a child has a high temperature for 2 years, diarrhea and general weakness are observed, then an intestinal infection can be suspected... It can be rotavirus, dysentery, or salmonellosis. With rotavirus, the algorithm for helping a baby looks like this:
- Allow to rinse the mouth and throat after each vomiting attack so that the acidic environment does not corrode the mucous membrane.
- The crumb is given adsorbents in a therapeutic dosage that corresponds to age.
- The child is given frequent drinks in small portions.
Dysentery and salmonellosis are most often treated in a hospital setting. If the baby does not feel better after the first aid provided, then you need to go to the hospital to prevent the condition from getting worse.
It must be remembered that children at two years old have very low weight, therefore, life-threatening dehydration will occur in a short time.
Poisoning
If a two-year-old child has poisoning, then the help algorithm is the same as for infectious diseases of the digestive tract. When food poisoning occurs, the main task is considered to be copious soldering of the sick child.... This allows you to quickly remove toxins from the body.
In case of poisoning with toxic plants or drugs, you must immediately call an ambulance. In these cases, antidotes and intensive care may be needed. Before the arrival of the doctor, you need to save part of the vomit, as well as medicines or vegetation that caused the poisoning.
Neurological pathologies
If the baby fell and hit his head, and after that nausea appeared, and periodically there is an emetic urge, then a concussion of the brain can be suspected... With a mild degree of concussion, treatment at home is possible; with a moderate and severe degree, the baby is necessarily hospitalized. Treatment is carried out using intravenous and intramuscular injections, in addition, pills are prescribed that improve cerebral circulation and improve the supply of oxygen to the brain.
With properly organized treatment, all symptoms after a concussion disappear within two weeks. With an advanced disease, treatment can take more than six months.
Allergic reactions
If a child's gagging is accompanied by skin rashes and itching, we can talk about allergies.... In this case, the child is given antiallergic drugs and adsorbents, and the time interval between taking these two medications should be at least an hour. The baby must be soldered well in order to quickly remove the allergen from the body. Usually, already on the second or third day, the child becomes much easier, the rash turns pale and the itching decreases.
Sometimes, especially after taking penicillin drugs or an insect bite, two-year-olds develop a severe allergic reaction that requires emergency medical attention.
Violation of the diet
Overeating may cause vomiting in a 2-year-old... This is often due to the fact that compassionate mothers and grandmothers think that the baby is too thin and pale, so the portions of food are deliberately exceeded. In this case, gagging may occur immediately after eating or a little later.
The child may also start to vomit due to the fact that the food offered to the child is too fatty and heavy.... An incompletely formed digestive system cannot yet digest a large amount of food in which the fat content is exceeded. Moreover, such food is not beneficial, the liver and pancreas suffer from it. Frequent abuse of fatty, fried or smoked foods can lead to pancreatic failure and diabetes.
Psychological problems
It so happens that a child vomits when visiting a kindergarten or hospital. This is a psychological problem, the baby is afraid of something new and incomprehensible. In this case, you need to talk to the child and calm him down. If he categorically does not want to go to kindergarten, which is manifested by hysteria, it is better to skip a couple of days.... Sometimes there are children who find it very difficult to adapt to the children's team, in this case it is better to postpone the kindergarten for a couple of years and go to developmental classes that take place in the presence of their parents.
Vomiting in a 2-year-old always scares parents. You should not panic, first you need to figure out what could cause such attacks. In many cases, the cause is obvious and easily remedied.
All moms and dads know perfectly well that vomiting in children is not such a rare occurrence. However, in practice, faced with an attack, many are simply lost and do not know how to provide the baby with first aid, what to do and where to call. The authoritative pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky, the author of numerous articles and books on children's health, tells why vomiting occurs and what to do for adults.
About vomiting
Vomiting is a defense mechanism, a reflexive ejection of stomach contents through the mouth (or through the nose). During an attack, the abdominals contract, the esophagus expands, and the stomach itself relaxes and pushes whatever is in it up the esophagus. This rather complex process regulates the vomiting center, which in all people is located in the medulla oblongata. Most often, vomit is a mixture of undigested food debris and gastric juice. Sometimes they may contain impurities of pus or blood, bile.
The most common cause of infant vomiting is food poisoning. Vomiting can occur with various infectious diseases: rotavirus infection, scarlet fever, typhoid fever.
Less often, such a problem is triggered by accumulated toxins; this condition can occur in case of serious kidney disease.
Other causes of emetic attacks include stomach and intestinal diseases, neurological diagnoses, and head injuries.
In children, vomiting can often be triggered by strong emotional upheavals.
Views
Doctors distinguish between several types of child vomiting:
- Cyclic vomiting (acetonemic).
- Renal.
- Hepathogenic.
- Diabetic.
- Cardiac.
- Psychogenic.
- Cerebral.
- Bloody.
In most cases, vomiting in children begins at night. The kid wakes up with severe nausea. In this situation, it is important not to be intimidated or confused. Parents should act calmly and confidently.
The younger the child, the more dangerous vomiting is for him, since dehydration can occur, which can be fatal for babies.
