Report
Topic: History of the creation of sports uniforms
Introduction
Popular wisdom says: "There is no bad weather, there are bad clothes!" Indeed, it is clothes, shoes that allow us to feel comfortable in hot and cold weather, on a sunny and rainy day. Thanks to rational equipment that meets hygienic requirements, a person can live and work productively both in the tropical zone and in the harsh regions of the Arctic.
The history of clothing and footwear goes back to the era of the most ancient civilizations. So, in the days of the Egyptian pharaohs, for exercise, games and entertainment, preference was given to a comfortable dress with no frills in decoration that did not restrict movement. The shoes of men and women of that time are similar to today's sandals. Made of animal skin or tree bark, it was attached to the leg with cords and allowed to walk freely, easily run and jump, perform various exercises with objects.
The tracksuit, which appeared in the 19th century, experienced lightning development during the 20th century. For urban wear, centuries had to pass before men stopped wearing dresses and women mastered trousers, while in the sportswear sector, ingenuity and renewal of shapes and materials have grown steadily over the past 150 years. This type of clothing has become the subject of deep research, a mainstay of global marketing, a symbol of a new lifestyle and ultimately an engine for the renewal of urban fashion, very hackneyed by time.
Up to this point, clothing for sports has remained poorly defined; sport was seen as a form of entertainment, a game for which no special equipment was provided. No specific clothing was prescribed, everyone improvised according to their own taste, adapting everyday things. Proto-soccer and lawn tennis players took off their jackets and played with rolled-up shirts.
The purpose of this work: to characterize the patterns of development of sports form.
The work consists of an introduction, main part, conclusion and a list of used literature. The total amount of work is 9 pages.
The history of the creation of sports uniforms
The history of the creation of sportswear goes through the whole life of a person. Since ancient times, a person fought for survival, and participating in wars, in gladiatorial competitions, in hunting, he was forced to be dexterous and strong. Since then, there has already been a need for comfortable clothing for the exercise of strength and dexterity. Our ancestors knew very well which parts of the body must be protected from the enemy's blow, so they made special belts, capes from animal skins. Primitive people created footwear for themselves, it is clear that this is not much like modern in its perfection - footwear, and yet this was the beginning of the development of clothing.
Sportswear has developed gradually but constantly, year after year it has improved, fabrics, technologies, and design have changed. Many creators of sportswear have registered their trademarks, thereby opening up a wide road for themselves in the sports space - the world-renowned companies REEBOK ADIDAS PUMA NIKE. The universally recognized achievements of these and other companies satisfy the needs of both world sports stars and ordinary people around the world.
In Russia, participating in fights, they also wore wide trousers and tightened with belts. With the development of man and society, with the emergence of new horizons of civilization, sports have also changed. At the end of the 19th century, the first types of special shoes for running began to appear, these were the first shoes with spikes, shorts, T-shirts and T-shirts were worn from clothes.
In Russia, sports and physical education went widely after the events of 17 years. At that difficult time for the country, sportswear was extremely simple. T-shirts, t-shirts, sneakers, shorts-panties were sewn from simple but durable fabrics. Physical education as a subject was introduced into the school curriculum. Everyone went in for sports, sports sections were created, new sports developed, and, accordingly, clothing for sports was changed.
Great Britain is considered to be the birthplace of modern sportswear. The first attempts to create special equipment are associated with the most ancient entertainment, such as horse riding and hunting. Readingot (from the English riding-coat) has been popular since the beginning of the 18th century as protection from bad weather during long horse rides. This thing will go through the path of formation, similar to the history of numerous things for sports, invented since the beginning of the XIX century: it will be "kidnapped" by the townspeople, will enter the everyday wardrobe, becoming almost the uniform of the bourgeois of the XIX century.
In England, the tendency to unite in clubs of interest, most often it is hunting or cricket, contributed to the emergence of sports uniforms - blazers, helmets, shin guards, scarves or ties. In the 19th century, the growth of industrialization and the emergence of factories on the outskirts of the city attracted the rural population, the former peasants became workers. Football - a form of entertainment for the villagers is becoming an urban sport. In schools and universities, teachers strongly recommend sports activities for harmonious development youth. Each educational institution takes on its own form in order to differ from opponents during sports meetings.
If athletes unite in clubs, federations and associations, the first and foremost task of the costume is to emphasize social belonging in order to maintain secular decency. As for comfort and functionality - this was still to be thought of!
In selected sports for the aristocracy, the elegance of things is the main quality, at the expense of convenience and practicality.
