What a miscarriage looks like at 10 weeks. Spontaneous early miscarriage, causes, symptoms, treatment. Food poisoning - how to be

08.11.2021 Readers

May cause major injury. But monitoring the spontaneous abortion process itself can be even more difficult. A miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is defined as the loss of a child before 24 weeks, although this period is sometimes shortened to 20 weeks. About 50% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, but very early in pregnancy, women often do not even know they were already pregnant and did not experience any symptoms. Among clinically confirmed pregnancies, this figure is about 15-20%.

Bleeding during pregnancy

Before looking at some of the photos, it's important to discuss bleeding during pregnancy.
Every fourth woman notices bleeding at an early stage. But bleeding is common in the first 12 weeks and is generally not something to worry about. If the bleeding decreases and goes away in 1-2 days, then it does not indicate a miscarriage. Most often, pregnancy continues and a healthy baby is born.

The bleeding may be red, like during menstruation, or light brown in color. Early bleeding is usually normal and is often a sign that an egg has been implanted into the uterus (implantation bleeding). This usually happens around the estimated date of your period and then stops after a few days.

Exiting clots and tissues during miscarriage by weeks of pregnancy

Pregnancy can be terminated at any stage, but more often it occurs in the first weeks. At an earlier date, during a miscarriage, only blood and clots can be seen, but if a miscarriage occurs after 8 weeks, then there is a possibility of detecting more dense tissues, a sac with an embryo and even a formed fetus.

Please keep in mind that these photographs are only examples, intended to give you a general idea and help you get ready. They do not mean that the embryo or fetus will come out in such a preserved form.

If you're less than 8 weeks pregnant, clots, cramping, and bleeding usually won't even look different from a heavy period (period). At a more difficult period, in addition to clots, you may notice parts of a denser tissue that is placental or other products of conception. Also, you may or may not see tissue that looks like an embryo or fetus.

4 - 5 weeks

The experiences of other women

Taken from a foreign women's forum on pregnancy:

I am 10 weeks pregnant and 2 days ago I went for an ultrasound scan, because a little blood came out. They said my baby died at 8 weeks and 5 days. I decided not to have an operation to remove the baby, but to wait for a natural miscarriage. The thought of what I can see scares me, but can I really say that the baby came out? I had a miscarriage 7 years ago, and I was 6 weeks pregnant, when it came out, it looked like a blood clot. I'm so upset that I still had a miscarriage, and I get worse from panic every time I go to the toilet when I see something.

“After eight weeks, my pregnancy symptoms just disappeared overnight. Then I started to bleed, so I called the doctor. He told me to rest, but I got really bad spasms and came out with quite large clots. Then the bleeding suddenly stopped. I knew I had a miscarriage and my period returned after about 6 weeks. I was able to conceive a child again and the next pregnancy was successful. "

The threat of termination of pregnancy is often referred to as simply "threat" by both doctors and patients. Will this state lead to sad events or can they be avoided? Most often, it depends not only on the timeliness and literacy of the doctors' actions, but also on the behavior of the expectant mother herself.

The threat of termination can occur throughout the pregnancy; its reasons can be varied. If this condition occurs on the term before, talking about the threat of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), and on terms from - about the threat of premature birth.

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage

Stomach ache... Regardless of the gestational age, a sign of trouble is cramping or pulling pain in the lower abdomen in the center. In the first trimester, discomfort often occurs in the lateral parts of the abdomen. They are associated with changes in the ligaments of the uterus and have no relation to the threat of termination of pregnancy.

Tension of the muscles of the uterus, which is often referred to as hypertonia... Here it is necessary to distinguish between hypertonicity, diagnosed by ultrasound, and hypertonicity, which the patient herself feels.

Pathological course of pregnancy may be one of the reasons for its interruption. Most often, we are talking about gestosis of pregnant women, in which blood pressure rises, edema appears, protein in the urine. The cause of abortion can be placenta previa, when the placenta is attached in the area of the exit from the uterus: the conditions for the blood supply to the fetus in this case are worse than if the placenta is attached in the middle or upper part of the uterus. These conditions lead to premature birth in the second half of pregnancy.

Acute inflammatory and general infectious diseases, such as tonsillitis, flu, viral hepatitis, appendicitis, pyelonephritis, causing fever, impaired blood circulation between the mother and the fetus under the influence of toxins, can lead to termination of pregnancy at any time.

Chronic diseases of the expectant mother, which she has even before pregnancy, especially diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, heart defects), diseases of the kidneys and other organs can cause termination of pregnancy at any time. In these cases, the likelihood of complications depends on the severity of the chronic disease.

Trauma, such as bruises, fractures, concussions, especially abdominal trauma, can lead to termination of pregnancy. In this regard, head injuries deserve special attention. Even those concussions and bruises of the brain, which a woman suffered even before pregnancy, can lead to the threat of miscarriage and premature birth. This is due to the fact that one of the structures of the brain is the main endocrine gland - the pituitary gland, which regulates the work of other organs that ensure the normal course of pregnancy. With "fresh" and chronic injuries to the brain, blood circulation and the pituitary gland can be disrupted, which will lead to a failure in ensuring pregnancy.

Stress, to which many are inclined to attribute a fatal role during pregnancy, in themselves, as a rule, are not a reason for the threat of termination of pregnancy: they can only become a predisposing factor in the presence of the above reasons.

Treatment of threatened miscarriage

With the threat of termination of pregnancy, a woman is recommended to stay in bed, that is, her physical activity is reduced to a minimum. Sometimes a pregnant woman is not allowed to get out of bed at all.

Naturally, the probability of losing a child causes anxiety and fear in a woman, which does not contribute to the preservation of pregnancy. Therefore, at any time, with the threat of termination of pregnancy, sedatives are prescribed - valerian or motherwort. You can help yourself to calm down. To do this, you need to try to relax, in whatever position you are (lying or sitting), and think about something pleasant, even if it seems that there is nothing good in life at the moment. For example, you can imagine a baby.

If the threat of termination of pregnancy occurs in the first trimester, then, as a rule, hormonal drugs are prescribed that contribute to the normal course of pregnancy. These include drugs that have the effect of progesterone (dyufaston, urozhestan, etc.), as well as drugs used for and immune causes of the threat of termination of pregnancy (dexamethasone, metipred).

If, during examination and ultrasound examination, a failure is found, then stitches are applied to the cervix, which "do not release" the ovum. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. At the same time, the woman is injected with drugs that relax the uterus.

Since the threat of interruption, drugs have been used to relax the uterus. These are drugs from different pharmacological groups, but they are united by the fact that they relieve spasm of the uterine muscles (sulfate, ginipral, partusisten, etc.). Medicines are most often given with a dropper.

