Pension system of the Russian Federation. Pension system of modern Russia The modern pension system of the Russian Federation includes

In accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation, a pension is understood as a monthly cash payment, which is given to citizens in the form of compensation for the lost opportunity to receive earnings due to a number of reasons.

In this case, pensions are divided into 2 types:

Labor pensions, in turn, can be:

1. Old age;
2. Disability;

Old age pension can be received by men aged 60 and over, as well as women aged at least 55 years.

At the same time, a pensioner must have an insurance experience of 5 years or more.

Type 2 retirement pension can be received by disabled people of groups 1, 2 and 3. Its purpose does not depend on the reason for which the disability happened and the time when it was appropriated. In the absence of insurance experience, a disabled person is given a social pension.

The third type of retirement pension can be received by family members who are disabled and were on the deceased. These include, for example, children under the age of 18.

Citizens who are simultaneously entitled to several types of retirement pension receive only one type of pension.

Funds for labor pensions come from the insurance fund. This fund is created at the expense of insurance contributions that are made to this fund in the course of a citizen's labor activity.

Funds for state pensions are taken from the budget. They are appointed according to the criteria specified in a special law.

Such payments include pensions paid to pensioners who were in the civil service, military service, as well as in the service of law enforcement agencies.

History

For the first time, pensions began to be paid in France to seaman officers in 1673, and in 1790 they also began to pay pensions to civil servants there. Pension provision for the population in France appeared in 1910, in Germany in 1890, and in England in 1908. In pre-revolutionary Russia, pensions existed only for certain layers of officials and the military.

In the USSR, the regulation on pensions was adopted in 1930, and in 1932 the current age of pensioners was established.

The system was finally approved in 1956 by the relevant pension law.

Types of pension systems

Pension systems are classified into two types:

• distribution;

Until 2002, pensions in the Russian Federation were paid from the state budget and were of a pay-as-you-go nature, that is, payments made by employers for their employees went to existing pensioners.

From 2002 to 2010, there were three parts to the pension fund:

• basic;
• insurance;
• cumulative.

Currently, there is a pension system in the Russian Federation, which includes two types of funds - part of them is distributed centrally, and part goes to the accumulation fund. The creation of the funded part of the pension fund was associated with the difficulties of providing pensions to all pensioners, whose number is constantly increasing.

As a result insurance premiums can no longer fully provide for the payment of pensions, therefore, funds from the budget are added to them. For example, according to the draft budget for 2016, it was planned to add 810 billion rubles to the pension fund.

The option with the funded part implies that a person will receive two pensions - insurance, which depends on the number of points and their value, and funded, which is determined by the amount of money deposited and their service in pension funds.

The insurance part of the contributions goes to the Russian Pension Fund (PFR), where it is credited to the account of the working citizen. Enrollment takes place in the form of points, which will be used to calculate pension payments when a person retires. These points are indexed every year. This year the cost of 1 point is 74 rubles. 27 kopecks In addition, a fixed payment is added to the insurance part of the pension, which is also indexed every year. In 2015, it is equal to 4380 rubles.

Depending on the employee's desire, the funded part of contributions can go to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation or a non-state pension fund (NPF) chosen by the employee. The FIU can send these funds to the state management company or private management companies (AMC). The NPF also sends the funds received to the management company. Management companies invest the funds received in order to receive dividends and increase pension funds.

The accumulation began in 2002. At the same time, the accumulation fund refers to people born in 1967 or later.

This is due to the fact that the older generation will not be able to accumulate any significant amount to be paid as a pension.

At the same time, for example, in 2012, from the mandatory contribution to the Pension Fund, which is 22% of the salary, 6% was sent to the accumulation fund. The money that goes into the accumulation fund must also be paid to the employee upon retirement.

By a Government decree, from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2016, payments to the accumulation fund were suspended. That is, all 22% of insurance premiums go to the PFR insurance fund. In addition, the FIU was prohibited from sending pension savings to management companies and NPFs. This is obviously due to the difficulties of forming an insurance fund for the payment of pensions, as well as concerns about the safety of this money.

In order to restore the payment of a part of contributions to the accumulation fund in 2017, the citizen had to submit an application to the Pension Fund by the end of last year. In the absence of such a statement, all his contributions will go to the insurance fund.

Pension abroad

USA

In the United States, the average pension is $ 1,350 if the employee has been at least 35 years old. If the experience is less, then the pension is only $ 845. At the same time, up to 40% of Americans contribute money to NPFs.

With an annual contribution of $ 10,000, after 10 years, you can have an addition to your pension of $ 800. In addition, many Americans have a corporate pension supplement that averages $ 500.

For employees, pension contributions are equal to seven and a half percent. The employer pays the same amount.