Woman suit remained the most powerful bastion of tradition. The first tangible attempts to capture this fortress were made by the American Amelia Bloomer in 1851. The famous fluffy short pants, which the riders put on at the beginning of the 19th century, shocked the gentlemen walking in the Bois de Boulogne.
The renewed upsurge in the Olympic movement is spurring industrialists to invent new equipment options that can enhance the physical capabilities of champions. The transformation of sportswear is also generated by the development of individual sports: for example, a suit for playing hockey at the beginning of the century included skinny pants like those worn by skaters. In the early 1920s, hockey became tougher and shin guards were added to clothing, and in the 1950s, a carapace and helmet with a grill were added.
Despite some progress (the appearance of short shorts in the wardrobe), sports equipment, which we can see in old photographs, required serious improvement, with the exception of certain sports - for example, a marathon, where, as in our days, shorts and sleeveless T-shirts were used.
For certain types intended for the elite (tennis, skiing), famous couturiers create exclusive items. In the 1920s, numerous Parisian fashion houses opened sportswear departments - Jean Lanvin, Jean Patou, Elsa Schiaparelli and others. The famous champion Suzanne Lenglen shocked the audience at the 1919 Wimbledon tournament with her little white dress with short sleeves from Jean Patou, but the fashion for this style will be taken up later by all tennis players.
Certain sports disciplines practiced under special conditions, such as skiing, will create new, specialized things. In the 30s, skiers will replace long skirts with sweatpants, called Norwegian - with wide trousers, knitted ribbons tied at the ankles.
The transition from simple swimming to serious swimming will be accompanied by the adaptation of the tight-fitting jersey leotard formerly known as the circus costume (the first time such models will be worn by swimmers at the Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912).
History american clothing will receive a new trend - mixing with sports, embodying the ideal of morality and democracy of American society. The first "College Shop" in the 30s will dictate the fashion for schoolchildren and inspire the development of sportswear towards a free, "casual" style.
The name of the Olympic champion Emile Allais is associated with two inventions at once: the new Rossignol skis with an anti-stick effect and the tapered trousers, which he has been wearing since the 30s. This model will be made first in tricotin in 1935, later in elastic in 1938, and since 1952 in an elastic woolen fabric with an addition of nylon. In 1956, skier Toni Seiler refined the trousers by narrowing them even further in order to reduce air resistance. A new type of sports ski pants are worn with jackets - anorak of northern origin.
In the late 60s, America made a splash the new kind sports - jogging. Practiced in the center of the city, it helped the city's eyes become accustomed to the sight of the inhabitants dressed in tracksuits and sneakers. Old-fashioned outerwear is no longer held in high esteem, now it is customary to appear on the street in sweatshirts and sweatpants from American firms.
Nike, an Oregon-based young sports firm founded by two former athletes, will quickly rise in the jogging craze and topple former sports shoe leader Adidas.
The second largest sportswear leader in the world is Reebok, a recognized champion in the manufacture of models for new sports and outdoor activities such as aerobics, athletic dance and fitness; the famous women's Freestyle sneakers brought Reebok great fame and made it the main “shoemaker” of women's sports legs.
In the late 80s, a new type of clothing came into fashion - “two in one” and “three in one. Jackets can be split into multiple pieces to provide more options for their use, removing the barriers between seasons, urban wear and sportswear. Another new trend is the pursuit of minimum weight. Some models of jackets weigh only 500g! The new generation of sportswear has gone far ahead of its predecessors.
Improvised things for various sports are lost in the distant past. From now on, sports fashion has a permanent impact on casual wear and is an important source of inspiration for fashion designers.
Conclusion
Clothing should, first of all, protect against adverse climatic influences, mechanical damage and pollution, contribute to the creation of the necessary microclimate between clothing and skin, be light and comfortable, and not restrict movement. The heat-shielding properties of clothing, its air permeability, hygroscopicity, water capacity and other qualities are of great hygienic importance.
The creation of sportswear and footwear today is put on a scientific basis. Comfortable equipment helps athletes to improve their results, reliably protects against injuries and "whims" of the weather. It has been established that, for example, a runner's rational outfit reduces the oncoming air resistance by 2-6%. Smooth, tight-fitting clothing gives an additional gain in speed of at least 4%, and in cycling and speed skating - up to 10%.
To soften the impact when placing the foot on the ground during running, sports games and other exercises, special "air" cushions, thickenings of foam rubber or polyurethane foam cushions are mounted in the shoes. A wedge is placed in the heel, which slightly raises the heel and thereby reduces the load on the Achilles tendon. The arch support, the stiff heel and the variable stiffness of the outsole - all this helps to limit the excessive movement of the foot when it touches the ground. The inside of the running shoes is lined with soft material. The shape of the inner space is designed to provide the best foot support.
