How to make DIY materials for Montessori lessons? Montessori frames and inserts (m) DIY Montessori games for children

The Montessori technique has been known in the world for over a hundred years. To create a room in the spirit of its system, you need to arrange all the cabinets, shelves and other pieces of furniture at a level accessible to the child. Complete freedom of action of the kid is encouraged. It is necessary to purchase all kinds of early development aids. Their cost is often overstated, so parents prefer to make Montessori materials with their own hands.

To create toys according to the method of Maria Montessori, the following principles are used: simplicity, lack of overloading with details, naturalness. Typically, these aids are made of wood and painted in soothing colors. But you can try to create educational toys using the Montessori technique from what you have at home.

Making a frame insert

This guide is aimed at developing fine motor skills. You can start giving it to children even up to one year old. To make it, you will need the following materials:

• thick cardboard;
• colored paper;
• stationery knife;
• glue.

We cut out geometric shapes from paper of different colors: triangle, square, rhombus, circle. We glue them onto cardboard. Now the details need to be cut along the contour with a clerical knife. We attach a button on top so that the inserts are easy to get out.

Mobile for newborns

This guide is suitable for the youngest children from birth. It helps the child to focus and develops coordination of movements.

To make the first Munari mobile, you need the following materials:

• thick paper;
• threads;
• glue;
• white and black paint;
• wooden plank;
• transparent plastic ball with a diameter of 4 cm.

We print the template. Cut out and glue the shapes. We divide the bar into three parts, equal to 24, 20 and 12 centimeters, respectively, and paint it as in the diagram. Fixing contrasting details and the ball on the structure, as shown. Such a mobile can be offered to a baby from 2 - 3 weeks of age.

Developing board (business board)

One of the most interesting materials for children in the Montessori system is business board... This is a special stand made of wood, on which all kinds of elements are attached, from the latch to the switch. The point is to safely teach a child to handle adult objects. If it is usually forbidden for a baby to insert a plug into an outlet, here it is just a separate exercise. Such manuals can be made in the form of a cube, where each face is filled with interesting latches and hinged doors. You can start practicing with a business board from the age of 2.

If you do not know the art of woodworking, it is better to ask your dad for help with making the blanks. To create a handmade Montessori toy, you will need the following materials:

• Chipboard or any flat board;
• self-tapping screws;
• glue Moment;
• Velcro, zippers, laces, hooks for various fasteners;
• various locks, latches, latches, switches, chains.

Treat the surface of the board so that there are no jags or irregularities on it. You can cover it with a safe varnish. Next, you need to fix all the necessary elements. You can arrange them in random order or paint a background. For example, a tree, where each branch will have its own simulator for small arms. Before giving the toy to a child, make sure that all parts are securely fixed and that there are no sharp edges.

Color Trainer

Starting from about 1.5-2 years of age, children love to sort objects by attribute. To learn colors and develop this skill, you can make an organizer simulator. To create it, you will need the following materials:

• plastic or cardboard box with various compartments (for example, for cutlery);
• colored paper;
• glue;
• various large buttons, beads, small toys, covers of different colors.

If you don't have a suitable box, don't be discouraged - you can easily make it yourself with a little time. Just cut out the cardboard partitions that match the height and glue them into the base. Several matchboxes can be connected. Glue a colored paper rectangle inside each resulting compartment. Please note that shades should not be repeated. Now we give the resulting organizer to the little researcher along with the prepared elements: let him put them in compartments of the desired color. This game can captivate a 2-year-old child for a long time.

DIY geometrics

It is not difficult to create one more didactic material on your own - a mathematical tablet or a geoboard. This is a board with nails driven at an equal distance from each other. For home use, you can use push pins with colored heads.

To create it, you will need materials:

• small flat board;
• buttons with plastic caps;
• bank gum.

Purpose of the game- learn how to make different shapes and patterns using elastic bands or threads. This activity is suitable for children from 2 years old. Geometrics aims to develop fine motor skills and hand coordination, logic and mathematical thinking.

Sensory pouches

Another interesting material for the development of motor skills... All you need to create is thick fabric and various cereals for filling.

We sew rectangular pockets of the same size and fill each of them with our own type of filler. It is important to securely fasten the bags so that the child cannot open them. As a filler, you can use rice, peas, beans, buckwheat. Toddlers can be involved in the game from a very early age.

Frames with clasps

This guide is aimed at developing independence in children. The goal is to teach your child how to handle different types of fasteners. To create a do-it-yourself Montessori frame, you will need the following materials:

• wooden frame from the picture;
• unnecessary clothes with zippers, buttons, hooks;
• construction stapler or glue.