In the presence of bloody discharge in a pregnant woman, hemostatic drugs are used. If necessary, treatment of infectious, inflammatory, chronic diseases of internal organs is carried out.

In conclusion, I would like to say that most situations in which there is a threat of termination of pregnancy can be avoided. To do this, before pregnancy or at the very beginning, you need to determine if there are any reasons that can lead to this complication of pregnancy. But you should not take the diagnosis "threatened abortion" as a sentence. By contacting a doctor in time, you will provide your baby with favorable conditions for further growth and development.

Valentina Remizova,
obstetrician-gynecologist

By the middle of the third month of waiting for the baby, the expectant mother is already quite accustomed to her position and takes all the changes that are happening to her for granted. Outwardly, no special changes were noticed compared to the previous week, but for the baby they are quite significant. What happens to him at the 10th week of pregnancy, and what does mom feel?

Fetus at 10 weeks gestation

The 10th obstetric week is 9 full obstetric weeks or 7 full fetal weeks. Very soon, the gynecologist will begin to call the embryo a fetus, but for the expectant mother this is insignificant: for her, a "baby" lives in the tummy from the first days.

Size and weight

The child has already grown significantly. In length, it can reach 3-4 centimeters and weigh about 4 grams. Now there is an intensive growth and development of the future man, the formation of internal organs, functional systems of the body continues.

What is developing in the tenth week?

The placenta is already intensively forming, and "on the fly" takes over the reproduction of hormones. The heart of the baby now has 4 chambers, the main blood vessels are practically formed. The brain grows, eyes, arms, legs continue to develop. The development of the intestines and the respiratory system continues. The baby already has an anus, and the kidneys produce urine.

10 obstetric week is important in that this is the moment the formation of the reproductive organs (ovaries or testicles) begins. And now the baby is moving inside the mother, however, she still does not feel it.

What does a baby look like?

The child is becoming more and more like a man. The rudiment-tail has already disappeared from him, the arms and legs are "unstuck" from the body, bend at the joints, fingers are formed on them. On the face, the tip of the nose stands out and there are already the rudiments of the eyelids. It is not yet possible to find out the sex of the child. However, the next screening at 12 weeks is already able to show who the mother is wearing under her heart - a son or a daughter.

Sensations at the 10th week of pregnancy

What's new about 10 obstetric week of pregnancy for a woman?

Physiological changes in a woman

The beginning of the third month of pregnancy is not yet noticeable changes in the appearance of the expectant mother for every look. But she herself notices these changes. Veins in the legs and abdomen may become visible due to the increased volume of blood circulating. However, red blood cells are not produced as quickly as plasma, and due to the lack of the former, the woman feels weak and quickly gets tired.

If the toxicosis is not very exhausting, and the appetite does not decrease, then by week 10 a woman can gain up to 2 kilograms in weight. The belly is still not very noticeable, and a special “pregnant” wardrobe is not required.

How does the uterus react in the tenth week of pregnancy?

At 9 full weeks of obstetric term, the uterus has noticeably increased in size. Now she is 8-10 centimeters high. Now the baby in the uterus is reliably protected from external influences by a cork - a clot of mucus that closes the cervix. The cork will stay in place until delivery.

You can already start doing Kegel exercises - this will prepare the uterus for childbirth, make the muscles of the vagina elastic and elastic. However, with hypertonicity of the uterus, such activities are prohibited!

Breast 10 weeks pregnant

Some women notice that their chest pains stopped at 10 weeks of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that the hormonal "boom" slowed down somewhat. The breasts may become noticeably larger and heavier. The nipples and areolas take on a darker shade. Large veins may come out. Now is the time to start preparing for lactation: "harden" the breast, otherwise the sensitivity of the nipples can cause severe pain when the baby starts eating. The chest should be washed with water at room temperature and the nipples should be rubbed with a waffle towel.

Nauseous at 10 weeks of gestation

Nausea is still troubling in the morning on an empty stomach. The culprit is hormones that have a relaxing effect on the intestinal muscles. To avoid unpleasant sensations, it is worth eating often and in small portions; it is better to take breakfast in bed. It is recommended to lie down for a while after each meal. Drinking will help from frequent nausea - water or sour fruit drinks, juices, tea with mint saves well. Many women benefit from frequent brushing or mouthwash with breath fresheners. Vomiting more than 5-10 times a day is a possible reason for hospitalization, as it can provoke dehydration.

Discharge at 10 weeks of gestation

Normally, at the 10th week of pregnancy, vaginal discharge can change color and consistency - it becomes thinner or thicker than usual. This is due to hormonal effects. However, there should be no blood impurities in them.

An unpleasant odor and cheesy consistency of vaginal discharge can be symptoms of vaginosis or thrush. This is a reason for a premature visit to the doctor! Fortunately, there are enough safe drugs for these ailments today, and the doctor will select the optimal course of treatment.

Sometimes it can be intimidating to quickly get wet laundry or panty liners. The reason is urine leakage. The pressure on the bladder increases due to the growing uterus, and the muscles of the bladder itself weaken. Sneezing or laughing aggravates the hypotonia of the muscles, and urine may leak slightly.

Features of IVF pregnancy

IVF is an assisted reproductive technology that has helped many couples with infertility. The main difference between IVF and normal pregnancy is that conception occurs outside the female body, and the embryo is transferred to the uterus at the age of 2 to 5 days. But according to statistics, only a third of women carry IVF babies before delivery.

7 full embryonic weeks of IVF pregnancy are characterized by the same intensity of development of the embryonic organs as in natural pregnancy, however, with hormonal support with progesterone-containing drugs. If there are no complications, a woman can register with an antenatal clinic, although many expectant mothers prefer observation by their reproductive specialists.

Features of multiple pregnancy

Multiple pregnancies - pregnancy with twins or more - are diagnosed at the first ultrasound scan, however, if it has not yet been performed, the doctor can detect it during a manual examination of the patient - the uterus is usually larger in size than it should be for a period of 9-10 weeks. The hCG test will also help to confirm the fact of multiple pregnancies - the hormone in the blood will be significantly higher than normal.

Pregnancy with more than one child is considered a high-risk pregnancy and requires special monitoring. The mother should be prepared that she will have to attend the consultation more often. In the first trimester, such a pregnancy carries few more complications than a singleton pregnancy.

Problems in the tenth week of pregnancy

Toxicosis

Symptoms of toxicosis may still not leave the pregnant woman. However, by this time the majority of women had already adapted to the peculiarities of their well-being and learned how to correct them.

