An aquarium at home is a piece of the underwater world with its beautiful inhabitants and various plants. It is a stylish element in any interior. The beautiful decorations of the aquarium in combination with interesting pets can fascinate you for a long time and make you feel good.
To do this, you need to choose the right container and equipment. How to choose an aquarium for your home is a question that interests many beginners. We will talk about this in today's article.
Aquariums fit perfectly into a variety of interiors with different layouts and any room design. Today, in all pet stores you can purchase containers of various sizes and shapes, but you can order them according to the parameters you need or glue them yourself. However, in order to make your own fish tank, you need certain materials and knowledge.
Figure 1. Type of tanks for beginners
The novice aquarist will only need to invest at the entry level as equipment and decorations will need to be purchased (Figure 1). After starting up all the equipment and settling the fish, maintenance is reduced to a minimum of time.
This purchase is a very important decision. You should not buy a container for fish without first knowing the basic principles of selection.
When deciding which model is better to choose for beginners, such points should be taken into account.:
- The number of aquatic pets should be appropriate for the space in the tank, and the equipment should be sized for the appropriate volume.
- Establish the desired level of flora and fauna (molluscs, plants and fish. It is also worth considering the compatibility of aquatic life and habitat conditions.
The requirements for the maintenance of the reservoir significantly affect its filling with decorations and other necessary equipment for the good life of aquatic inhabitants.
However, in most cases the final choice depends on the shape. Let's consider the most popular types of containers in more detail.
Wall
For a long time, professionals and novice akavriumists have been wary of wall models. This was due to the narrow shape of the containers and certain difficulties in care (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Types of wall containers
In addition, not all types of fish can be kept in wall models. To date, the producers have managed to cope with these problems, as technological solutions have been introduced and the conditions for keeping fish have been improved.
Angular
The purchase of a corner tank is very often associated with saving space and efficient use of the room (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Basic types of corner containers
Corner models in most cases have a great depth and width of the glass part, which will fit well into any interior. Due to their spaciousness, they can be used to create a unique decor for the home.
Rectangular
The rectangular aquarium has long been called classic because it is ideal for keeping all types of fish (Figure 4).
Note: It is important that the width of the container matches the height. Such parameters contribute to better oxygenation of the water space, while maintaining the free movement of fish.
In such a reservoir, various marine and oceanic underwater landscapes can be brought to life. Placing a rectangular model will require free space in the room, but this will be completely justified. Such a plan of capacity is very often chosen by professional aquarists, since they can safely contain any types of fish, including stingrays, catfish and bottom breeds.
Figure 4. Photo of rectangular models
Also, in rectangular containers, you can contain piranhas, scalar or discus, which need depth for full life.
Panoramic
The main feature of the panoramic model is the curved viewing glass, which can be round, angular or rectangular. Due to their "magnifying" ability, panoramic models allow viewing aquatic animals in detail (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Types of panoramic tanks
The only drawback is the high cost, so panoramic models are more often chosen by professionals, not beginners.
How to choose aquarium accessories
The aquarium is essentially a life support complex for the organisms that are in it. Professional aquarists use the following requirements for determining the fish tank class:
- Water quality in relation to indicators of biochemical and biophysical parameters;
- The habitat of the fauna and flora that they plan to inhabit;
- The volume of the container and its functional purpose.
Figure 6. Main accessories
The main types of accessories are shown in Figure 6.
Tank selection
When choosing a tank for your home, the type of glass should be taken into account. The walls can be made of silicate (silicon) or organic (acrylic) glass. Each species has certain characteristics:
- Silicate glass has such characteristic differences: transparency, high hardness, resistance to mechanical manipulation (cleaning from plaque and bacteria) and chemical attack, but it is fragile.
- Acrylic glass very flexible and malleable, it is difficult to break it. it can be easily scratched or damaged by chemicals.
In places with a high probability of damage to the walls, it is recommended to install acrylic models, and in all other cases it is better to use silicate glass.