Found an old jacket at home that has been waiting for a long time to be sent to the country? Take your time to get rid of it, with the right approach, it can be an excellent developmental aid. First, cut out a square slightly larger than the frame from the garment. Position the fabric so that the clasp is in the middle of the right side. Attach the remainder firmly to the back, cut off the excess.

An equally popular manual aimed at developing motor skills and self-care skills. To create you need to take:

• thick cardboard;
• long thick laces;
• hole punch or awl;

Cut out of cardboard boot outline... Cut the drawing in half vertically. We pierce holes at an equal distance opposite each other. We put laces in the top two holes and tie them. Now you can teach your baby how to insert strings into holes, as well as cope with lacing on his own. These games develop coordination, prepare the hand for writing, and encourage perseverance.

The lesson is aimed at sensory development and learning the alphabet... To make the manual, you need to print letters on thick paper or draw by hand.

Cover the inner surface with PVA glue and sprinkle with semolina. Let the child try trace letters with your fingers- so he will remember their contours and learn to write.

So, you learned how to make DIY Montessori materials for kids. Now your little helper will develop quickly and correctly.

Attention, only TODAY!

The idea of ​​this game is taken from the works of the famous Italian teacher Maria Montessori (1870-1952). With the help of a number of peculiar tasks and the skillful application of the principle of self-development, when the baby is engaged himself, she succeeded in influencing the development of mentally retarded children with whom she worked so successfully that by the time they entered school, they even surpassed normal children in their development. Then it struck her so much that she wrote: "... what should be done with normal children so that they become weaker than my unfortunate ones?"

The Montessori Frames and Inserts game develops children in several directions:

1) develops the ability to recognize and distinguish the shape of flat figures and their position on the plane (visually and by touch);

2) prepares children for mastering writing and drawing - develops the ability to use a pencil, as the artists say, gives "firmness of the hand", the ability to draw lines along a ruler, along a square, along a pattern and by eye, to distinguish the boundaries of figures and see contour lines;

3) introduces geometric terminology - the names of figures. This game can be played even with one and a half year old and two year old babies, if their development is not too delayed by the lack of freedom in knowing the world. Between the ages of 8-9 months and 2 years, the lack of freedom (children are not allowed to crawl on the floor) is especially hard on development.

The game is a set of square frame-plates measuring 100x100 mm, thickness 1.5–2 mm. A hole is cut in the center of each of them, which is closed by a liner cap of the same shape and size, but in a different color (Fig. 10).

Rice. ten

10.0pt "> The set consists of the following shapes:

1. Circle (diameter 50 mm).

2. Square (side 40 mm).

3. Equilateral triangle (side 50 mm).

4. Ellipse (diameters 70 and 40 mm).

5. Rectangle (sides 60 and 40 mm).

6. Rhombus (40 mm side and 60 ° acute angle).

7. Trapezoid (bases 60 and 40 mm, height 40 mm).

8. The quadrilateral is irregular (sides 65 and 35 mm, one right angle).

9. Parallelogram (with sides 50 and 42 mm, acute angle 75 °).

10. Isosceles triangle (sides 65 mm, base 40 mm).

11. Hexagon correct (side 30 mm).

12. The star is five-pointed (diameter of the circumscribed circle is 65 mm).

13. Rectangular isosceles triangle (legs 60 mm).

14. Pentagon regular (diametrically written circle 10.0pt "> 60 mm mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt ">).

15. Hexagon of irregular shape (sides 30 mm, two opposite corners 90 °).

16. The triangle is versatile (sides 40, 60, 80 mm).

10.0pt "> How to make frames and inserts

Divide the sheets of colored paper into 100x100 mm squares and carefully draw one of the 16 geometric shapes in the center of each in full size. Then carefully glue the sheets onto thick cardboard 1.5–2 mm thick and dry under a press or under a board with a weight of 20–30 kg. When the glue is dry, cut the sheets into squares and cut each square carefully along the contour of the figure (cut out the inserts). It is convenient to do this with a sharp penknife on the board. The thinner the blade of the knife, the more accurate the figure is. Erase the edges of the hole in the cardboard square and the edges of the cut shape so that the shape fits easily into the hole in the frame and completely covers it. In order for the baby to be able to insert and remove the inlay shapes, small protrusion handles must be attached to them.

Frames and inserts made of plastic would be incomparably more convenient than cardboard ones and would last longer, but while they are not there, you have to use material that is easily processed at home.

For frames and inserts, a box with a cover of 200x105 mm, 40-60 mm high, depending on the thickness of the cardboard for the frames.