Weakness and dizziness are due to a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). If the pressure is low all the time, the baby does not receive enough oxygen. Against the background of hypotension, migraine may develop. There are only a limited number of medications that can be treated for headaches, and these should be recommended by a doctor. The best remedy for migraines is sleep, at least for a short time.

Toxicosis usually goes away after 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Diarrhea and constipation

Constipation often plagues pregnant women. They pose a danger, and a very significant one. So, for example, against the background of constipation, it is possible to develop hemorrhoids, painful cracks in the rectum, and even the threat of miscarriage.

For constipation, the main and safe remedy is an adequate intake of fluids and food rich in dietary fiber. A laxative can only be recommended by a doctor, since it is difficult to independently choose a drug without contraindications. In no case should you resort to enemas - they cause contraction of the uterus! Sometimes you can use glycerin suppositories - this remedy is safe.

But there is also the opposite problem - diarrhea.

If diarrhea is a manifestation of an eating disorder, it is quite simple to eliminate it, "fixing" products will help:

crackers;
millet, rice porridge;
baked apples;
lean meat broth soups;
low-fat cottage cheese.

From folk remedies, a decoction or jelly blueberry and bird cherry, a compote of their dry pears, an infusion of pomegranate peel help well. At the same time, it is important to control the water-salt balance: you need to drink a rehydration solution prepared from a liter of water, 6 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt. It is possible to take prebiotics. If diarrhea is caused by infectious diseases, you must go to a hospital.

Heartburn

Many pregnant women suffer from heartburn, and not only at the 10th week of pregnancy. Heartburn occurs due to the effect of gastric juice on the lining of the esophagus, resulting in a burning sensation behind the breastbone - a rather unpleasant sensation.

Heartburn can be due to the effects of hormones during pregnancy, and it is also caused by certain foods (sour foods, pickles, fried, brown bread, and others). It is necessary to adjust nutrition, a gynecologist can give practical advice, but you may need to consult a gastroenterologist, since sometimes heartburn is a symptom of very serious gastrointestinal diseases.

Stomach hurts and pulls

Abdominal pain during pregnancy in the first trimester is different. Small stretching at the bottom with rebound on the sides can be caused by the stretching of the uterus. Such pains are of a fickle nature, without bleeding and a general deterioration in the condition of the expectant mother. Sometimes an eating disorder can be the cause.

But the stomach at 10 weeks of gestation sometimes hurts for more serious reasons, for example, when:

hypertonicity of the uterus;
threatened miscarriage;
ectopic pregnancy;
trauma to the abdomen.

If the pain is persistent, accompanied by bleeding, fever, fainting - this is a reason for immediate medical attention!

Bleeding at 10 weeks gestation

Why does it bleed at 9 obstetric weeks? It is no longer possible to confuse bleeding with menstruation, the embryo has long been entrenched in the uterus, therefore, implantation bleeding is already a thing of the past. What are the possible reasons?

Sometimes it can slightly “smear” after a gynecological examination in a chair or an ultrasound scan with a vaginal sensor. Such discharge is caused by minor damage to the inner layer of the vaginal epidermis. In addition, it can bleed if a woman has not healed the previously formed erosion before pregnancy. The presence of polyps or cysts in the vagina is another possible cause of bleeding. As a rule, this does not pose a threat of termination of pregnancy. But the reasons can be more serious. For example:

cystic drift is the degeneration of chorionic cells into vesicles, in which the embryo dissolves, however, pregnancy symptoms persist, but abdominal pain, increased pressure and bleeding are symptoms when an ultrasound scan is required;
frozen pregnancy;
ectopic pregnancy;
threatening abortion.

Any suspicious vaginal discharge is a reason for immediate medical attention!

Ectopic pregnancy

A fairly common pathology is an ectopic pregnancy, in which the embryo does not attach to the wall of the uterus, but in the fallopian tube, less often in the ovary, in the abdominal cavity or in the cervical canal of the uterus. At seven embryonic weeks, the embryo is already quite large, it grows, and the fallopian tube expands, which can cause severe pain and fainting in a woman. If measures are not taken in time, it can result in pipe rupture. In this case, the woman has no chances of having a child; the extraction of the embryo is a prerequisite for the preservation of her life and further reproductive capacity.

Threat of miscarriage at 10 weeks of gestation

The middle of the third obstetric month of pregnancy is still a rather disturbing period of gestation. The threat of miscarriage mainly arises from a lack of progesterone or from an increased tone of the uterus. An experienced gynecologist will certainly notice if there is a threat, but the woman herself should not be silent about suspicious symptoms.

Another reason for the threat of miscarriage at the beginning of the fourth obstetric month is ICI - isthmic-cervical insufficiency. With this diagnosis, the cervix becomes shorter and opens slightly, and the lower region of the ovum lends itself to infection, the elasticity of the membranes is lost, which can lead to fetal death. In this case, a woman is able to not experience pain at all. The doctor should detect the problem during examination, and ultrasound allows to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis of ICI increases the chance of delivering a baby and giving birth to him without pathologies. Treatment consists of conservative or surgical methods. Surgical treatment is carried out either by suturing or by placing a special ring on the cervix.

The mother's age is an important indicator for the normal course of pregnancy. The older the woman, the higher the risk of miscarriage. However, the obstetric 10th week of pregnancy (from conception - the eighth) is a kind of milestone, when it is left behind, the risk of natural termination of pregnancy is sharply reduced.

Frozen pregnancy at 10 weeks

When a pregnancy is desired, its termination is a real psychological blow for a woman. One of the indications for medical termination is a frozen pregnancy. With such a diagnosis, the initially normally developing gestation stops for any reason, the fetus stops growing and dies. However, a spontaneous miscarriage may not happen. Sometimes a woman carries a dead fetus inside for quite a long time, unaware of it, because the symptoms of a progressive pregnancy can persist.

However, the diagnosis can be confirmed by:

blood test for hCG - the indicator of the concentration of the hormone will be low for the expected duration of pregnancy and its growth will stop;
Ultrasound, which will show the lack of dynamics of the development of the embryo.

The most likely causes of pregnancy fading are genetic mutations or infections. The likelihood of a successful pregnancy in a subsequent pregnancy increases after a thorough examination of both partners and, if necessary, appropriate treatment.

Termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks

The risk of termination of pregnancy haunts women from 5 obstetric weeks, and it still exists at 9 full fetal weeks. According to statistics, up to 25% of planned pregnancies end with natural termination. Sometimes the reasons lie in the wrong lifestyle of a woman who abuses alcohol, nicotine or drugs. A miscarriage can occur due to physical overload, stress, due to an infectious disease suffered by a pregnant woman.

But most often a spontaneous abortion occurs due to:

gross malformations of the embryo;
anomalies in the development of a woman's uterus;
dysfunction of the endocrine system of the mother;
lack of progesterone.