A special question - right choice clothing for exercise. It is a reliable means of preventing injuries and injuries, a sure attribute for achieving high sports results.
List of used literature
1. Tsarik A.V. About physical and spiritual culture. Hygiene of physical culture / A.V. Tsarik - M .: Knowledge, 1999.
2. Weinbaum Ya.S. Hygiene of physical education and sports: Textbook / J.S. Vainbaum. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002.
3. Student's physical clothing: Textbook / Ed. V.I. Ilyinich. M .: Gardariki, 2004.
Nowadays, sports style is very popular. Many designers in the collections of the new spring-summer 2016 season have focused on sports style. But now we will not talk about new collections, this is still ahead, but about sports style.
If we talk about sports style in women's clothing, then he began to conquer the fashion space in the 20s of the last century, after the end of the First World War. Although sportswear began its existence even earlier, before the twentieth century, when the first bicycles and cars appeared, and women, along with men, sought to get behind the wheel. And a little earlier, a woman's sports wardrobe was limited to more comfortable riding dresses, bathing and ice skating suits. That's basically it.
At the end of the 19th century, active sports became more accessible to women, because they managed to win their rights, simple and comfortable suits with a minimum of details appeared. Charles Dane Gibson captured in his drawings charming girls doing sports in simple and modest outfits, known as - "Gibson Girls".
During these years, special costumes appeared in stores not only for outdoor activities, but also for sports: bloomers, cropped skirts, spacious blouses, special corsets for sports. Horseback riding, tennis, ice skating were still popular, the bicycle and the car were conquering the sports space.
A tennis court on your own estate or in a country club has become a meeting place for representatives of the high nobility. The desire of women to actively go in for sports demanded free clothing that did not restrict movement.
Jean Patou was one of the first sports fashion designers. His sportswear line included tennis skirts, shorts, swimwear, and jersey cardigans. He created many different options models of sports style, one of which was a sleeveless tennis dress with a mid-calf length.
In 1926, Patou opened a sportswear department at his Fashion House, followed by Madeleine Vionne. In the same year, Grand Slam winner Rene Lacoste at the US Championship, in contrast to his rivals who came in shirts with long sleeve, appeared in a white piqued short-sleeved shirt.
In the 1920s, the car began to increase its speed, the rhythm of life changed, and many people began to go in for sports, and elements of sportswear began to penetrate into everyday clothes and conquer their place in the wardrobe. Fashion quickly reacted to new directions, and it has always been like this - it borrows elements from a military uniform, then from a tracksuit.
For example, a tailcoat. Do you think he has always been a garment for special occasions? No, not at all. The tailcoat appeared in the 18th century as an officer's uniform. The short front bolsters allowed for free sitting in the saddle. After some time, all men began to use it for riding, that is, to some extent, it has already become a tracksuit in the men's wardrobe. After all, horseback riding is the main sporting activity for a gentleman.
But time passed, and the coat once again changed its destination. At first it became a casual wear, and today it is an exclusively formal dress suit.
Life is changing, and our dynamic era, in which a person moves from one place to another, spends a lot of time in a car, train, plane, and requires clothes that correspond to a new lifestyle. This style has become sporty. It is this style that has a simple and free cut that does not hinder movement, is convenient, comfortable and democratic.
Sports style clothing makes each of us visually younger, more energetic and more relaxed in movement. And due to the variety of decor or specific details such as pockets, belts, edging, belt loops, valves, shoulder straps and other elements, a huge variety of styles is created.
The trousers, which appeared in the women's wardrobe, revolutionized and took pride of place in the sports wardrobe. They justified their appearance, because what kind of sports is there in the absence of trousers. In order for trousers to become a familiar and integral part of women's wardrobe, it was necessary to achieve this, and with considerable work, not only Coco Chanel, but also many other women, and much earlier than the famous mademoiselle took up this business.
For example, Amelia Bloomer, who fought for women's rights not only in realizing the right to elect the president, but also for the right to wear comfortable and comfortable clothes. Marlene Dietrich, who became a style icon in the 30s of the last century, found the courage to wear typical men's clothes. Elsa Schiaparelli, a famous designer of the 30s, was among the first to wear a skirt-trousers, the so-called culottes. And of course, Coco Chanel, who taught women to wear simple and comfortable clothes.
Today, trousers are a common item of clothing for women. A good example trouser sports style can be models of many modern designers. Here is some of them.