To make the edges of the holes in the frames harder, and a pencil glide over them easier, the frames can be painted with light oil paint or nitro paint, or covered with colorless varnish. In this case, you can make the front and back sides of the frame the same in color. This has a special meaning: asymmetrical insert figures enter the frame holes only on one side. Kids are very surprised when both the hole in the frame and the insert seem to be of the same shape, but the hole cannot be closed. You just need to turn the frame to the other side, but how difficult it is for the baby. It takes more than one day until the child is able to discover this “secret”. But what a joy it is that the recalcitrant liners suddenly fit tightly into the holes! The inserts must be painted in a different color.

The numbers on the inserts can be omitted, but they must be kept on the frames. When the baby begins to assimilate the numbers, this numbering of the frames will allow him to fold them in a certain order.

10.0pt "> Quests for the game

From the very beginning, the frame with inserts is called according to the shape of the hole in it (circle, square, triangle, etc.). Depending on the age of the baby and the level of his development, tasks and the number of frames are selected. At first, they pick up easier tasks, and then it becomes more and more difficult, until they reach the “ceiling of possibilities” of the baby, in order to give him tension to the fullest extent possible. Unfortunately, there is no such gradual “ladder” of tasks as in the game “Fold a Pattern”, and tasks must be selected by the father or mother himself, using the ability to “feel the capabilities” of the baby. Therefore, first it is best for parents to get acquainted with all the tasks, complete some of them in order to feel their complexity, and then offer them to the baby.

10.0pt "> 1. Find the inserts for the frames and insert them. This is the most favorite task for children. They repeat it countless times: both when they are still very small, and when they become older. Apparently, there is something attractive in this process of searching. Perhaps the very process of comparison, search, which is always interesting for the kid, is fascinating. Therefore, do not forbid the child from doing this task.

A child 1.5–2 years old should not be offered all 16 frames at once, he should be given only 4–5 frames and inserts for them. The frames can be called windows in a magical house where the good fairy lives, and the inserts are shutters with which the fairy closes its windows tightly at night so that “the mosquito does not fly through the windows into the house. And when morning comes and the fairy wants to see the kind sun, she hurries to open the shutters of her windows and let in warm, bright rays. "

The main thing is that from the first encounters with the game, the kid must understand the task - to tightly close the holes with the liners, that is, find the hole exactly the same shape as the liner, and turn it until it coincides, until it is exactly aligned.

For older children, the same task can be given as a task: “to lay down a 4-storey house with 4 windows on each floor”. Here, the very unfolding of the frames on the table or on the rug in 4 rows of 4 frames in each is a task for the kid, assembling and putting them in a box after the game is also, so no need to do it for an adult, let the kid do it himself.

If there are several sets of the game and the task is already familiar to everyone, you can arrange a competition: who will be able to insert all the inserts into the frames faster, for example: “The storm is approaching - you need to close the windows! Who quickly?" In this case, the ability to rationally organize their work also develops. After all, the kid can take out one frame and go through all the inserts until he finds the one he needs, then the second, etc. But he can first lay out all the frames on the table, and then take the inserts one at a time and find the one that is needed among the frames. For a 3-year-old toddler, it may take 5–8 minutes to close all 16 holes, while a 6–7-year-old preschooler can do this in 1.5–2 minutes. Therefore, from time to time (once every six months, a year) we carry out “control checks” for the speed of completing task No. 1 and write the results either in the kid's diary, or in the notebook of achievements.

10.0pt "> 2. Draw the outline of the shape. mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt "> At first it is better to trace the outline around the frame, it is much easier than the liner. And from the shapes it is easiest to outline a circle and an ellipse, very difficult - an asterisk.

Have the baby put a “circle” frame on a blank sheet of paper and try to trace the outline with a colored pencil. Do not rush to say and show that the frame must be pressed tightly against the paper. Let the kid look and guess why other children or adults have clear and correct drawings, but not.

- There is a secret. If you recognize him, then you will have a good circle. - With such a remark, you can tune the kid to search for this secret.

The game turns out even more successful if before that the kid drew the sun by hand, but it did not turn out round. And now the sun will suddenly “round off” in the frame, so smooth that the baby will, of course, be pleased.

It is comparatively difficult for a child to correctly draw a square, a triangle, or any figure in general, and with the help of frames, they suddenly begin to come out perfectly correct.

This task can be complicated: Make exactly 3 (4, 5, 6, etc.) mugs (“bake pancakes”) or a rhombus (“make flower beds”) on one sheet, that is, give a task related to counting drawn figures. Draw all the ellipses in a row (“cucumbers on the shelf”) or isosceles triangles in a column (“the herringbone has grown”), and you can also offer a second condition: “so that they do not touch each other” or, conversely, “so that they catch each other for a friend ”(“ chain ”).