An abortion can be prescribed by a gynecologist if there are good indications for that. Some women are able to make the decision to terminate a pregnancy on their own, resorting to medical or surgical abortion, and for a period of 9 full weeks they are fully entitled to this. There are still debates about the ethical and religious side of this issue, but it is illegal to condemn a failed mother for this step.

Colds. SARS, fever, flu. Can antibiotics be used?

Antibiotics are, of course, irreplaceable drugs, but they have many contraindications. Pregnancy is one of them for most drugs. And especially this taboo applies to the first trimester, but since it is not known for certain when the formation of fetal organs is completed, antibiotics are not recommended until the end of the fifth month of pregnancy. But what if the disease attacked - drinking decoctions recommended by traditional medicine to no avail, and then dealing with complications, or taking a risk and taking a pill?

The table below shows the most famous antibiotic therapy that has indications and absolute contraindications for admission during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Indications for use at the 10th obstetric week of pregnancy	Name of the drug (active ingredient)	Possible complications
Safe according to indications	Penicillin	not identified
	Ampicillin
	Cephalosporin
Prescribed for obvious indications	Erythromycin	not known
	Azithromycin
	Vancomycin
	Fusidic acid
Not recommended	Rifampicin	impaired liver function of the mother and fetus
	Tetracycline	violation of the fetal skeletal system
	Sulfamylanide (for Streptocid tablets)	possible violation of embryonic development, mutations (studies were carried out on animals)

In fact, the 10th obstetric week of pregnancy is not a reason to jeopardize a woman's health by refusing effective drugs. There are antibiotics allowed for this period. But there is one condition: their reception is possible only according to indications!

Food poisoning - what to do?

Despite the fact that during pregnancy a woman must carefully monitor her diet, no one is immune from food poisoning. But if under normal circumstances you can use a whole list of drugs for poisoning, what should the expectant mother do?

You should definitely seek medical help, because vomiting and diarrhea that have opened due to poisoning can cause dehydration, and intoxication is dangerous for a child. Before the ambulance arrives, it is necessary to rinse the stomach, take sorbents and ensure bed rest.

Toxoplasmosis at 10 weeks of gestation

With intrauterine infection at 10 weeks, there is a risk of developing pathologies that are incompatible with life. The chance that the fetus will become infected is approximately 30% of all maternal cases.

Analyzes and examinations

Ultrasound at 10 weeks of gestation

An ultrasound scan at 10 weeks of obstetric time can be prescribed for:

pathology of pregnancy;
threatened miscarriage;
multiple or IVF pregnancy.

However, unscheduled ultrasounds, according to some experts, can carry a potential risk to the fetus, therefore, without special instructions, one should not engage in diagnostics once again.

HCG at 10 weeks gestation

Perhaps, right now, hCG has reached its peak, and from this week its level will gradually decline. The maximum concentration of the hormone in the blood at week 10 is 290,000 mIU / ml.

If the hormone is still growing, this may indicate:

multiple pregnancies;
Down syndrome in a child;
overstated pregnancy.

The situation is clarified by ultrasound and additional laboratory blood tests.

Progesterone rate

Progesterone is an essential hormone that helps support the development of your baby. Lack of progesterone leads to pathologies of pregnancy, and, as a rule, causes a threat of miscarriage or spontaneous abortion.

By the 10th week of obstetric term, the progesterone content is normally 23-28 ng / ml.

The lack of progesterone is compensated by the additional intake of hormonal drugs: Utrozhestan (orally and / or intravaginally) or Duphaston and their analogues.

Endometrium at 10 weeks of gestation

If, for successful implantation, the embryo needs the endometrium to be at least 7 millimeters thick, but as the embryo grows, the endometrium must also thicken. In the first trimester, its thickness is normal - 15-20 millimeters.

However, the endometrium thickens not only with a normal pregnancy - with some pathologies, for example, with an ectopic pregnancy, the endometrium still continues to grow.

The tenth week of pregnancy can bring a mother both satisfaction from her appearance and upset.

Mom's beauty and health: skin care, hair, nails

Now, under the influence of hormones, the skin of a pregnant woman becomes smooth and elastic. However, acne breakouts are not uncommon. Acne often accompanies the mother until the very birth. According to popular belief, the deterioration in appearance is due to the fact that a girl develops in the mother's belly, "stealing" her beauty. However, from a medical point of view, the cause of acne is exactly the opposite: when carrying a boy due to an excess of male hormones, the body reacts with skin rashes.

The mother's skin now needs special care: to prevent stretch marks that especially attack the breasts, thighs and abdomen, it is worth using special creams or ordinary cosmetic oils. It is not recommended to visit the solarium!

Hair now delights mom more than ever - they have become softer and more obedient, they stopped falling out and chopped at the ends. Many are afraid to visit a hairdresser, however, the harm from hair coloring to the fetus has not been proven.

If in doubt, you can replace the usual dyes with natural ones, basma or henna, or even postpone the dyeing. But the perm should be abandoned!

Manicure at the 10th week of pregnancy is not contraindicated, but it is better not to do nail extension. It is worth visiting only trusted, trustworthy masters - there are often cases of infection with a fungus and even HIV precisely through manicure tools.

Sex at 10 weeks pregnant

Despite the fact that a woman may be more attracted to a man, at 10 weeks of pregnancy, sex is dangerous if:

there is a threat of miscarriage (especially with IVF or multiple pregnancy);
the uterus is in good shape;
there is a doctor's prescription.

If all is well with the health of the expectant mother, then intimacy will benefit her - positive emotions are very important now.

Sometimes couples experience some embarrassment at the realization that someone else is present during their lovemaking. However, in fact, the child practically does not feel any hesitation - it is protected by the amniotic fluid and the wall of the uterus. And during an orgasm that a woman experiences, due to the flow of blood to the pelvic organs, the baby receives more oxygen.

Sports at 10 weeks of gestation

Sports other than swimming are a risk factor for termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks. Strength exercises and sports such as wrestling (karate, boxing, and so on), running, and jumping pose a particular threat.

Relaxation exercises and breathing techniques have a positive effect on pregnancy. You can use static stretching exercises for the muscles (especially the dorsal).

Travel: removals and flights

Due to the woman's still unstable condition and the high risk of miscarriage, it is better to postpone long and tiring trips until at least 18 weeks of pregnancy. If the expectant mother suffers from toxicosis and hypotension, flights can adversely affect the course of pregnancy.

The best options for recreation at this time are sanatorium or resort ones without a noticeable change in climate and time zones.