Stand
The curbstone must be stable, reliable, and its surface must be strictly horizontal so that the tank does not accidentally fall or break (Figure 7).
Note: The stand can hide various equipment designed to support the life of aquatic flora and fauna.
Figure 7. Types of stands
The stand must be made of waterproof materials that will not corrode or deform. The surface of the cabinet must be perfectly flat and correspond to the size of the container.
How to choose a compressor
Compressor requirements are always standard - noiselessness and 24/7 operation. The volume of the tank is one of the key points in choosing a compressor model, since it must fully provide all aquatic pets with oxygen (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Principle of operation and types of compressors
When operating the compressor, prevent dust from entering the air injection system. The power of the compressor in electricity is approximately 2-2.5 W, and the throughput can be calculated in liters per hour or minute.
How to choose an aquarium heater
Having decided on the issue of choosing a compressor, you should pay no less attention to the heater.
Today the heaters are combined with a water heater (rod-shaped flasks). A "high-resistance" wire is placed in this flask and covered with fine quartz sand. The flask for the heater is made of heat-resistant glass. The device of modern water heaters is based on turning on the heating when the temperature in the tank drops and turning it off when the set temperature regime is reached.
Figure 9. Types of water combusters
When buying a heater, you should pay attention to such points.(Figure 9):
- Uniform heating the entire body of water will be effective only if the length of the rod is symmetrical in relation to the depth of the tank.
- Heater must be completely submerged in water and be combined with a thermostat.
- It is recommended to test a new heater using an ordinary thermometer, since the fact of the exact temperature regime is very important. A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is considered acceptable.
How to choose an aquarium lamp
There are many nuances in the choice of a lighting lamp, which ultimately make the water space more saturated with colors. Many aquarists use different calculations when choosing lighting lamps, and now we will give some examples (Figure 10):
- According to the electric power consumption by the lamp (on average, 1 W per 1 cm of the length of the container);
- By light efficiency (30-50 lumens per 1 liter of container volume);
- By area (0.7 W per 1 sq. Decimeter);
- By the volume of the tank (0.5 W per 1 liter of container).
Figure 10. Options for installing lamps for lighting
However, do not forget that some of the generated light can be converted to heat or dissipated in water. To prevent this, it is necessary to use a light reflector that can direct inward up to 95% of the light. It is also not recommended to make the lighting too intense, as this can cause overheating of the water and the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms.
What is the best internal filter for the aquarium?
Absolutely all existing filter models are divided into internal and external. External filters have a significant drawback - the inconvenience of using in small containers. When choosing a filter, you need to pay attention to the presence of degrees of purification.
WHICH AQUARIUM IS BETTER?Indescribably glad that you have decided to acquire an aquarium. This is the right choice! An aquarium at home or in the office is not only a design item. Aquarium and aquarium world is a hobby, passion, relaxation, positive mood, new knowledge and a new world.
What can I say !!! The aquarium is cool!
But here is when the desire arose to purchase an aquarium,
another question arises,
WHAT AQUARIUM IS BETTER ???
Remembering the purchase of my first aquarium, I want to say that I did not even think about which aquarium is better to choose. I just "broke the piggy bank and scrapped the money for what I bought." And it was enough for a panoramic aquarium of the TM "Priroda" company, with a volume of 35 liters and with a glass lid, without illumination.
Why am I this - yes to the fact that often the choice of an aquarium is not reduced to the question of which is better, but to the question of individual capabilities. Therefore, first of all, you need to decide on the budget, while you must take into account that the purchase of just one aquarium will not end up spending. Initially, at least for the aquarium, you will need to buy: a filter and aeration, a thermostat, soil, and of the fish itself. It would also not be bad to buy right away: decor, plants (live or artificial), aquarium equipment (a net, a siphon, magnets for cleaning glass, etc.), in the end, it would not even be bad to buy drugs to stabilize the aquarium water and adjust the biosystem, but they are also not cheap.