Sweden

In Sweden, the employer pays 18.5% to the PF. At the same time, 16% is deducted to the insurance part, and 2.5% - to the accumulative part of the fund. People retire at 61. Moreover, if a pensioner continues to work until the age of 67, then 10% is added to him.

The pension is 980 euros. With a small work experience and for a period of 40 years of residence in the country, you can receive a social pension of 750 euros and a housing allowance.

In addition, up to 90% of Swedes receive additional payments from private pension funds, which are funded by companies that thus reward their employees.

Germany

In Germany, pension contributions are 20%, of which the employer pays half. Germans retire at 65. A limitation in the system is that contributions are paid from an amount not exceeding $ 6,000 per month. They usually pay the rest of the premiums to private insurance funds. As a result, the pension can be up to 70% of earnings. But for this you need to have work experience of at least 12 years.

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Today, a broad legislative framework that takes into account any possible nuances determines such an important aspect of the life of every citizen of our country as the state pension system. Russian Federation... The reform that appeared in 2001 concerning pensions contributed to the adoption of the Federal Law on the Necessity of Pension Insurance. Since 2002, the pension system has become the way we know it today.

The structure of the pension system of the Russian Federation

NSthe pension system of the Russian Federation is- is a set of laws, the task of which is to support and organize the regular transmission of Money for persons who have already retired.

The state pension system is divided into three main groups:

• State pension provision. The state organization responsible for the payment of pensions is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Pensions from the state are transferred to citizens from the federal budget, distribution is carried out among narrow sections of the population.
• Mandatory pension insurance. These are payments from the Pension Fund or the Non-State Pension Company. This work pension is provided to most working people. The accumulation of funds is carried out from compulsory insurance contributions, which are transferred by the employer to the FIU.
• Non-state pension provision. This system is run by private Pension Funds and can be individual or corporate. Any person or organization that decides to conclude a separate agreement with an NPF and provide more high level retired life. Such a service is paid for with pension contributions of an individual or a company that provides additional protection for the funds of its employees.

In these three groups, a number of specific features can be established, each individual software works according to certain principles, is able to provide people various options security for retirement.

It is worth paying close attention to the structure of the system for calculating and issuing pensions in the Russian Federation.

How does the state pension system work?

The purpose of state pensions is to accrue the base part:

• labor pensions;
• seniority pensions;
• upon reaching old age;
• due to disability;
• social pension.

State pensions are funded from the federal budget. This is done from the amounts of the unified social tax, for the transfer of which the employer is responsible.

The state pension system consists of two parts:

• state pension provision;
• state pension insurance.

Aspects of compulsory insurance

The main thing in the insurance system, which ensures the mandatory payment of pensions, is the creation of a certain reserve of funds due to the constant transfer of a certain amount by the employer to the employee's personal account:

• in the Pension Fund of Russia;
• at the Non-State Pension Fund.

A citizen's pension savings can be increased as a result of their competent management and through correct investment. In particular, by concluding an agreement with a non-state pension fund, and in addition, as a result of independent additional pension contributions under the state program for co-financing pensions or supplementary retirement benefits.

So, now we can consider the funds sent to retired persons as the sum of three components, which are the mandatory pension systems of the Russian Federation:

• Insurance;
• Cumulative;
• Additional.

What are private pension funds?

Non-state pension provision deals with the creation of additional support for the elderly population, using money invested by interested people, as well as from employers' payments. Thus, the supplementary pension is formed and paid from the amounts of the transferred pension contributions.

In accordance with federal law No. 350-FZ of October 3, 2018, a gradual increase in the generally established age begins in Russia, which gives the right to the appointment of an insurance old-age pension and a pension for state support... The changes will take place in stages over a long transition period, which will be 10 years and will end in 2028. As a result, the retirement age will be increased by 5 years and set at 60 years for women and 65 years for men. In 2018, the retirement age for women was 55, and the retirement age for men was 60.

For a gradual increase in the retirement age, a long transition period of 10 years is provided (from 2019 to 2028). Adaptation to the new parameters of the retirement age in the first few years of the transition period is also provided by a special benefit - the appointment of a pension six months earlier than the new retirement age. It is provided for those who were supposed to retire in 2019 and 2020 under the terms of the previous legislation. These are women born in 1964-1965 and men born in 1959-1960. Thanks to the privilege, a pension on new grounds will be awarded already in 2019: women aged 55.5 years and men aged 60.5 years.

During the entire transition period, the requirements for seniority and pension points required for the appointment of an old-age insurance pension continue to apply. So, in 2019, retirement requires at least 10 years of experience and 16.2 pension points.