Tods, Vanessa Seward
But a sporty look doesn't have to be pants. A sports suit can be a jacket and a narrowed skirt, a straight free dress, a pleated skirt and a bomber jacket, a skirt and a sweater will look elegant and at the same time sporty ...
Photo above - Topshop Unique, Tods
Photo below - Tommy Hilfiger
A double-breasted jacket with large patch pockets and cropped trousers, or a sweater with a straight-cut skirt and a corset belt is a great option for a sporty style.
Tommy Hilfiger, Iceberg
A knee-length skirt, sweatshirt or pullover, complemented by a bright scarf, loose fit and simplicity also emphasize the sporty purpose of the set.
Tommy hilfiger
Athletic style is not just a tracksuit, which is generally appropriate in the gym or on the court. Sportswear is intended solely for sports activities, and sportswear can be worn every day, except for business and special occasions.
Sportswear includes tracksuits, sports uniforms, jogging and basketball shoes, as well as shoes for fitness and dancing.
Athletic clothing has the distinct cut, silhouette and trimmings of sportswear, but can create elegant looks at the same time.
Topshop Unique, Vanessa Seward
The sporty style is very prominent and contrasted with the stitching or piping of individual details.
Tommy hilfiger
The sporty décor is enhanced by contrasting buttons and large patch pockets with buckles and edged cuffs, zippers and lacing ...
Alexander wang
Alexis mabille
Tommy hilfiger
The shirt dress is practical, comfortable and provides freedom of movement during sports - tennis and golf.
Simple dresses and tunics with a free cut and without fasteners, with a minimum number of seams and details, are laconic models that clearly demonstrate a sporty style.
The dress with one sleeve has a history that began in ancient times, it is called the dress of the Amazons. The art of Ancient Greece is associated with beauty and physical perfection and classic ancient Greek tunics with an open shoulder exemplify this perfection.
In the 80s of the last century, new Amazons appeared - women who reached heights in sports, business or in social activities. The one-sleeve dress has become an evening option. Princess Diana's luxurious one-sleeve dresses perfectly showcase her gorgeous athletic figure.
In 2012, Stella McCartney designed the style of the British Olympic team, and in her spring-summer collection of the same year, she introduced a mini dress with one sleeve. Now a dress with one sleeve can be not only in an evening version, but also in a sports one.
I must say that the sporty style is sometimes emphasized by the material. For example, fabrics such as linen, cotton fabrics, denim, lycra, fleece, polyester, tweed, leather, suede, plaid fabrics, quilted fabrics, wool, jersey are those that are often used in sportswear. The use of suede in a sporty style makes clothes especially elegant.
H&M Studio
Tommy hilfiger
An excellent example of sports style can be leather jackets, skirts, trousers and even.
You cannot ignore the sportswear of the summer season - T-shirts, tops, swimwear, shorts, light sandals, slippers and slip-ons.
Military and safari styles are quite close to sports style. They are united by a large number of identical decorative elements - valves, large patch pockets, numerous buttons, zippers, etc. Elements of one style or another, adjacent to each other, allow designers to create a wonderful and effective image.
Sports style permeates everywhere - our life is changeable and fleeting, we need to be in time everywhere, and fashion is a kind of barometer that quickly reacts to all changes.
Clothes should be fashionable and comfortable, beautiful and at the same time reflect the individual "handwriting". All these criteria are ideally matched by the modern sports style of clothing, which is loved by both young people and older people. Let's take a closer look at what characterizes sportswear today.
Historical reference
If you figure out where these or those sports things came from in fashion, it is worth plunging into history a little. A great variety of clothing items came into our lives from sports. So, some things started with the uniform and shoes for golf, others - the tennis suit, etc.
Origin
We owe the appearance of jersey tracksuits to aristocratic golf. These suits white modern designers dilute with contrasting stripes, for example, red or blue, or inserts. But high-quality fabric and restrained style betray the past of the "aristocrats". Slip-ons are an equally open hint of getting out of the sport. This closed-toe shoe without laces was originally invented for surfers as it is the most comfortable to move in. And they firmly entered everyday fashion in the early 90s of the last century.
From the game of polo, the eponymous T-shirt with a recognizable fastener came into fashion. It is made mainly of natural material - cotton. Previously, such T-shirts were worn by polo players, and later tennis players also liked this thing. As for the tennis suit, shorts for men and a short skirt for women have become the favorite clothes in the hot season.