The second nuance that you must take into account is the place where the aquarium will stand! Much depends on the location of the aquarium: its volume, shape, purpose and other touches. For example, if you decide to place the aquarium in the corner of the room, then in my opinion it is better to buy a corner aquarium (with three sides). Such an aquarium will fit well into the interior, will not take up much space, moreover, it will give a good panoramic view of the aquarium.
Well, and perhaps the third very important point that must be taken into account when choosing the best aquarium is the need to think in advance: what and who will be in the aquarium. This is due to the fact that the conditions for keeping aquarium inhabitants are different. For example, some fish need a large volume aquarium, others a small volume, but preferably long, some need an aquarium cover, others do not, and so on.
Analyzing statistics on the Internet, as well as from personal experience, we can recommend one of the most popular aquariums:
Volume: 200 - 250 liters.
Form: rectangular, panoramic or convex front glass. TM "NATURE".
Aquarium price: depends on the configuration, without lid and tube - $ 90-100. From $ 200.
Who is in the aquarium: the volume of such an aquarium allows you to get virtually any fish, with the exception of very large ones.
Other useful information: the parameters of such an aquarium meet the needs of many people, and the price is pleasing. For example, a similar aquarium from Aquael with a lid, but without a pedestal costs $ 340, as they say, feel the difference.
Of course, if funds allow, then of course you need to take "Aquael", they are much better than Kharkov "Nature". But, I want to note that one of the TM "Priroda" aquariums has been in my possession for 10 years and it only pleases me that there is no global difference between "Aquael", except that prestige))).
What else to consider when choosing the very best aquarium.
All aquarists, in one voice, recommend taking an initially large volume aquarium (from 100 liters). This is correct, because such an aquarium is easier to care for, it is easier and faster to adjust the biobalance, adaptation and accommodation of aquarium inhabitants is better. In general, there is less trouble with him!
However, do not think that small aquariums are worse, no! It's just that these aquariums need a little more attention. And given the fact that the living space of many does not allow taking "oceanariums" there is a reason to start with a small aquarium. In addition, on a small aquarium, you can “practice” and understand whether you are interested in aquarium keeping in principle or not, “get your hands on it”, and therefore decide whether to take a large aquarium or not.
Aquariums of various sizes are available for sale. As a rule, Goldfish are planted in such aquariums. So, I hasten to warn you and say that such aquariums are extremely inconvenient to maintain, in addition, due to their spherical shape, the image is distorted, and the fish in such aquariums feel bad. Often, having worn out with such an aquarium, people make a decorative flowerpot out of it. This is where the aquarism ends and the floristry begins :).
On sale you can also find tall, but not wide, aquariums made like aquarium paintings. Such aquariums are relatively inexpensive, but they do not qualify for the title of the best. Firstly, because it is difficult to look after them, and secondly, it will be bad for aquarium fish in them, since for them the main thing is the length and width of the aquarium, and not the height. Height also plays a role, but in conjunction with length and width.
The most common aquarium shape is rectangular, but a panoramic aquarium or an aquarium with a convex front glass can also be recommended. A panoramic aquarium consists of 6 sides (walls) - which gives more viewing angles. And an aquarium with a convex front wall adds volume and looks more interesting than an aquarium with straight glass.
When buying an aquarium, pay attention to its cover. Covers can be plastic, wood or glass. The main issue is the lighting built into the lid, which is usually not enough for aquarium plants. If you have a lot of aquarium plants in your aquarium, it is better to solve the issue of lighting right away. Pay attention to fluorescent lamps for their: number, power and characteristics.
The lack of lighting can be solved in two ways: adding lighting yourself (additional lamp or diode tape) or purchasing a glass cover initially, and adding the "right amount" of lighting to it.
When buying an aquarium, you should pay attention and carefully check it for chips and microcracks. Keep in mind that even the smallest crack under water pressure will sooner or later turn into a huge hole. This rule must be especially observed if the aquarium is purchased through an online store. Movers do not stand on ceremony with the delivered goods. Check everything carefully when delivering your aquarium to your home.