Pension system of the Russian Federation

Pension system of the Russian Federation- a set of legal norms, public and private structures that provide periodic payments to citizens of funds upon reaching retirement age, as well as in the event of disability or loss of a breadwinner.

The labor part of the pension is regulated by the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ "On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation", which stipulates, in particular, the right to an early pension for certain categories of citizens and other standards.

As a result of the 2002 pension reform, the following types of pensions were established in Russia.

First, the labor pension: for old age, disability or loss of a breadwinner. It consists of two components - insurance and funded parts. The first is paid upon reaching a certain age. For men it is 60 years, for women - 55. The insurance part is financed by compulsory contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. In 2011, the payment for the main part of legal entities is 26% of the wages fund. At the same time, for employees born in 1966, the entire amount is transferred to the insurance part of the pension. For those who were born after 1966, the deductions are divided in the following proportion: 20% - insurance, 6% - funded part. At the same time, the Pension Fund maintains a separate personal account for each employee, where payments are recorded.

The funded part of the pension can be accumulated in a state or non-state pension fund.

Secondly, the seniority pension, which is received by federal civil servants, military personnel (except for those who served on conscription), cosmonauts, test pilots. These retirement benefits are governed by separate laws.

Third, a social pension - for those who are not entitled to a labor pension, for example, for those who do not work. Social pension cannot, according to the law, be lower living wage.

Fourth, a non-state pension. Paid on the basis of an agreement concluded between the participant and a non-state pension fund. The amount of contributions and subsequent payments is stipulated in the agreement.

The pension system in force in autumn 2011 is not final. The problem is that, on the one hand, it is required to increase payments, and on the other, to reduce the burden on the business, which must pay contributions from the wage fund. Another pension reform is planned for 2014, while the final parameters of what will be, have not yet been determined.

See what the "Pension system of the Russian Federation" is in other dictionaries:

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In January 2002, the reform of the social security system began. After numerous discussions by leading experts in this field, as well as representatives of the authorities, the main draft laws were approved and adopted. One of the key issues for the state is the provision of pensions for citizens. The moral state of society depends on it. In addition, the pension system reflects the economic situation of citizens. The issues of its functioning affect the financial condition of organizations and enterprises, the budgetary sphere, incomes of the population, investments. Let us consider further what the pension system of the Russian Federation is today.

Relevance of the issue

The state pension system was created to protect citizens from crisis phenomena in the economy during unstable periods. This institution attracts additional funds through the resources available to enterprises and citizens. Due to state regulation, a clear system of interaction between citizens, subjects of the country and the government as a whole is being built.

Structure

The pension system of the Russian Federation includes three main elements:

1. The basic part. It is formed at the expense of the salary fund. 14% of the amount of wages goes first to the federal budget. From there, the funds are transferred to the FIU. This amount is allocated to social security payments and the basic part of the pension. With a shortage of funds in the PFR, the deficit is compensated by receipts from the federal budget.
2. Insurance part. It is 11-14% of the salary fund. These funds go directly to the FIU. The pension insurance system is used to pay the notional funded portion. Its value depends on the average salary in the country, payments of a citizen to the FIU and seniority.
3. Accumulative part. It is 2-6% of the payroll funds. This amount is credited to the individual worker's account. The amount of payments in the future will depend on the employee's transfers and the income from investing in this part.

In addition, an employer or employee can make voluntary contributions to non-state funds. Funds will also be paid from them later.

Structure advantages

The three-tier pension system allows you to change the distribution structure of contributions. Due to greater differentiation, the interest of the population, especially those with high and middle incomes, in legalizing their salaries is growing. The prevalence of the insurance principle contributes to the strengthening of the stability of the entire pension system. By January 1, 2003, PFR savings amounted to about 40 billion rubles (0.37% of GDP). At the same time, 1.36 billion was received as a profit from the temporary placement of money in securities (government) securities. The profitability of these investments was about 8%. With inflation exceeding 15% in 2002, this indicator means a reduction in the real value of pension savings.

Modern stage

At present, the transition from a pay-as-you-go to a funded-pay-as-you-go structure of pension provision continues. The population can independently choose a fund to which they will make contributions. The implementation of this stage is carried out through a number of activities:

1. Formation of the regulatory framework in accordance with which the three-tier pension system functions.
2. The creation of a public council for investing savings.
3. Holding tenders for the selection of a special depository and management companies.
4. The conclusion of agreements between the FIU and service organizations on the management of the funded part.
5. By sending letters to the population about the amount of funds available on individual accounts and application forms for the choice of management companies.
6. Signing agreements on the certification of signatures between several banking organizations and the FIU.

The legislative framework

The provisions of regulatory legal acts formulate the main provisions in accordance with which the pension system is being reformed. The purpose of the legislation is to consolidate the direction of changes and create conditions for the formation of a three-tier system. Its elements complement each other, creating financial stability in old age, in case of loss of a breadwinner, in case of disability.