Diet in the tenth week of pregnancy

Due to the manifestation of toxicosis, the expectant mother sometimes does not want to eat at all, but it is still necessary to take food. And the opposite problem may arise - an excessively high appetite. Overeating is not worth it! It is best to take food often (every 3-4 hours) in portions of about 150-250 grams.

What you can't eat

So that there are no problems with digestion and the baby does not get "harmful", and the mother feels good, it is worth excluding or limiting from the diet:

coffee;
milk chocolate;
smoked meats;
marinades and pickles;
blue cheeses, smoked and very salty;
soda;
whole milk;
meat and fish products of insufficient heat treatment: sushi, lightly salted fish, steak with blood, and so on;
citruses.

Do not eat foods with carcinogens, artificial colors and flavors, or high in preservatives.

What you can eat

A balanced diet is the key to the well-being of both mother and child. How should mom eat?

The basis of the food pyramid of a pregnant woman at 10 weeks should be cereals and cereals (cereals, bread, pasta). Vegetables and fruits, vegetable proteins (nuts, seeds) are the next "floor" of the pyramid: there should be enough of them in the mother's daily menu. A slightly smaller part should be seafood, fish, meat and poultry. This is followed by dairy products, preferably fermented milk and cottage cheese. In general, the daily food requirement of a pregnant woman can be traced from the table.

Supplements, vitamins

The end of the ninth, the beginning of the tenth week of pregnancy is a period of special need for both the mother's body and the fetus for vitamins and minerals. Even the most balanced diet is not able to cover the need for them. So, for example, iodine, which is important for the endocrine system of mothers and children, is not enough for all pregnant women, unless, of course, they live on the seaside. And folic acid from food is practically not absorbed, and in fact it is necessary for the formation of the nervous system of the fetus. Calcium also comes from food in an insignificant amount, and the skeletal system of the mother and the baby suffers from its lack. Vitamin C is also needed, which is important in the hematopoietic system and the immune system, and it is destroyed during the heat treatment of fruits and vegetables. How to be?

Vitamin and mineral complexes for pregnant women will help. It is rather difficult to choose them because of the variety of manufacturers and prices. However, the doctor will advise the best option, taking into account the needs and requirements of each patient in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Is alcohol allowed?

Do you think a little beer or a sip of wine early in your pregnancy is safe? This is not true!

Alcoholic embryophetopathy affects up to 50% of newborns born to mothers who abuse alcohol.

"For a child, the very conception in a state of alcoholic intoxication is already dangerous," warns the author of a textbook on neonatology, Professor L. P. Shabalov. "These children have lower intelligence, neuroses, visual and hearing impairments, and high aggressiveness are more common."

Children, whose mothers consumed alcohol in the first weeks after conception, already in utero suffer from a deficiency of folic acid and vitamin E, zinc and oxygen. As a result, the synthesis of proteins and DNA is inhibited, the development of the brain slows down, and pathologies of the cardiovascular system and internal organs develop. In addition, such children are more prone to deformities: they can be born with an asymmetry of the face, a cleft palate or cleft lip, with underdeveloped fingers (spliced) or with muscle hypotonia. The risk of cerebral palsy and oligophrenia increases. At the same time, the mother is not always to blame - it is often enough that the father was drunk at the time of conception.

The tenth obstetric week of pregnancy is a relatively calm stage in a woman's life. Now there is still no particular fatigue from work, the body has not undergone significant changes that require a change of wardrobe, toxicosis is slowly receding. You should beware of physical overload, reconsider your diet and enjoy every day that brings new sensations and joy from the realization of the upcoming motherhood.

Miscarriage classification

Spontaneous miscarriages can be classified according to many characteristics.

Of practical interest are classifications based on differences in gestational age, the degree of miscarriage (pathogenetic sign) and clinical course.

Spontaneous - miscarriages are distinguished:

By gestational age: a) early - in the first 12-16 weeks of pregnancy, b) late - in 16-28 weeks of pregnancy.
According to the degree of development: a) threatening, b) beginning, c) in progress, d) incomplete, e) complete, f) failed. If spontaneous miscarriages are repeated during subsequent pregnancies one after another, they speak of a habitual miscarriage.
According to the clinical course: a) uninfected (non-febrile), b) infected (febrile).

At the heart of pathogenesis spontaneous miscarriage may be the primary death of the ovum during toxicosis of pregnancy, acute and chronic infections, cystic drift, etc. In such cases, reactive changes in the body of a pregnant woman usually occur, entailing contractions of the uterus with the subsequent expulsion of the dead ovum. In other cases, reflex uterine contractions occur primarily and precede the death of the ovum (secondary death of the ovum), which occurs from a disruption in the connection of the ovum with the maternal body due to detachment of the placenta from its bed. Finally, both of these factors, i.e., uterine contractions and egg death, can be observed simultaneously.

Until 4 weeks of gestation, the ovum is still so small that it occupies an insignificant place in the total mass of the falling off shell. By contractions of the uterus from its cavity, the falling membrane can be completely or partially removed. If that part of the membrane in which the egg is implanted is removed from the uterine cavity, a spontaneous miscarriage occurs, which the pregnant woman either does not notice at all, or takes it for heavy menstrual bleeding. When a part of the falling membrane that does not contain the ovum is removed, the egg can continue its development after the cessation of contractions. In such cases, a small amount of bleeding from the pregnant uterus can even be mistaken for menstruation, especially since a small amount of discharge, like menstruation, sometimes occurs in the first month of pregnancy. Further observation of the pregnant woman reveals the true picture.

If the contractions of the uterus precede the death of the ovum and cause it to detach from the bed in the decidua basalis area, where a rich vascular system is developed, there is a short but heavy bleeding, quickly exsanguinating the patient, especially if half or rion has exfoliated.

The closer the implanted egg is to the inner os of the uterus, the more bleeding. This is explained by the lesser contractility of the isthmus of the uterus in comparison with its body.
Sometimes the ovum of early pregnancy exfoliates completely and, having overcome the obstacle from the internal uterine pharynx, descends into the cervical canal. If at the same time the external pharynx turns out to be impassable for the egg, it seems to get stuck in the canal of the cervix and stretches its walls, and the cervix takes a barrel-shaped appearance. This form of miscarriage is called a cervical abortion (abortus cervicalis).

A miscarriage in late pregnancy (after 16 weeks) proceeds in the same way as premature birth: first, the uterine pharynx opens with a wedging of the fetal bladder into it, then the fetal bladder is opened, the birth of the fetus and, finally, the detachment and birth of the placenta. In multiparous women, the membranes often remain intact, and after the opening of the uterine pharynx, the entire ovum is born entirely at the same time.