Who will draw more shapes on one page, but so that they touch (do not touch) each other. This is a “tailor's” task - how to cut out more blanks from one piece of fabric, or how to make it so that there are fewer scraps left? There are also options here: you can set a figure in advance (who will draw more circles?), Or you can offer to choose (which figure is better to take so that as many figures as possible fit on this sheet?).

Such a task is also useful for business if you are preparing decorations for a Christmas tree from colored paper and, having drawn circles, rhombuses or stars on it, cut them out with scissors.

10.0pt "> 3. Circle the earbuds. mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt "> It is much more difficult to trace the liners with a pencil than the frames. The pencil easily" slides off "the liner, especially the corners of the shape. Those who know how to make contours using inserts usually prefer frames.You should not fight this, but in order to strengthen the child's hand and develop his attentiveness, you need to teach him how to make contours using inserts. Pencil breaks - the patrol has lost one soldier How many soldiers will make it to the end?

10.0pt "> 4. Paint the shapes with a colored pencil. Most often, this task is performed simultaneously with the second. After the kid draws several contours of the figures along the frame or insert, he can be given the task of painting over them with colored pencils. The main difficulty of painting is that it is difficult for kids not to go beyond the contour, to move a pencil from line to line. But here again there is a saving “secret”, having learned which the baby will make a contour with clear boundaries. It consists in the fact that the surface of the figure is first painted over near the contour with strokes parallel to the contour lines. The contour itself becomes wide, 3-4 mm, and then the inner part can be painted over safely. Do not rush to “pass on the secret”, the baby must first see the difference in color, when it is made by the knowledgeable “secret” and himself, he must appreciate this difference and then find a way to do the same. If the child reveals this “secret” himself, then he will acquire special value for him and will be remembered for the rest of his life.

It is better to choose the color of the painting according to the object that depicts the contour. If it is a sun, then it will be yellow, orange or red, if a watermelon, then green or striped, and if it is a balloon, then any. It's good when the kid chooses the color himself. He has his own plans, which adults cannot always guess, and therefore his decisions.

- What will you have? - you can ask him. - How do you want to paint?

Approve and present new ideas with delicacy. The more the kid shows his own initiative in the game, the better it is in all respects: the more opportunities for the development of the creative abilities of the kid himself and the better for the older ones - they do not need to be constant guides and movers, they don’t have to “pull” all the time, they don’t have to look, what to do with the kid. Games are just a means by which you can significantly increase the independence and initiative of the kids themselves.

In addition to solid shading of figures, you can sometimes try shading in the form of a grid of parallel lines of varying density, going horizontally in one case, vertically in another, and obliquely in the third. You can even do double hatching, so that the shape will be covered with squares or diamonds.

All these types of shading are an excellent preparation of a kid for mastering writing, where movement is required “from a ruler to a ruler”, a certain slope of the line, exact observance of the shape of the letters, that is, perfect mastery of a pencil and a pen. And here the kid is engaged in an interesting game, completely unaware of what necessary qualities he acquires for school.

5. Make a shape with a double outline. Show the kid a sample of the figure with a double outline; for example, an ellipse is a blue contour, and inside a red contour evenly spaced from it (a gap of 2-3 mm).

- How do two ellipses do it? - you will be surprised. - Blue outside and red inside? Let's try to do the same!

And start joint tests with the baby. Do not rush to acquaint the child with the methods given in the book. It’s even better if the baby is able to invent at least one way himself. And there are several ways. The simplest one is to make the 1st contour along the frame, and the second one by hand, by eye, without haste and maintaining a constant clearance between the contours. But the quality of the 2nd circuit will be inferior

1st. If the contour consists of straight line segments, then the 2nd contour can be made using a ruler.

You can, by making the 1st contour along the frame and removing it, cover the contour with an insert and circle it. Then the 2nd contour can come out the same as the 1st, but here it is difficult to achieve exact alignment so that they do not turn out to be shifted to one side or rotated relative to each other.

Older children try, and not without success, to make the 2nd contour with two pencils tightly pressed or even tied with a thread. But the gap between the contours here turns out to be large - in the thickness of a pencil.

And finally, inventive minds use a small washer with a diameter of 5-6 mm and a thickness of 1-2 mm. Then both contours are made along the frame, but with the 1st pencil, as usual, and the 2nd by inserting the tip of the pencil into the hole of the washer. Apparently, other methods are also possible.

If there are 2 contours on the paper, then you can shade the gap between these contours, making the figure as if with a bold outline. You can make more than 2 paths in one shape and with pencils of different colors, for example, in a sequence of rainbow colors, etc.