What came into vogue from American football? Of course, these are bombers with various patches, logos of teams, communities and groups. The men's sports style of clothing does not lag behind the women's in terms of variety, so the "bomber plus pants" suits are a new trend in fashion. This sport brought bright tops, overalls and dresses to women's fashion - the clothes of the girls from the cheerleading group.
Peculiarities
The modern sports style of clothing is not the personification of the form for physical education and This is a much broader concept. Today, most of the garments that are worn every day are made in a sporty style.
Clothing must be comfortable, and it is better if it is made of natural materials. But there are also materials such as raincoat fabric, suede, plaid, tweed, fleece, velor, stretch fabrics, knitwear, as well as waterproof and rubberized.
Another feature of the sporty style is its versatility. In such an outfit they spend a lot of time going for a walk, to a cafe with friends, a cinema, a bowling alley.
Of course, things with a sports "touch" are most convenient if a person loves jogging in the morning, cycling, team games, etc. Photos of sports clothing in magazines and on the websites of fashion houses practically call for an active lifestyle. Straight cut, trapezoidal or close fitting prevails. That is, the style is made in such a way that the clothes do not hinder movement throughout the whole day.
Diversity too feature sports direction, since there are several types of sports style, which allows anyone to find the perfect option for themselves.
Sports style subspecies
If earlier there were clear boundaries between fashion trends, now they are erased. Styles change and acquire new features. So, sports style of clothing in combination with casual is transformed into casual, and then into its different versions. Representatives of the fashion industry suggest highlighting the following types of sports trends:
- sporty chic or sport casual;
- denim style;
- spectacular jockey style;
- strict military;
- unusual safari;
- sports glamor;
- Street style;
- city Style.
Sport Casual
Fashion designers, inspired by the look of athletes, gradually created a sporty style of clothing called "sport casual". This includes jogging trousers with elastic bands, sweatshirts, sweatshirts, shorts, etc. Today, all this is a must-have in the wardrobe of modern active young people. Sports things are adored not only by ordinary people, but also by show business stars who like to participate in mass races and marathons.
A sporty style of clothing for girls assumes maximum convenience and comfort. For example, comfortable leggings and neoprene leggings came to us from cycling. Now they can be with a geometric pattern, floral print, abstraction, etc. For cyclists, tight leggings served as a good service, since nothing prevented fast riding and participation in competitions. also love that the clothes do not restrict movement. From here comes the banana bag on the belt, which is convenient when cycling. Recent times designers fell in love with her and came up with models from fur, using sequins, lace, mesh, plastic.
Denim style
The sports direction is urban, which involves combining sportswear with shorts, jackets, skirts, denim sundresses. Lovers denim can both create a "monogamous" image, and combine denim with knitwear, knitted products... From footwear, preference is given to comfortable and practical.
Jockey style
This is an interesting women's sports style of clothing, which is characterized by restrained colors... Dominated by dull light brown tones, gray, beige. Jockey style includes tight-fitting trousers, breeches or breeches, high shoes without heels (boots), a shirt and a fitted jacket. The last item can be from genuine leather or tweed. To add femininity to the image, add a thin belt over the vest.
Military
Despite the fact that the military style is an independent trend in fashion, however, some fashion experts believe that this is a sporty style of clothing for women. Although many men also sometimes like to wear something in khaki color. Female version a wardrobe in this style contains a T-shirt, parka, cargo pants and brutal flat shoes. Also, the distinctive nuances of the military are a stand-up collar, strict forms, lace-up boots. The colors of grass and earth are used in different variations. This style is especially characterized by the absence of glamorous things, such as ruffles, romantic frills, rhinestones, stones, sequins, etc.
Safari style
This is a kind of sporty style of clothing for men and women, as designers create safari clothing for everyone. Basically, this is a loose-fitting garment, sometimes there are patch pockets, large buttons. Guys are offered trousers and shorts with cuffs in natural shades, for example, sand or swamp. Girls - blouses and shirts of a simple cut. As for the material, they often use artificial or natural suede, fringe for decoration.
Sports glamor
This version of the sports direction nevertheless succumbed to the influence of festive brilliance and admitted such elements into its ranks. Here we can see sweatshirts with lace decor, sneakers with shiny inserts, tulle bombers. Velor or velvet is used to create glamorous tracksuits. Backpacks made of fur look unusual. Such a sporty style of clothing for girls is more suitable than for adult ladies because of its eccentricity.
Sport shoes
The most important condition for sports shoes is ease of movement. Among the most popular models, the following are worth highlighting:
- sneakers,
- sneakers,
- slip-ons,
- moccasins,
- ugg boots,
- flat platform boots,
- lunar rovers.