Types of miscarriage

Depending on what was found during the examination, your doctor may name the type of miscarriage you have:

Risk of miscarriage. If you are bleeding, but the cervix has not begun to open, then this is only a threat of miscarriage. After rest, these pregnancies often continue without further problems.
Inevitable miscarriage (abortion in progress). If you are bleeding, the uterus contracts and the cervix is dilated, a miscarriage is inevitable.
Incomplete miscarriage. If some of the tissues of the fetus or placenta have come out, and some remain in the uterus, this is an incomplete miscarriage.
Failed miscarriage. The tissues of the placenta and embryo remain in the uterus, but the fetus has died or did not form at all.
Complete miscarriage. If all the tissues associated with pregnancy have come out, this is a complete miscarriage. This is common for miscarriages occurring before 12 weeks of age.
Septic miscarriage. If you develop a uterine infection, it is a septic miscarriage. Urgent treatment may be required.

Causes of miscarriage

Most miscarriages occur because the fetus does not develop normally. Abnormalities in the genes and chromosomes of the child are usually the result of accidental errors during the division and growth of the embryo - not inherited from the parents.

Some examples of anomalies:

Dead egg (anembryonia). This is a fairly common occurrence and is responsible for nearly half of miscarriages in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Occurs when only the placenta and membranes develop from the fertilized egg, but no embryo.
Intrauterine fetal death (frozen pregnancy). In this situation, the embryo is there, but it dies before any symptoms of miscarriage appear. This also happens due to genetic abnormalities in the fetus.
Bubble drift. Bladder motility, also called trophoblastic pregnancy disease, is uncommon. This is an abnormality of the placenta associated with abnormalities at the time of fertilization. In doing so, the placenta develops into a rapidly growing cystic mass in the uterus, which may or may not contain an embryo. If the embryo is still there, it will not reach maturity.

In some cases, a woman's health condition can play a role. Untreated diabetes, thyroid disease, infections, hormonal imbalances can sometimes lead to miscarriage. Other factors that increase the risk of miscarriage are as follows:

Age. Women over 35 have a higher risk of miscarriage than young women. At 35, the risk is about 20%. At 40, about 40%. At 45 - about 80%. The age of the father may also play a role.

There are all sorts of reasons for miscarriages:

Chromosomal abnormalities. During fertilization, the sperm and the egg are brought into the future zygote by 23 chromosomes and a set of 23 carefully selected pairs of chromosomes is created. This is a complex process, and the slightest disruption can lead to a genetic abnormality that will stop the growth of the embryo. Research has shown that most miscarriages are genetically based. The older the woman, the more likely such anomalies are.

Hormonal imbalance... About 15% of miscarriages are mediated by hormonal imbalances. For example, insufficient progesterone levels can prevent the embryo from implanting into the uterine wall. Your doctor can diagnose the imbalance with an endometrial biopsy, this procedure is usually done at the end of the menstrual cycle to assess ovulation and development of the lining of the uterus. As a treatment, hormonal drugs are used that stimulate the development of the embryo.

Diseases of the uterus... Fibroids in the uterus can cause miscarriage; such tumors tend to grow on the outer wall of the uterus and are not dangerous. If they are located inside the uterus, they can interfere with the implantation of the embryo or blood flow to the fetus. Some women are born with a uterine septum, a rare defect that can lead to miscarriage. The septum is a tissue wall that divides the uterus in two. Another reason may be scarring on the surface of the uterus, as a result of surgery or abortion. This extra tissue can interfere with the implantation of the embryo and also obstruct blood flow to the placenta. A doctor can detect these scars with X-rays, and most of them are healed.

Chronic diseases... Autoimmune diseases, heart disease, kidney disease or liver disease, diabetes are examples of disorders that result in approximately 6% of miscarriages. If you have a chronic medical condition, find an obstetrician / gynecologist who specializes in managing pregnancy for these women.

Heat... No matter how healthy a woman is normally, if you have a high fever (above 39 ° C) in the early stages, this pregnancy may end in miscarriage. An elevated temperature is especially dangerous for an embryo up to 6 weeks of age.

Miscarriage in the 1st trimester

During this period, miscarriages are very common, in about 15-20% of cases. In most cases, they are caused by an abnormality of fertilization, which causes an abnormality in the chromosomes of the fetus, making it unviable. This is a natural selection mechanism that does not imply anomalies on either the mother or the father.

Physical activity has nothing to do with it. Therefore, you should not blame yourself for the fact that, for example, you did not get enough rest, nor should you feel responsible for it. A miscarriage that occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy does not require further special examination, except in cases of two or three consecutive spontaneous abortions.

Miscarriage in the 2nd trimester

From 13 to 24 weeks of amenorrhea, miscarriages occur much less often - about 0.5%) and, as a rule, are triggered by an infection or abnormal opening (gaping) of the cervix. For prevention purposes, cerclage can be done, and in case of infection, antibiotics can be drunk.

What does not cause a miscarriage

Such daily activities do not provoke a miscarriage:

Physical exercises.
Lifting loads or physical exertion.
Having sex.
Substance-free work: Some studies show that the risk of miscarriage increases when the partner is over 35, and the older the father, the greater.
More than two previous miscarriages. The risk of miscarriage is higher if the woman has had two or more miscarriages. After one miscarriage, the risk is the same as if you haven't had a miscarriage yet.
Smoking, alcohol, drugs. Women who smoke and drink alcohol during pregnancy have a greater risk of miscarriage than nonsmokers and non-alcohol users. Drugs also increase the risk of miscarriage.
Invasive antenatal examinations. Certain prenatal genetic tests, such as chorionic villi or amniotic fluid, may increase the risk of miscarriage.

Symptoms and signs of a spontaneous miscarriage

Metrorrhagia (vaginal bleeding that occurs outside of menstruation) or palpable contractions of the pelvic muscles are often the first signs of miscarriage. However, bleeding is not always a symptom of a miscarriage: it is often a disorder in the 1st trimester (it affects one woman in four); in most cases, pregnancy continues unhindered.

Threatened miscarriage (abortus imminens) begins either with the destruction of the falling membrane, followed by cramping contractions of the uterus, or with the onset of contractions, followed by bleeding from the uterus - a sign of the incipient detachment of the ovum from its bed. The initial symptom of a threatening miscarriage is, in the first of these options, a slight bleeding, in the second - cramping contractions of the uterus. If the process that has begun does not stop, it goes on to the next stage - to the state of incipient miscarriage.

Thus, the diagnosis of threatened miscarriage is made if there is a sign in pregnancy based on one of the mentioned symptoms - minor cramping pains in the lower abdomen and sacrum and minor bleeding from the uterus (or both symptoms together), provided that there is no shortening of the cervix uterus and dilatation of the uterine pharynx. In a two-handed study performed during contractions, the uterus is indurated, and the induration is retained for some time after the subject has ceased to feel pain from contractions.