10.0pt "> 6. Make an ornament out of the shapes. mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt "> Ornaments (decorations, usually from repeating elements) can be made from the same or from different shapes, both with one and with a double outline, placing the shapes in a ruler with a fan, a flower , overlaying them partially on top of each other or placing them separately.There is a wide scope for imagination, but it is necessary to show several samples, for example, children's drawings (Fig. 12).

Rice. 12

10.0pt "> 7. Get to know the shape by touch. mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt "> The kid is blindfolded, like when playing blind man's buff, and given a stack of frames, the names of which he already knows. The child feels the shape and says what it is called.

“Right!” “Sighted” recognition of the figure welcomes, and the baby puts the figure to the right. If he was mistaken, then in a completely different, sad voice they say “to the left”, and the baby puts it on the left (to count “to the right” and “to the left” from the point of view of the baby). If the kid is not alone, then you can play, “who recognizes the figures more by touch”, “who recognizes them more quickly” (if they already know the names of all the frames). In this game, the sense of touch is well developed, which is necessary in working with photographic materials when navigating in the dark and in some other cases.

Can be recognized by touch and earbuds.

8. Insert the inserts into the frames by touch. This is a variant of the 1st task, its execution is blind. You can ask it after the kids recognize the names of the figures and it becomes easy to complete all the 1st task. But here you need to observe a sense of proportion and set as many figures as the kid is able to do with interest and pleasure. Here the tale of the evil crocodile, who swallowed the sun, and it became dark on the ground from this, can help. What then was there for all animals, birds, people to do? Everyone had to do everything in the dark, as if they were blindfolded, and even to feel their way into their homes. For the first time, you can give only 2-3 frames and inserts to them, and then increase their number until children can touch all 16 inserts for 16 frames.

You can complete the task itself in this order: to the first of the kids who says: “But I'm not afraid of the dark and even in the dark I can insert inserts into frames!” - they blindfold, sit on the floor or on a rug and give a box with two, three or ... even all frames and appropriate inserts in their hands, when they already feel that the child will overcome the task. The kid takes one frame out of the box, recognizes its shape by touch and, lifting it, shows everyone: “This is a circle!” Then, holding the frame in his left hand, with his right hand he probes the insert in the box and, having found the circle, inserts it into the frame and puts them aside or puts it in front of him so that he can then put the second frame with the insert next to it, then the third, etc. e. Making such a “track” from frames with inserted inserts is also a good task for the kid.

9. Unfasteners and inserts according to “grades”. The task is not big and difficult, but it is possible to offer it to children who can count up to 10 well and know what an angle and triangles, hexagons are. “Grade” here is determined by the number of angles in a figure. th - hexagons, in the 5th - polygons, in the 6th those figures that have no corners.

When the frames are unfolded, the same is done with the inserts, but they are folded either next to the frames, or they are also lined up in rows, but in a different place. And now you can calculate: how many triangular frames? how many quadrangles? and so on. What frames are more? What is the smallest framework?

This task for the classification of figures gives the kid an idea of ​​the possibility of such an approach, of highlighting such a feature for classification, bringing into the system seemingly disparate elements, very different figures. The classification task will be found in other games, and for some kids it even creates a semblance of a “systematic approach”, the desire to arrange objects in some order: nesting dolls - by height, parts of squares - by color, cards - by the number of dots on them, cubes - according to the number of red or blue faces each, plastic-metal "constructor" - according to the number of holes in them, etc.

Do-it-yourself Montessori certainly makes sense to do! Such manuals may not turn out as ideal as purchased ones, but they will be made by hand, which will give them uniqueness.

Plus, they will be much cheaper than purchased ones. Today we make insert frames!

Geometry for children becomes more understandable if they have the opportunity to play with the material, feel it with their fingertips. By visiting the Creative Math Teachers website, you will learn many different ways to introduce your child to the basics of this science. And we propose to try to include in the preschooler's education at home classes with insert frames, the author of which is Maria Montessori.

In the original, the frames are thin colored wooden planks with holes of a certain shape in the middle. The inserts of a different color are inserted into these holes. For convenience, the inserts have small "handles" for which kids hold them.

You can purchase factory-made frames in the store.

Or you can make them yourself from thick cardboard.

To do this, cut out squares with a side length of about 10 cm.
In the center of each square, cut a hole of a certain geometric shape:

• triangle, etc.

Using the square as a stencil, prepare cardboard inserts of the desired shapes. On one side of each insert, glue a large bead or button so that it is convenient for the child to take. The manual is ready, you can study. To get started, ask your little student to match the liners with the desired frames.

You can come up with a game: for example, each square is a house, and an insert is a shutter in a window. It is necessary to close all the windows at night so that thieves do not get into the house. Speak the names of the geometric shapes as you progress.