You can talk a lot about choosing the best aquarium, but as they say, it's better to see once than hear once. Therefore, below we move on to a visual study of the issue.
Aquarium shapes
Photo
Corner aquarium Panoramic-corner
Rectangular Convex Glass
Panoramic Octahedron
more forms
Now let's clearly analyze
the most popular forms of aquariums
RECTANGULAR AQUARIUMS PHOTOS
PANORAMIC AQUARIUMS PHOTOS
CURVED FRONT WALL PHOTO
CORNER AQUARIUM PHOTOS
ROUND AQUARIUM PHOTOS
EXCLUSIVE AQUARIUMS OF UNUSUAL SHAPE PHOTOS
Types of aquariums by purpose
All aquariums can be divided according to their purpose. I think this information will be useful for you: it will help you define the aquarium terminology, and also help you choose the best aquarium based on your needs.Shared aquarium- designed for keeping various types of fish. As a rule, fish are selected in such an aquarium according to the principle of compatibility. Most aquariums are just general aquariums.
Species aquarium- an aquarium that contains only one species of fish. A typical example is the discus fish tank. Discus are called the kings of the aquarium and are usually kept separately because they are expensive, large and finicky in terms of keeping conditions.
Photo of a species aquarium with scalars
Spawning aquarium- designed for fish breeding, spawning, incubation of eggs and rearing juveniles. As a rule, such aquariums do not have a large volume and in such aquariums they create special conditions (temperature, lighting) and certain water parameters (dH, pH), which contribute to the spawning of certain fish. Spawning aquarium can also be subdivided into incubator- intended for growing caviar, fish larvae, nursery aquarium- intended for growing grown juvenile fry.
In terms of form and function, a spawning aquarium is no different from other aquariums, it is needed exclusively as a separate reservoir.
Thus, if you want to breed fish, in addition to a general or specific aquarium, you also need to buy a spawning one.
Quarantine or medical aquarium- like spawning, it is a separate reservoir, but intended for checking newly purchased fish and treating sick fish.
In such an aquarium, quarantine is arranged for new fish, so as not to introduce infection into the general main aquarium. The need for quarantine is due to the fact that even if you bought outwardly healthy fish, signs of the disease may appear in a week. During this period, the fish in the quarantine aquarium are checked "for lice", and in addition, adaptation measures are carried out - gradually adding water from the main aquarium to the quarantine one. Adaptation is needed because some fish do not tolerate a sharp change in the parameters of aquarium water, from which they die after a week.
A quarantine aquarium is especially needed if you buy fish from the Poultry Market, as a rule, there are a lot of infectious and sick fish in such markets. In pet stores, this risk is less, but still it is.
In addition, the quarantine tank can be used as an aquarium for the treatment of sick fish. Treatment can be carried out in a general aquarium, but firstly, you will poison healthy - not sick fish with chemistry in vain, secondly, aquarium plants can react poorly to chemistry and medications, and in general, the biobalance and microflora of aquarium water will be disturbed, in addition, it will remain the risk of a general disease of all fish.
Aquariums can also be divided into:
Biotope- it simulates a separate underwater landscape (lake, stream).
Photo of a biotope aquarium
Dutch- an aquarium designed for aquarium plants, it is also called "herbalist".
Photo of the Dutch aquarium
Geographical- such an aquarium contains fish from the same region.
Freshwater, saltwater, saltwater aquarium- Most aquariums are freshwater, but there are aquariums that contain saltwater or saltwater fish.
Photo of a marine aquarium
For general development, it can also be said that by structure it can be divided into: frame, frameless, asbestos-cement, plexiglass.
And of course there is moreshrimp, aquariums for turtles, newts, frogs and others.