All these shoes are exclusively flat (or orthopedic) to provide comfortable walking, running, active sports. Modern shoes are presented in a huge number of options in a variety of models and colors, so that everyone can meet their needs.
Differences by age
It's no secret that bright and flashy shades of all wardrobe elements are "prescribed" for girls and guys. At the same time, the sporty style of clothing for women (40 years old and above) implies more restrained colors and styles. This does not mean that older people should dress dull and gloomy. You can experiment and combine a bright color and a neutral shade, so that in the end the image turns out to be harmonious. Moreover, sports items in themselves are already attracting attention with their dynamism. What do stylists advise for older men and women? It is not prohibited to wear sweatshirts, sports-cut trousers, ladies - skirts, T-shirts, straight dresses, comfortable sports shoes. All this can be safely combined with denim items.
As for the stylistic focus, here variations of "sporting chic" are more to the liking of student youth, who lead a very active lifestyle. People in adulthood are advised to pay attention to the classic sports style of clothing. What it is? It is a clever combination of comfortable fit and classic elements. For example, a T-shirt plus jacket combination is possible.
Where to wear?
In a sporty style, you can look appropriate almost everywhere, except for special events and business meetings. As for office workers, a sports and business style of clothing that combines convenience and severity has been invented especially for them. For example, a pencil skirt "in the company" with slip-ons or moccasins.
Military and jockey style are also more or less strict. They can even be used for work, and after that it is safe to go to the cinema in the evening to relax. However, it is worth remembering that these things look good on the owners ideal forms, otherwise they will emphasize all the flaws in the figure. If a strict look is not required, then you can safely take elements of safari, casual and denim styles and combine them with each other.
For daily wear, loose fit with hoods, hoodies, turtlenecks, jumpers, bermuda shorts, a-line and straight dresses, leggings, tight-fitting trousers from soft tissue etc. From outerwear for the cold period - loose-cut jackets, parkas, short and long down jackets.
Report
Topic: History of the creation of sports uniforms
Introduction
Popular wisdom says: "There is no bad weather, there are bad clothes!" Indeed, it is clothes, shoes that allow us to feel comfortable in hot and cold weather, on a sunny and rainy day. Thanks to rational equipment that meets hygienic requirements, a person can live and work productively both in the tropical zone and in the harsh regions of the Arctic.
The history of clothing and footwear goes back to the era of the most ancient civilizations. So, during the time of the Egyptian pharaohs, for exercise, games and entertainment, preference was given to comfortable dress no frills in finishing that does not restrict movement. The shoes of men and women of that time are similar to today's sandals. Made of animal skin or tree bark, it was attached to the leg with cords and allowed to walk freely, easily run and jump, perform various exercises with objects.
The tracksuit, which appeared in the 19th century, experienced lightning development during the 20th century. For urban wear, centuries had to pass before men stopped wearing dresses and women mastered trousers, while in the sportswear sector, ingenuity and renewal of shapes and materials have grown steadily over the past 150 years. This type of clothing has become the subject of deep research, a mainstay of global marketing, a symbol of a new lifestyle and ultimately an engine for the renewal of urban fashion, very hackneyed by time.
Up to this point, clothing for sports has remained poorly defined; sport was seen as a form of entertainment, a game for which no special equipment was provided. No specific clothing was prescribed, everyone improvised according to their own taste, adapting everyday things. Proto-soccer and lawn tennis players took off their jackets and played with rolled-up shirts.
The purpose of this work: to characterize the patterns of development of sports form.
The work consists of an introduction, main part, conclusion and a list of used literature. The total amount of work is 9 pages.
The history of the creation of sports uniforms
The history of the creation of sportswear goes through the whole life of a person. Since ancient times, a person fought for survival, and participating in wars, in gladiatorial competitions, in hunting, he was forced to be dexterous and strong. Since then, there has already been a need for comfortable clothing for the exercise of strength and dexterity. Our ancestors knew very well which parts of the body must be protected from the enemy's blow, so they made special belts, capes from animal skins. Primitive people created footwear for themselves, it is clear that this is not much like modern in its perfection - footwear, and yet this was the beginning of the development of clothing.
Sportswear has developed gradually but constantly, year after year it has improved, fabrics, technologies, and design have changed. Many creators of sportswear have registered their trademarks, thereby opening up a wide road for themselves in the sports space - the world-renowned companies REEBOK ADIDAS PUMA NIKE. The universally recognized achievements of these and other companies satisfy the needs of both world sports stars and ordinary people around the world.