A single vomiting (without any additional symptoms) in a child should not cause much alarm in parents, says Yevgeny Komarovsky. The fact is that this is how the body is "cleansed" of accumulated toxins, food elements that the child could not digest. However, parental inaction can be fraught with tragic consequences in cases where vomiting is repeated, as well as if there are other symptoms that indicate disturbances in the body.
The most common cause of vomiting in a child is food poisoning. The poison can enter the body of the crumbs with different products: dairy, meat, seafood, vegetables and fruits.
In the vast majority of cases the gag reflex is caused by nitrates and pesticides, with which fruits and vegetables are processed. Even very high quality meat products can cause severe poisoning if they are not prepared correctly.
Evgeny Komarovsky emphasizes that the first symptoms of food poisoning usually begin to appear in the interval from 4 to 48 hours after eating. Quite often, you can stop vomiting, which is provoked by food, on your own, at home.
At the first symptoms of poisoning, enteral detoxification with Enterosgel enterosorbent is necessarily used as a first aid. After taking, Enterosgel moves along the gastrointestinal tract and, like a porous sponge, collects toxins and harmful bacteria. Unlike other sorbents, which must be carefully diluted with water, Enterosgel is completely ready for use and is a delicate gel-like paste that does not injure the mucous membrane, but envelops and promotes its recovery. This is important since poisoning is often accompanied by an exacerbation of gastritis, due to which the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines becomes inflamed.
However, Evgeny Komarovsky recalls that there are situations in which mothers and fathers should not engage in independent healing. Medical assistance is required:
- Children from 0 to 3 years old.
- Children who vomit against a background of increased body temperature.
- Children who have vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain (all together or only part of the symptoms) have lasted for more than two days.
- Children who are not "alone" in their illness (if others in the household have similar symptoms
There are situations in which a child needs urgent medical attention as soon as possible. An ambulance should be called in one or more of the following conditions:
- Vomiting occurred after eating mushrooms.
- The vomiting is so intense that the baby cannot drink water.
- Vomiting is accompanied by clouding of consciousness, incoherent speech, impaired coordination of movements, yellowing of the skin, dry mucous membranes, and the appearance of a rash.
- Vomiting is accompanied by visual enlargement (swelling) of the joints.
- Against the background of repeated vomiting, there is no urination for more than 6 hours, the urine has a dark tint.
- In the vomit and (or) feces there are impurities of blood, pus.
While waiting for the arrival of the doctor, the child must be put on its side so that during the next vomiting attack the child does not choke on the vomit. The baby should be held in your arms, on your side. There is no need to give any medication.
So that the doctor can quickly understand the true cause of the child's condition, parents must remember in as much detail as possible what the baby ate in the last day, what he drank, where he was and what he did. In addition, mom and dad will have to carefully study the vomit so that they can then tell the doctor about their color, consistency, whether there is an unusual smell, whether there are any blood or pus impurities in them.
Analyzing the color
Dark vomit (coffee grounds colored) may indicate serious stomach problems, up to and including a peptic ulcer.
If there is an admixture of bile in the masses and there is a bittersweet smell, you can suspect a malfunction in the gallbladder and biliary tract.
Green color vomit may indicate the neurological nature of the reflex, the same is the case with vomiting in a strong stressful situation, when the child cannot cope with anxiety and anxiety in another way.
It is recommended to leave samples of vomit and feces of a sick child before the arrival of the doctor in order to show them to a specialist. This will contribute to the fastest and most accurate diagnosis of the true cause of the condition.
Vomiting in an infant may be a completely natural process of the formation of digestive functions, however, it is better if a doctor states it. Komarovsky emphasizes that often in infants, vomiting is the expected reason for banal overeating, if parents are too zealous in wanting to feed their child more and more calories.
Vomiting can be of a different nature - allergic, traumatic, and inflammatory. In other words, this reflex accompanies a great variety of a wide variety of diseases, some of which require prompt hospitalization with subsequent surgical care, and therefore, one should not underestimate vomiting attacks.
So, parents should make every effort not to stop vomiting at any cost and try to treat something with folk remedies, but in order to carefully observe. It will be just fine if they can provide the following information to the doctor who came to the call:
- The frequency and frequency of attacks (at what intervals vomiting occurs, how long does it last).
- Does the child feel better after the next attack, does the pain in the abdomen decrease?
- What is the approximate volume of vomit, their color and are there any impurities.
- What has the baby been ill with over the past year, over the past two weeks.
- What did the baby eat, does the parents also have a suspicion of food poisoning.
- Has the baby's weight changed over the past 2 weeks.
If a child develops some of the above symptoms, but does not vomit, Komarovsky advises to trigger a reflex on its own. To do this, the baby should be given 2-3 glasses of warm water or milk to drink, and then gently insert his fingers into the oropharynx and slightly wiggle them. You can use your fingers or a spoon to lightly press on the root of your tongue.
There is no need to feed the child. However, watering is a must. At the same time, you should know that soldering a child with vomiting is a whole science, it must be carried out strictly according to the rules. First, says Evgeny Komarovsky, drinking should be fractional, but very frequent. A single amount is a few sips. Secondly, the water temperature should be similar to body temperature, so the liquid will be absorbed more quickly, which will save the child from dehydration. When asked what to drink, the doctor replies that oral rehydration solutions or homemade saline solutions are the best options. If desired, you can give your child non-carbonated mineral water, tea, compote.