I also recommend that you read the following articles:
Aquarium for beginners
Aquarium decoration
Restarting the aquarium
STARTING THE AQUARIUM
I WANT TO START AN AQUARIUM, WHERE TO START!
From this article you will learn the order and basic nuances of setting up an aquarium. This is a step by step guide!
All About Acquisition Transplant Transportation of Fish!
An article about the rules for the selection, transportation and correct transplantation of fish. Will help you do everything right when buying your first fish.
AQUARIUM FOR CHILDREN, CHILD AND KIDS!
Here are the highlights of purchasing an aquarium for kids. The article describes the pros and cons of an aquarium designed for a child.
ALL ABOUT AQUARIUM FISHES
A basic article about aquarium fish, it lists the types of aquarium fish (with a photo), tells how to care for, what to feed, what they get sick with, etc.
How many fish can be in an aquarium of 100 liters.
Here you will find out how many fish you can plant - keep in the aquarium. At the bottom of the article are links to aquariums of all sizes from 10 to 150 liters.
The pricing policy for aquarium fish is highlighted.
BOTTOM AND GROUND OF AQUARIUM.
Good article. It will help you decide on the choice and design of the aquarium bottom.
Aquarium from a jar, keeping aquarium fish in a jar.
The issue of a budget option for keeping fish is highlighted.
DISADVANTAGES OF AQUARIUM: are these fish needed at all?
The article is a warning, it highlights the cons of the aquarium business.
Additional articles:
WHAT IS NECESSARY TO THE AQUARIUM: what to consider when choosing an aquarium and which fish to buy?
I WANT TO DO FISH: how to equip the first beautiful aquarium.
A beautiful aquarium in the house brings joy to our life while contemplating fish and has a great effect on the psychological component. Every novice aquarist involuntarily thinks about where to start in order to choose everything for the aquarium correctly, start it right the first time and prevent the fish from dying.
Choosing an aquarium for your home
Before purchasing a container for fish, it is necessary to carefully consider its design and shape, so that it fits into the interior of the room as naturally as possible, does not interfere with its main purpose and is located in a place convenient for viewing.
By design, aquariums are on a stand, on legs, suspended, corner, frame and frameless. In form, they are represented by more than a wide selection, the main of which are:
- spherical (round);
- cubic (square);
- parallelepipedal (rectangular);
- parallelepiped with convex viewing glass (panoramic);
- prismatic (with a regular bottom polygon, usually high, for floor installation);
- pyromidoidal (triangular, for closed aquariums).
The main parameters for choosing a container for keeping fish for a novice aquarist are the following factors:
- correct installation, which should allow various manipulations during operation (removing or installing the cover and lighting, feeding fish, planting plants, cleaning the filter, bottom siphon, etc.);
- exclusion of direct sunlight on its surface;
- the number and size of the population of the aquarium (the required volume of the aquarium depends on this. more than 80 liters, this will avoid overpopulation and allow its inhabitants to develop well and feel comfortable).
Aquarium accessories
Together with the aquarium, they offer covers with built-in lighting and pedestals for them. If there is no specific place to set up an aquarium, then you can use this offer. A lid for an aquarium with illumination will save many species of fish from jumping out, reduce the evaporation of water into the atmosphere of the room, and also provide artificial lighting to the plants and allow you to control the length of daylight hours in the reservoir. The curbstone is suitable for storing all kinds of accessories (landing net, tubes, suction cups, feeders, literature, etc.), food and other things related to the aquarium.
Aquarium equipment
There is a standard set of equipment for aquariums:
- backlight (the choice of lamp power and the duration of lighting during the day depends on the inhabitants and plants);
- water heater (it is better to choose with automatic temperature support);
- the aerator and water filter can be either combined or separate (the power depends on the volume of the aquarium).
The selection of soil and scenery depends on the inhabitants, but fine-grained rounded gravel without sharp edges is considered universal. The thickness of the soil at the bottom should be from 5 to 7 cm, this will allow plants to root and grow well. You can use castles, sunken ships, etc. as decoration and create a unique interior.