Incipient miscarriage (abortus incipiens) .. At this stage of miscarriage, cramping pains in the abdomen and sacrum and blood discharge from the uterus are simultaneously observed; both of these symptoms are more pronounced than in the stage of threatened miscarriage. As with a threatened miscarriage, the cervix is preserved, the external pharynx is closed. Compaction of the uterus during labor is more pronounced than with a threatened miscarriage. If the connection with the uterus is broken only on a small surface of the ovum, for example, in less than one third, its development can continue and the pregnancy is sometimes carried to the end.

As the process progresses, the contractions intensify and become painful, as in childbirth; bleeding also increases. The cervix is shortened, the pharynx gradually opens, up to the size necessary for the passage of the ovum. With a vaginal examination, due to the opening of the cervical canal, an examining finger can be introduced into it, which gropes here for parts of the exfoliated ovum. This stage in the development of miscarriage is called abortion in progress (abortus progrediens). The fertilized egg in such cases is born in part or in whole.

When expelled from the uterine cavity, only a part of the ovum speaks of incomplete miscarriage (abortus incom-pletus). In such cases, the main symptoms are: profuse bleeding with large clots, which can lead to acute and severe exsanguination of the patient, and painful contractions. With a two-handed gynecological examination, blood clots are found, often filling the entire vagina, a shortened and softened cervix, patency of the cervical canal along its entire length for one or two fingers; the presence of parts of a detached ovum in the vagina, in the cervical canal and in the lower part of the uterine cavity, if it was not expelled from the uterus before the study, an increase in the body of the uterus, some softening of it (uneven), roundness and soreness, a short contraction of the uterus under the influence of the study and dr.

Complete miscarriage (abortus completus) is said in the case of expulsion of the entire fetal egg from the uterus. With a vaginal examination, it turns out that the uterus has decreased in volume, is dense, although the cervical canal is open, the bleeding has stopped, only scant spotting is observed; after 1-2 days, the cervix is restored and the cervical canal is closed. However, although the ovum is expelled from the uterus as if entirely, in the cavity of the latter, there are usually scraps of a falling membrane and villi that have not lost contact with the uterus, etc. repeated two-handed gynecological examination. In all other cases, it is more correct to clinically consider each miscarriage as incomplete.

Failed miscarriage is recognized after clinical observation on the basis of the cessation of the growth of the uterus, which had previously increased in accordance with the gestational age, and then its decrease, the appearance of milk in the mammary glands instead of colostrum, a negative Ashheim-Tsondek reaction (appears no earlier than 1-2 weeks after death of the ovum), minor bloody discharge from the uterus, and sometimes their absence.

One or another stage of miscarriage development (which is of great practical importance) is established on the basis of the mentioned signs of each of them.

The following pathological processes can be complications of a miscarriage.

Acute anemia, which often requires urgent intervention. If a woman who has a miscarriage is healthy in all other respects, especially if the body's compensatory ability is full, then with timely and appropriate measures to combat acute anemia, death from the latter is very rare.
Infection. With miscarriage, a number of conditions are created that favor the development of the septic process. These include: an open uterine pharynx, which makes it possible for microorganisms to enter the uterine cavity from the cervical canal and vagina; blood clots and remnants of the ovum located in the uterine cavity, which serve as a good breeding ground for microorganisms; the naked placental platform, which is an entrance gate that is easily permeable to microorganisms; the exsanguinated state of the patient, which reduces the body's resistance to infection. In each case, it is necessary to establish whether there is an infected (febrile) or uninfected (non-febrile) miscarriage. An infected miscarriage will be indicated by the presence of at least one of the following signs: high fever, palpation or percussion soreness of the abdomen, soreness of the uterus, not associated with its contractions, as well as soreness of its appendages and vaults, admixture of pus to the blood flowing from the uterus, phenomena of general intoxication organism (frequent pulse, depressed or agitated state of the patient, etc.), if they are not caused by other reasons, etc.
Placental polyp. The formation of such a polyp is usually observed in cases where a small part of the placental tissue is retained in the uterine cavity. The blood oozing from the uterine vessels due to insufficient contraction of the uterus gradually permeates the remaining placental tissue, then layers on it, organizes and takes the form of a polyp. The lower pole of the polyp can reach the internal pharynx, which does not completely contract due to the presence of a placental polyp in the uterus (a kind of foreign body). This process is accompanied by a slight bleeding from the uterus, which can last up to several weeks or even months, periodically increasing. The entire uterus contracts poorly. When the polyp reaches a size that irritates the uterus, contractions begin and the bleeding increases.
Malignant degeneration of the epithelium of the chorionic villi retained in the uterus - chorionepithelioma.

Spontaneous miscarriage treatment

The main question that should be resolved at the first examination of a pregnant woman with signs of miscarriage is the possibility of maintaining the pregnancy. With proper care and treatment of a patient with a threatened miscarriage, and somewhat less often with an onset miscarriage, pregnancy can be saved; with the developed picture of miscarriage, pregnancy cannot be saved. Hence follows the doctor's tactics in treating a patient with a spontaneous miscarriage.

Having established the presence of a threatening and incipient miscarriage, the pregnant woman is immediately placed in the maternity hospital, where a medical and protective regime should be organized. The necessary elements of it are bed keeping, physical and mental rest, strengthening faith in maintaining pregnancy (psychotherapy, hypnosis), normal or, if necessary, extended sleep, etc.

Drug treatment is carried out taking into account the identified etiological factors that caused the miscarriage. But since it is in most cases difficult to establish, the drug measures are aimed at increasing the viability of the ovum and eliminating the increased excitability of the uterus. Prescribe sodium bromide (1-2% solution inside, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day), glucose (20 ml of 40% solution intravenously once a day), it is useful for the patient to stay outdoors (in winter, frequent inhalation of oxygen); for infectious etiology, penicillin injections are used (50,000 units every 3 hours) and other drugs; in the presence of contractions - opium preparations (opium tincture 5-10 drops 2-3 times a day by mouth or opium extract 0.015 g in candles - 2-3 candles a day); effective injections of progesterone (5-10 mg daily for 10 days). After that, take a break and, if necessary, repeat the course after 5-10 days. Continuous injections of large doses of progesterone for a long time sometimes have an adverse effect on the course of pregnancy, in particular on the viability of the fetus.

Vitamins A, B 2, C, D, E are also useful. They are prescribed in pure form or products containing these vitamins are recommended: fish oil, brewer's yeast, etc.

The appointment of ergot, ergotine, quinine, pituitrin and other similar hemostatic agents is strictly contraindicated and is a gross medical error, since they increase the contraction of the uterus, and at the same time contribute to further detachment of the ovum.