In Russia, participating in fights, they also wore wide trousers and tightened with belts. With the development of man and society, with the emergence of new horizons of civilization, sports have also changed. At the end of the 19th century, the first types of special shoes for running began to appear, these were the first shoes with spikes, shorts, T-shirts and T-shirts were worn from clothes.
In Russia, sports and physical education went widely after the events of 17 years. At that difficult time for the country, sportswear was extremely simple. T-shirts, t-shirts, sneakers, shorts-panties were sewn from simple but durable fabrics. Physical education as a subject was introduced into the school curriculum. Everyone went in for sports, sports sections were created, new sports developed, and, accordingly, clothing for sports was changed.
Great Britain is considered to be the birthplace of modern sportswear. The first attempts to create special equipment are associated with the most ancient entertainment, such as horse riding and hunting. Readingot (from the English riding-coat) has been popular since the beginning of the 18th century as protection from bad weather during long horse rides. This thing will go through the path of formation, similar to the history of numerous things for sports, invented since the beginning of the XIX century: it will be "kidnapped" by the townspeople, will enter the everyday wardrobe, becoming almost the uniform of the bourgeois of the XIX century.
In England, the tendency to unite in clubs of interest, most often it is hunting or cricket, contributed to the emergence of sports uniforms - blazers, helmets, shin guards, scarves or ties. In the 19th century, the growth of industrialization and the emergence of factories on the outskirts of the city attracted the rural population, the former peasants became workers. Football - a form of entertainment for the villagers is becoming an urban sport. In schools and universities, teachers strongly recommend sports activities for the harmonious development of youth. Each educational institution takes on its own form in order to differ from opponents during sports meetings.
If athletes unite in clubs, federations and associations, the first and foremost task of the costume is to emphasize social belonging in order to maintain secular decency. As for comfort and functionality - this was still to be thought of!
In selected sports for the aristocracy, the elegance of things is the main quality, at the expense of convenience and practicality.
The women's costume remained the most powerful bastion of tradition. The first tangible attempts to capture this fortress were made by the American Amelia Bloomer in 1851. The famous fluffy short pants, which the riders put on at the beginning of the 19th century, shocked the gentlemen walking in the Bois de Boulogne.
The renewed upsurge in the Olympic movement is spurring industrialists to invent new equipment options that can enhance the physical capabilities of champions. The transformation of sportswear is also generated by the development of individual sports: for example, a suit for playing hockey at the beginning of the century included skinny pants like those worn by skaters. In the early 1920s, hockey became tougher and shin guards were added to clothing, and in the 1950s, a carapace and helmet with a grill were added.
Despite some progress (the appearance of short shorts in the wardrobe), sports equipment that we can see on old photos, required serious improvement, with the exception of certain sports - for example, the marathon, where, as in our days, shorts and sleeveless shirts were used.
The 20-30s of the XX century became a turning point in the history of sportswear. From now on, physical activity is seen as the ideal development for human beings. Women's beauty is no longer based on the tricks of the toilet - bodices, long voluminous dresses that hide the figure. A fashionable silhouette can now only be achieved through serious work to improve your own body, based on gymnastics and diet.
For certain types intended for the elite (tennis, skiing), famous couturiers create exclusive items. In the 1920s, numerous Parisian fashion houses opened sportswear departments - Jean Lanvin, Jean Patou, Elsa Schiaparelli and others. The famous champion Suzanne Lenglen shocked the audience at the 1919 Wimbledon tournament with her little white dress with short sleeves from Jean Patou, but the fashion for this style will be taken up later by all tennis players.
Certain sports disciplines practiced under special conditions, such as skiing, will create new, specialized things. In the 30s, skiers will replace long skirts on sweatpants, called Norwegian - with wide trousers, knitted ribbons tied at the ankles.
The transition from simple swimming to serious swimming will be accompanied by the adaptation of the tight-fitting jersey leotard formerly known as the circus costume (the first time such models will be worn by swimmers at the Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912).
The history of American clothing will receive a new trend - mixing with sportswear, embodying the ideal of morality and democracy of American society. The first "College Shop" in the 30s will dictate the fashion for schoolchildren and inspire the development of sportswear towards a free, "casual" style.
The name of the Olympic champion Emile Allais is associated with two inventions at once: the new Rossignol skis with an anti-stick effect and the tapered trousers, which he has been wearing since the 30s. This model will be made first in tricotin in 1935, later in elastic in 1938, and since 1952 in an elastic woolen fabric with an addition of nylon. In 1956, skier Toni Seiler refined the trousers by narrowing them even further in order to reduce air resistance. A new type of sports ski pants are worn with jackets - anorak of northern origin.