Choice of inhabitants and vegetation
For novice aquarists, almost all viviparous fish are suitable: mollies, swordtails, platies and gupia. They are beautiful, graceful, easy to maintain and hardy. The maintenance and reproduction of these species will allow you to master the basics of aquaristics with a minimum investment of financial and time costs.
Several small catfish can be launched for viviparous fish. They differ in coloring, body shape and behavior. Catfish will add sophistication to your aquarium and will eat leftover food and clean the plants. Antsitrus sucker catfish are perfect.
From bottom inexpensive plants, you can use elodea, vallisneria, cryptocarina, from surface - ricia or duckweed. You can also add clumps of moss - cladophora or Javanese moss.
Launching the aquarium
It takes about two weeks before the beautiful fish are released into the aquarium. In one day you can do:
- laying soil, planting plants, installing lighting decorations, heating, filter-aerator;
- filling the aquarium with tap water;
- turning on the heater and filter aerator.
After that, you need to wait a week for chlorine to evaporate from the water during this time. It is allowed to add various normalizers to the water, which improve the water parameters. Before using them, you should consult with a competent aquarist or dealer who knows the parameters of the tap water in your area.
After a week, you can launch the first, most hardy inhabitants - ampullian snails, newts, frogs or shrimps. Ampularia are often the first. They have a beneficial effect on the development of the ecosystem in the aquarium. The water in the indoor reservoir is gaining stability for about a month and can become cloudy. Over time, it will clear up and become transparent. And only depending on the state of the water and the state of health of the ampullia, in about a week, you can launch inexpensive fish. You can read more about the first launch of the aquarium here.
From practical experience
There are some general tips for keeping and breeding fish, but it depends on the specific inhabitants of your aquarium.
- It is better to purchase a rectangular aquarium without panoramic glass, while its length should be greater than the height and the width less than the height.
- An aquarium volume of about 100 liters will allow you to maintain a closed ecosystem (the state of water in temperature, chemical and biological ranges will be less susceptible to sudden changes, which will affect the well-being of the fish), and will also require lower maintenance costs.
- Maintaining a constant temperature will save the fish from many diseases.
- You cannot overfeed the fish, but it is better to feed it once a day. The food should be varied - live, frozen, dry (if you feed constantly alive, then the fish begin to get fat and it becomes difficult for them to reproduce).
- Change the water in the aquarium weekly with a change of up to 30% of the total volume. There is no need to do cleaning and siphoning the bottom in the first month after launch. Depending on the number of fish, bottom contamination or chemical parameters of the water, these activities should be carried out approximately once every two to four weeks.
- The water filter and aerator in the aquarium should be running around the clock.
- Lighting must be controlled, otherwise excessive growth of algae or plants will begin. The duration of lighting per day ranges from 8 to 12 hours.
The specialists of the Cheap and Cheerfully program (Channel One) will tell you how to choose an aquarium:
Aquarium for beginners: care, content, useful video
AQUARIUM FOR BEGINNERSproblems that beginners face when starting the aquarium for the first time
The motivation for writing this article was the frequent appeal of newcomers to aquaristics on the FanFishka.ru FORUM. Almost every day, newly minted owners of the aquarium world ask their questions, to which they either do not know the answers, or need advice, or they have problems after the first start of the aquarium.
Everyone who asked for help on the forum did not go unnoticed! Even if a beginner had gross or ridiculous mistakes, I never scolded him, but in a planned and accessible way I tried to explain what's what.
But, at some stage, I realized that I was not enough for everyone and that methodological material was needed for beginners!
Having looked at the already written materials of the FanFishka.ru website, I saw a sufficient number of articles - “about the first steps into the aquarium kingdom”. But, they were all scattered and only mutually complemented each other. Having analyzed additionally similar materials on the Internet, my desire to write a decent, systematized material only intensified!