Basic principles

The pension system is based on:

1. Mixtures.
2. Basic universality and warranties.
3. Differentiation of norms and conditions of security.
4. Delimitation of powers of the supreme power and administration of the subjects.
5. State regulation.
6. Financial sustainability.
7. Social partnership.

Main elements

Legislation establishes pensions:

1. According to the age.
2. For the length of service.
3. Loss of the breadwinner.
4. Social pension.
5. Disability.

The pension system provides for mandatory and additional security.

Formation features

The establishment of basic pensions is carried out on the basis of the subsistence minimum. Their magnitude is the same for everyone. These payments are intended for the minimum provision of pensioners and the elimination of their poverty. Funds from the federal budget act as a source of funding. In addition to the basic, compulsory pension insurance is established. These payments are differentiated depending on the contribution of the citizen to the structure. All citizens who are employed and receive income are subject to compulsory pension insurance.

Listen

Today, a broad legislative framework that takes into account any possible nuances determines such an important aspect of the life of every citizen of our country as the state pension system of the Russian Federation. The reform that appeared in 2001 concerning pensions contributed to the adoption of the Federal Law on the Necessity of Pension Insurance. Since 2002, the pension system has become the way we know it today.

The structure of the pension system of the Russian Federation

NSthe pension system of the Russian Federation is- is a set of laws, the task of which is to support and organize the regular transfer of funds for persons who have already retired.

The state pension system is divided into three main groups:

• State pension provision. The state organization responsible for the payment of pensions is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Pensions from the state are transferred to citizens from the federal budget, distribution is carried out among narrow sections of the population.
• Mandatory pension insurance. These are payments from the Pension Fund or the Non-State Pension Company. This work pension is provided to most working people. The accumulation of funds is carried out from compulsory insurance contributions, which are transferred by the employer to the FIU.
• This system is run by private Pension Funds and can be individual or corporate. Any person or organization that decides to conclude a separate agreement with an NPF and ensure a higher standard of living in retirement can receive such payments. Such a service is paid for with pension contributions of an individual or a company that provides additional protection for the funds of its employees.

In these three groups, a number of specific features can be established, each individual security works according to certain principles, is able to provide people with a variety of options for security in retirement.

It is worth paying close attention to the structure of the system for calculating and issuing pensions in the Russian Federation.

How does the state pension system work?

The purpose of state pensions is to accrue the base part:

• seniority pensions;

State pensions are funded from the federal budget. This is done from the amounts of the unified social tax, for the transfer of which the employer is responsible.

The state pension system consists of two parts:

• state pension provision;
• state pension insurance.

Aspects of compulsory insurance

The main thing in the insurance system, which ensures the mandatory payment of pensions, is the creation of a certain reserve of funds due to the constant transfer of a certain amount by the employer to the employee's personal account:

• in the Pension Fund of Russia;
• at the Non-State Pension Fund.

A citizen's pension savings can be increased as a result of their competent management and through correct investment. In particular, by concluding an agreement with a non-state pension fund, and in addition as a result of independent additional pension contributions under the state program for co-financing pensions or additional pension provision.

So, now we can consider the funds sent to retired persons as the sum of three components, which are the mandatory pension systems of the Russian Federation:

• Cumulative;
• Additional.

What are private pension funds?

Non-state pension provision deals with the creation of additional support for the elderly population, using money invested by interested people, as well as from employers' payments. Thus, the supplementary pension is formed and paid from the amounts of the transferred pension contributions.

In accordance with federal law No. 350-FZ of October 3, 2018, a gradual increase in the generally established age begins in Russia, which gives the right to the appointment of an insurance old-age pension and a state security pension. The changes will take place in stages over a long transition period, which will be 10 years and will end in 2028. As a result, the retirement age will be increased by 5 years and set at 60 years for women and 65 years for men. In 2018, the retirement age for women was 55, and the retirement age for men was 60.

For a gradual increase in the retirement age, a long transition period of 10 years is provided (from 2019 to 2028). Adaptation to the new parameters of the retirement age in the first few years of the transition period is also provided by a special benefit - the appointment of a pension six months earlier than the new retirement age. It is provided for those who were supposed to retire in 2019 and 2020 under the terms of the previous legislation. These are women born in 1964-1965 and men born in 1959-1960. Thanks to the privilege, a pension on new grounds will be awarded already in 2019: women aged 55.5 years and men aged 60.5 years.

During the entire transition period, the requirements for seniority and pension points required for the appointment of an old-age insurance pension continue to apply. So, in 2019, retirement requires at least 10 years of experience and 16.2 pension points.