You can also use the resulting frames as a stencil for painting.

Propose to turn the resulting geometric shapes into familiar objects. This is how not only fantasy develops, but also the ability to think abstractly.

As your child develops, complicate the activities with the framework. For example, you can set specific tasks for the kid: build a “house” of three floors, each of which has three “windows” of a certain shape (indicate which one). By adding frames that are similar in shape but different in size, you complicate the process of matching them to the liners. Also, with the help of frames, you can improve the account, offering to make a chain in a certain sequence: 1- round hole, 2- rhombus, etc.

Speaking of creating a developing environment at home, one cannot do without examples, so today I will share with you how you can create DIY Montessori materials for a children's room, avoiding significant costs.

The child must grow up in a prepared environment at home

I became interested in Maria Montessori's technique for a very long time, having read in her works that a child strives for independence from the moment of birth, and an adult acts as a helper in a “prepared environment” at home.

What is a prepared environment? This is the environment of the child with suitable objects and toys, furniture and utensils. And the most important thing for many parents is that you can create all Montessori materials with your own hands.

Variety of materials and shapes for use

When my son was born, I seriously approached the issue of his development. Equipped the nursery in accordance with the leading methods of early development.

But when the child crawled, and then went, I began to notice a loss of interest in pre-verified and professionally created materials and cards. Then I remembered again about Montesori. It turns out that you don't have to spend a lot of money to create a developing environment in your home. It is enough to conduct an audit in your closets, in the kitchen, among old clothes.

Creating a cognitive environment with your own hands

Today, looking back at my past experience in making DIY Montessori materials, I can advise you to start with the simplest : from frames - Montessori inserts.

They are made easily, from the material at hand. We divide the colored paper into squares 10: 1, and glue it on thick cardboard, when the glue is thoroughly dry, with the help of a clerical knife we ​​cut out geometric shapes in the resulting squares. We sand the edges well so that it is convenient for the child to match the figures with the pattern in the square.

Another, simple developmental piece of furniture that you can make yourself: lacing board... To do this, two holes are made in thick cardboard, a lace is passed through them and on the back side, a lacing loop is carefully glued to the cardboard. Further on the surface of the cardboard we fix the lacing loops, lace up a long row, tie a bow.

And such a miracle is called geometrical and it can be easily made from a plank and pushpins, making squares the same size but different colors. And then using rubber bands, rubber bands or rubber threads, the child can create all kinds of geometric shapes, learn colors and develop combinatorial abilities.

In the wardrobe, you will definitely find a couple of things that are no longer worn, but it is still a pity to throw them away. This is a great material for touch pad... Multicolored buttons from the great-grandmother's box, floss threads from the embroidery kit - these are the items for creating a variety of DIY Montessori materials.

With the help of all the same cardboard, colored paper and ordinary clothespins, you can make The sun is a color trainer.

With the help of croup and nylon tights - a snake for acquaintance and study of the composition of the number, while developing the tactile abilities of the child.

Such snake can be done in a couple of hours! To do this, you will need a handful of peas, buckwheat, beans, rice, and a rough plastic bag. Cut off a piece of the desired length from the tights and begin to form a snake, pouring cereals into the sock. We carefully separate each type of beans or cereals from the rest with a knot, in the last link of the snake we sew in a crumpled bag so that when feeling our child, along with mathematical skills, he develops hearing and fine motor skills.

At one time, I really liked the idea with painted nesting dolls from old plastic bottles. The neck of the bottle is cut off and well sealed with old cloth (chintz or coarse calico are perfect).

Then the entire bottle is thoroughly covered with water-based white paint and set aside until completely dry. When the workpiece is dry, the face and clothes of the "nesting doll" are drawn with the help of acrylic paints. I slightly altered the technology for myself, namely, the final painting of the nesting dolls we did together with my son.

Seeing how difficult it is for a son to remember, and later to distinguish the seasons, we did this with him calendar: in the center of the globe, around it multi-colored arrows (rays); spring - three green arrows, summer - three red, autumn - three yellow, winter - three blue; and each arrow was supplemented with photographs taken at this time of the year, this month. I first saw the idea of ​​this calendar in a Japanese animated series, and then I found a photo of it on the Internet.

But the most interesting and informative game for our son was the creation stand "The Birth of a Book".

From early childhood my son loves to compose and invent, and on the way to kindergarten I became a listener of extraordinary stories. And then one day, our dad offered to create a book. And it’s not just to write the story down on paper, but to work out the characters, to sculpt their homes. Write a synopsis, draw the characters of the characters. And put all this together in one large stand, calling it "The Birth of a Book". I also liked this idea because I knew about the collection of such literature by collective efforts, but the individual work of this plan was new to me.