In the late 60s, a new sport made a splash in America - jogging. Practiced in the center of the city, it helped the city's eyes become accustomed to the sight of the inhabitants dressed in tracksuits and sneakers. Old-fashioned outerwear is no longer held in high esteem, now it is customary to appear on the street in sweatshirts and sweatpants from American firms.
Nike - young sports firm from Oregon, created by two former athletes, will quickly rise in the jogging craze and topple former sports shoe leader Adidas.
The second largest sportswear leader in the world is Reebok, a recognized champion in the manufacture of models for new sports and outdoor activities such as aerobics, athletic dance and fitness; the famous women's Freestyle sneakers brought Reebok great fame and made it the main “shoemaker” of women's sports legs.
Being healthy is fashionable. And despite the fact that these days this statement sounds like an absolute cliché, the reality cannot be denied: if you want to be “in trend”, go to the gym and be able to combine sportswear with basic things in everyday life. This is taught by the sporty chic style, which is one of the most popular clothing styles in all capitals of the world. The concept itself means a skillful combination of sports items with "chic" class items, for example, wearing a bomber jacket over an evening dress.
It all began with the development of the world's love for sports. Invaluable contribution here. It is to her that we owe such a spread of football and. The French revived the fashion for the Olympic Games, for the first time equalized the position of women and men on the field, transformed an uncomfortable tennis women's clothing, replacing corsets with T-shirts and long skirts with short ones. And, of course, in France there was a fashion for sportswear in everyday life. The concept of what women should be allowed to be active has changed, with sports dresses tailored in a masculine fashion become informal casual wear and uniforms for working women.
Similar changes occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, then the war began, which changed the subsequent style of clothing to a simpler and more functional one, so corsets and fluffy skirts still flashed into oblivion. Women gradually began to master the "male space" and the time for emancipation came.
Style icons changed for decade after decade, until in 1980 the successful Hollywood diva, Jane Fonda, became a star of aerobics, instilling in the whole world a love for constant physical activity, which is now considered canonical. Healthy body and sportswear replaced cocaine grunge. In the 80s, aerobics programs were launched on Soviet television, in which Jane was the main star. In her programs and interviews, she noted the importance of a healthy lifestyle, the benefits of exercise and proper nutrition. Jane performed complex aerobic exercises with such ease that it was impossible not to admire her! But most importantly: at that time she was about 50 years old. Although there is nothing to be surprised about, now, at 75 years old, she has created a new set of exercises for those "over 50" to combat arthritis. Olympic slogan “Faster! Above! Stronger!" perfectly characterizes this woman who has returned sport to its rightful pedestal.
At that time, the USSR was in a state of deficit and perestroika in every sense of the word: state, cultural and fashionable. Then we were caught off guard by the 1990s, they combined nostalgia for the past and dreams. Finally, the emphasized ideology disappeared in clothes and a sense of one's own style, with an eye to the new fashion, became the cornerstone. Modern women of fashion did not leave the house without catchy makeup, shiny details and general frankness in clothes, which sometimes bordered on vulgarity.
Then the storm in the glass passed, people calmed down and got used to a variety of clothes, many had the opportunity to buy expensive and stylish things that little resemble the notorious tracksuits. And then came into fashion again healthy image life, endless loads and sports items that have flown into the everyday wardrobe. Since last year, at the shows, you could see hints of sport-chic, which originated from the costumes of swimmers and. In winter, designers were inspired by snowboarders and skiers, and now we are offered to wear sports dresses with evening decorations or evening dresses with sneakers and a cap.
At first, this fashion is a little alarming, but then you realize that it is not only convenient and interesting, but partly funny, and even more so close to the Russian people and the younger generation. The main line of this style is a combination of seemingly incongruous things. For example, who would have thought of combining sweatpants and evening shoes before, besides the fashionistas from the neighboring yard in the famous sports brand?
When dressing in this way, you should remember only two rules: conciseness and stylization. Everything should be as simple as possible, but you should not wear clothes designed specifically for exercising in the gym. The rest - the will for imagination. Fashion allows.
Looking into the future, I would like to say that sporty chic will not leave us in the autumn-winter period. In the new season, sport, chic and retro will find a single harmony. Sport and classics combined in jackets, pants and skirts.
Instead of a riot of colors, we will see shades of calm nature: burgundy, green, beige. The desire for uniformity will also manifest itself in the absence of ornaments.
If for you to be active and cheerful in the norm of things - you are already in trend, it remains to replenish your wardrobe with a pair of sports-cut outfits and run to fashionable heights.