If these measures do not give the desired effect, bleeding and contractions intensify and the miscarriage proceeds to the next stage - abortion is in progress, it is not possible to maintain the pregnancy. In such cases, in the first 3 months of pregnancy, if there are no contraindications (infected miscarriage), they resort to instrumental emptying of the uterine cavity - removal of the ovum or its remnants from the uterus cavity, followed by curettage.

After 3 months of pregnancy, the patient is prescribed conservative treatment: cold to the lower abdomen, quinine (0.15 g orally every 30-40 minutes, only 4-6 times) and, alternating with it, 0.25 ml pituitrin injections every 30-45 minutes, 4-6 times in total. After the birth of the fetus, the afterbirth, if it is not born on its own, is removed with a finger inserted into the uterine cavity, and its remnants - with the help of curettes.

In the postoperative period, bed maintenance is prescribed, application of cold to the suprapubic area, uterine-reducing agents: liquid ergot extract - 25 drops 2 times a day, ergotine 1 ml intramuscularly 2 times a day, etc. and the patient's health can be discharged 3-5 days after the operation. Before discharge, a thorough general and necessarily special - gynecological (two-handed) - examination should be performed.

Treatment of patients with a syphilized, febrile miscarriage is carried out either strictly conservatively (medications), or actively (operation), or actively and expectantly (elimination of the infection followed by instrumental removal of the remains of the ovum). When choosing a method of patient management, one should be guided by her general condition and the severity of the infectious process.

In this case, a distinction is made between:

uncomplicated infected miscarriage, when only the ovum or ovum is infected, together with the uterus, but the infection has not gone beyond the uterus;
complicated infected miscarriage, when the infection has gone beyond the uterus, but the process has not yet been generalized;
septic miscarriage, when the infection is generalized.

Complicated infectious and septic miscarriage is commonly seen in the case of delinquent fertility intervention.

When treating patients with infected uncomplicated miscarriage, some obstetricians prefer immediate instrumental emptying of the uterine cavity. Another, large, part of obstetricians adheres to an active wait-and-see method: for 3-4 days the patient is prescribed bed rest and drugs that tone the muscles of the uterus (cold on the lower abdomen, inside quinine, pituitrin, ergot preparations, etc.) and aimed at eliminating the infection ( sulfa drugs, antibiotics). After the signs of infection disappear, the uterine cavity is gently emptied by surgery.

Finally, a number of obstetricians prefer strictly conservative management of patients, without any intrauterine intervention. To this end, the above means are supplemented with injections of estrogen hormone, pituitrin or thymophysin, injection of castor oil, etc., in order to stimulate uterine contractions and promote spontaneous expulsion of the remains of the ovum from the uterus. Instrumental emptying of the uterus is resorted to only with severe bleeding that threatens the patient's life.

With any of the listed methods of managing patients with an infected uncomplicated miscarriage, measures are taken to raise the defenses of the patient's body, its tone. This is achieved by good care, a rational diet, easily digestible, high-calorie, containing a sufficient amount of vitamins, and other activities.

Having tested over the years each of the listed methods of treating patients with uncomplicated infectious miscarriage - incomplete and complete, we were convinced of the advantages of the active expectant method. We resort to urgent instrumental emptying of the uterus only in exceptional cases when heavy bleeding from the uterus threatens the patient's life and it is necessary to stop it immediately.

Treatment of patients with complicated infected miscarriage, that is, when the infection has gone beyond the uterus, should only be conservative, since surgical intervention in such cases leads, almost as a rule, to the occurrence of peritonitis or sepsis. Surgical intervention may be necessary only in those exceptional cases when a sharp exsanguination of the patient and incessant bleeding from the uterus pose an immediate threat to the patient's life.

In the treatment of patients with miscarriage, the competing methods are expectant-observational and active - simultaneous instrumental emptying of the uterine cavity.

Given the danger that threatens a pregnant woman with a delay in the uterus of a dead ovum, caused by infection, intoxication, malignant degeneration of villi, etc., one should strive to empty the uterine cavity as soon as the diagnosis of the disease is established with certainty. If miscarriage does not take place, treatment begins with the appointment of agents that stimulate contractions of the uterus and thereby provoke the onset of miscarriage: for 2-3 days, 10,000 units of estrogen is injected daily. After that, 60 g of castor oil is given inside, and after half an hour, hydrochloric quinine 6 times, 0.2 every 30 minutes; after taking the fourth quinine powder, 4 injections of 0.25 ml pituitrin are made every 15 minutes. Then a hot vaginal shower is prescribed, and the temperature of the liquid should not exceed 38 ° for the first time; in the future, it is gradually increased within the patient's endurance. Often, the fetus lingering in the uterus is expelled completely or partially without instrumental intervention, which is resorted to in the future to remove the remnants of the ovum.

Even in those cases when this method of treatment does not lead to the goal, that is, to the expulsion of the fetal egg that has lingered in the uterus, it is useful, since it increases the tone of the muscles of the uterus. This creates favorable conditions for the subsequent surgical removal of the ovum: with a well-contracted uterus, bleeding rarely occurs during and after the operation and there is no perforation of the uterus during the operation.

Treatment for a placental polyp consists in its instrumental removal (curettage).

Prevention of spontaneous miscarriage

Prevention of spontaneous miscarriage should precede or begin with the appearance of its first symptoms. In the antenatal clinic, at the first visit of a pregnant woman, they take on a special account those women who have a history of spontaneous miscarriages or premature births, especially when there were several of them ("habitual miscarriage", "habitual premature birth"), and women with various pathological conditions, which can be the cause of spontaneous miscarriage. Preventive measures include prescribing anti-inflammatory treatment, correcting the wrong position of the uterus, combating pregnancy toxicosis, hypovitaminosis, eliminating and preventing mental and physical trauma; in appropriate cases - prohibition of sexual intercourse during pregnancy, transfer to a lighter type of work, etc.

Pregnant women with a "habitual miscarriage", as well as a threatening miscarriage that has begun, should be placed in a maternity hospital, in a pregnant ward. It is of great importance to strengthen the patient's faith in the possibility of maintaining pregnancy, as well as carrying out therapeutic measures: maintaining rest, prolonged sleep, prescribing progesterone, pain relievers, drugs that reduce the excitability of the uterus, multivitamins, especially vitamin E, etc.

If during childbirth there were deep ruptures of the cervix, its integrity must be restored immediately after childbirth. If this has not been done, then in order to prevent spontaneous miscarriage in the future, plastic surgery on the cervix should be performed before the onset of the next pregnancy - to restore its integrity.