Output

In general, when creating a developing environment according to the method of Maria Montessori, you can use almost everything that lies badly and excites your imagination with your child. It is important to remember that everything in the nursery must correspond to the age of the child and, of course, create Montessori materials with your own hands, following the flight of creative thought!

Loving parents are ready for anything for the all-round, and most importantly, comfortable and joyful development of their children. According to Maria Montessori's upbringing methodology, hand-made materials are all a child needs in order for him to reach his full potential. It is not difficult to make such toys, the main thing is to set a goal and devote 2-3 hours of your time. We have collected several master classes, more than 30 ideas, as well as examples of didactic games based on the eminent Italian teacher.

Features of upbringing methods

“Education is not so much a teacher’s responsibility as a natural process of a child’s development. It does not occur due to his perception of the words of adults, but represents the accumulation of experience of practical actions, independent discoveries that he draws in his environment. "

Great words of the great woman Maria Montessori - scientist, doctor, educator, philosopher and humanist. More than a century ago, she was able to educate her charges - mentally retarded children - so that they surpassed their healthy peers in reading, writing and counting. Her achievements shook the whole world and exposed the imperfection of traditional teaching. In 1907, Maria opened a school for healthy children in Rome. The methods that she used in her work continue to improve to this day.

Features of training in Montessori:

• the use of didactic materials that will allow the child to study independently: study, practice actions, detect and correct mistakes;
• promotion of the child's freedom, recognition of his right to indulge in the occupation that he likes, without time limits or any other;
• collective learning in a group of different ages, where the younger ones adopt the experience and knowledge of the older ones, and they, in turn, learn about care and responsibility;
• lack of competition between children and any grading system;
• a motivating, rewarding, facilitating role of the educator, but not restrictive or prescriptive.

“Help me do it myself” is the main principle of the Montessori technique. You can learn more about it.

Examples of games

In specialized Montessori schools or child development classes, you can always find a lot of interesting materials: all kinds of inserts, puzzles, frames and whole boards on the whole wall. It is impossible to tear the baby away from them. The child himself finds something to do, sets the problem and solves it. For example, he moves balls around a wooden maze. At first, his actions can look chaotic. The child gets acquainted with the material, tries different directions and strength of movements. As he develops, he realizes that he needs to collect balls on 4 different sides, according to the color of the large balls in the corners.

Games like Montessori can be played at home. And for this it is not at all necessary to buy expensive toys. All items can be found at home:

• thick threads;
• buttons, beads;
• lollipop sticks, ice cream;
• plastic containers, jars;
• sand;
• cereals, pasta, beans;
• linen basket;
• balls;
• colored clothespins;
• utensils: pots, glasses, colander, spoons, tray.

Even with such a small set, you can come up with many games based on Montessori motives. To start the game, you need to show your child what you can do with objects. For example:

• string beads on a string (by color, size or randomly);
• thread into a colander, creating all kinds of weaves;
• collect sticks in a closed container with slots;
• lay out patterns from wooden sticks (if you put a picture on several pieces folded together, you get a puzzle);
• sort, pour, mix cereals, and also paint them in different colors;
• knock with a wooden stick, spoon on dishes, getting different sounds and creating music;
• put clothespins on multi-colored cardboard;
• toss balls into the laundry basket;
• build from sand, paint it, paint with a stick or fingers on the sand, scattered in a thin layer in a tray;
• fold the dishes according to the matryoshka principle.

In fact, even Montessori manuals list and describe games with improvised objects. Still, the goal of upbringing is self-development through interaction with the outside world, therefore, the materials should be simple and understandable for kids.

Examples of books: E. Thirio "52 weeks of lessons with a child", E. Errman, R. Rocchi "I study with Montessori", D. Orlova "Big Book of Montessori".

Top 15 master classes on creating Montessori materials

The technique pays special attention to tactile sensations, that is, sensing. Therefore, it is important to make toys from natural and as diverse as possible materials: wood, metal, water, jelly, plasticine, foam, stone, fabric, etc. You also need to provide for the safety of future games. Wooden products should be hewn, nails should be hammered in and bent securely. If paint is used, make sure it is non-toxic.

Card games

One of the simplest and most popular didactic materials of Montessori. To create cards with your own hands, you will need A4 sheets, cardboard, felt-tip pens or paints. Those who do not know how to draw can print pictures in any printing house or at home on a printer. It is recommended to make drawings large and expressive, always realistic, not fabulous. To increase the durability, the pictures are glued to cardboard and, if desired, are sealed with tape.

What cards can you make with your own hands and how to play with them?

1. With animals. It is recommended to divide the cards into groups: wild, domestic animals, parents and their children, animals of different continents, marine life, birds, rodents, etc. Then the child is given rubber or soft figures of drawn copies, which he must correlate with the picture and correctly position ... It is possible and necessary to name animals and briefly talk about them.
2. With fruits and vegetables. The principle is the same. The kid is given cards with vegetables and, separately, with fruits. A large bowl of groceries is placed next to it. The child can not only lay them out on the cards, but also feel, smell, taste.
3. With numbers and letters. There are several variations here. On a sheet with letters or numbers, you can lay out plastic covers with painted letters or a wooden, magnetic alphabet. You can also apply letters to beans, sea stones, shells, or cut them out of colored cardboard. Counting sticks and cubes are suitable for studying numbers. The picture shows the number and quantity of items.

Boys can study car brands using cards. It is also useful for development to lay out geometric shapes, household items, such as scissors, watches, threads, dishes.

Touch mats

Many people use unnecessary large towels as the basis for the rug. But also for these purposes old pillowcases, pieces of dense fabric, carpet cuts, polypropylene puzzle rugs are quite suitable. Further, a material is sewn (glued) onto the base, which will develop the baby.

What kind of rugs can you make yourself?

1. With buttons. Various large buttons are sewn onto the base, which the baby can feel or even walk on (prevention of flat feet, valgus and other orthopedic problems).
2. Applique rug. It is made according to the idea and has movable parts that are different to the touch. For example, an application on a day-night theme. The rug is visually halved. On one side, the sun is sewn from yellow fabric, white clouds, a cloud with threads (rain). At the bottom, place the earth in the form of a piece of brown carpet, asphalt-sandpaper. You can sew on a stick-tree, any other details. The moon, a bed with a pillow and a blanket, etc. are attached to the other half.
3. From eggs "Kinder Surprise". A very interesting rug, where in each cell the kid can find something new: cotton wool, small balls, pebbles, sawdust, magnets, coins, plasticine, chestnuts. To make such fun, plastic "yolks" are pierced with a hot thin nail from below in two places, and then sewn close to each other. You can additionally connect them with hot glue to each other.

Those who are proficient in knitting can knit a rug. Also interesting is the idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bcreating a rug from squares that can be connected together with buttons or fastened with a zipper.

Sorter

According to Montessori, children themselves are able to determine the actual activities for self-development. The task of teachers and parents is to provide them with didactic material in their free possession. Various sorters and inserts are especially good in this regard, where the baby does not need to point out an error, he himself is able to detect it.

So, what can you do with your own hands for Montessori games?

• From bottles and boxes. You will need a large, low box and 7 bottles with multi-colored lids (you can paint it yourself). First, multi-colored rectangles are glued to the top of the box, and the bottles are cut according to its height. Then, in front of each color, holes are cut for the necks of the bottles. As planned, the child screws on the caps that match the glued color.
• From scraps of fabric. Rectangles are sewn onto a large section and attached with pockets, then an applique is glued to each section. These can be numbers, letters, geometric shapes. Then the baby puts the necessary materials in the pockets.
• Made of cardboard. The principle is the same as for the liner made of fabric, only whatman paper is taken as a basis, and rectangles are cut out of cardboard. To divide into pockets, you can use tape, glue, stapler. Flat figures are embedded inside. For example, in one pocket - circles, in the second - squares, etc.
• From food containers. All kinds of sorters can be made from plastic trays. For example, make curly holes in the form of a circle, square, triangle, narrow strip with a red-hot nail. The child will be able to put coins, balls, cubes, etc. in the container.
• From matchboxes. The simplest liners that can be made in half an hour. Upstairs you need to glue the image of the figures that the child will fold inward: numbers and the corresponding number of sticks, letters, colors, geometric shapes.

Fine motor toys and others

Almost all Montessori materials develop fine motor skills, increase concentration and train memory. They do not make a genius out of a child, but they help to develop naturally and reveal all their inner potential.

What other toys can you make yourself?

Ideas in pictures

You can not only make wooden Montessori materials with your own hands, but also buy them. Here's what the stores have to offer:

By the way, it will not be difficult for skilled dads to copy the idea and bring it to life.

In conclusion, it's worth noting that when trying to recreate the Montessori environment at home, it's important not to overdo it. The room should have several areas: relaxation, activity, dressing, creativity. The main thing is not the amount of materials, but the education of independence in the child. It is very important that furniture and objects around them are safe and comfortable to use. Roughly speaking, the baby should be able to freely realize his desires, change clothes, take the desired item from the shelf, and then remove it. That, in fact, is the whole secret of the Maria Montessori technique.