For the sake of constructiveness of the conversation, let's divide the article into sections:
1. AQUARIUM FOR BEGINNERS: arrangement, start-up, frequently asked questions, problems.
2. FISH AND PLANTS FOR BEGINNERS: what, what is necessary, the questions of the problem.
3. NUANCES OF YOUNG AQUARIUM: rules to help avoid problems with the aquarium.
AQUARIUM FOR BEGINNERS
arrangement, start-up, frequently asked questions, problems
To create an aquarium world, you need not only the aquarium itself, but also related products. Many newbies make the mistake of buying only a minimal piece of the equipment they need. And then they start running in a hurry in search of this or that product.
Remember how Captain Vrungel said: "As you name the ship, so it will float." The first start-up of the aquarium should be ideal - and this will guarantee the joy and pleasure of contemplating aquarium, eliminates possible problems and difficulties, and most importantly, it will give you invaluable experience. In the future, you may miss something, be too lazy ... but not now!
Starting the aquarium from A to Z
An example of a 100 liter aquarium design
Aquarium decoration
Which aquarium is better
WHAT IS NECESSARY TO THE AQUARIUM
I WANT TO DO FISH: how to equip the first aquarium.
AQUARIUM BEGINNING: the basics of the aquarium, the basics of aquarism
FIRST DAYS OF THE AQUARIUM: The beginning of the creation of the aquarium world of fish!
AQUARIUM EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
BOTTOM AND GROUND OF AQUARIUM
CHANGE OF WATER IN THE AQUARIUM! WHAT WATER IS NECESSARY FOR THE AQUARIUM?
Boiled melt or distilled water for the aquarium
Seashells in the aquarium
SMALL AQUARIUM advantages and disadvantages!
DISADVANTAGES OF THE AQUARIUM, but are these fish needed at all
AQUARIUM FOR CHILDREN
Other questions on the forum ...
Here's another, for convenience, as a reminder - I give a list of what to eat for a novice aquarist:
Aquarium;
Aeration, filtration;
Thermal heater, thermometer;
Lighting if not included;
Hydrobions: fish, plants, molluscs, etc .;
Food for prospective fish;
Inventory: landing net, siphon, aquarium silicone, sponges, buckets. Secondary - hoses, valves, wipers, etc.
In addition to the above, I recommend to all beginners to immediately buy a product for stabilizing aquarium water. It is also called a water stabilizer. Different brands have different names for them, here are some of them: Tetra Aqua Safe, Sera aquatan, Sera bio nitrivec ... others. You can read about them here AQUARIUM CHEMISTRY.
The above articles fully disclose all the nuances of buying, installing and launching an aquarium. Below are quick answers to the most frequently asked questions by novice aquarists.
1. Question: Can the aquarium be placed on top of furniture? To the kitchen? Bath and so on?
Answer: Can. It is important that the surface of the furniture is strong and can withstand the weight of the aquarium with water, soil and decorations. The aquarium can be placed wherever you please, the main thing is that it does not get direct sunlight. Cooking food, taking baths does not interfere with the life of the fish.
2. Question: After starting the aquarium, the water became cloudy - became whitish !?
Answer: Nothing wrong with that. When you fill the aquarium with water for the first time, the bio-balance of the reservoir has not yet been adjusted, because this is a rather long process. The primary processes of adaptation of the aquarium water take place. Whiteness of the water will disappear by itself in 3-7 days.
3. Question: What kind of water should I put into the aquarium? How often do you need to change it?
Answer: You need to fill in water that has been settled for at least a day. Otherwise, you can run into trouble, for example, on gas embolism... Yes ... you can fill the aquarium with tap water - but counting on chance.
Changing aquarium water is highly individual and depends on the size of the aquarium, the number of fish and plants, and other factors. In general, it is customary to change the water once a week. But, as the survey on our website shows, this is not a dogma.
"How often do you change the aquarium water for fresh water?"
4. Question: Can the aquarium be decorated with figurines, shells, beads, etc. available in the house?
Answer: Can. But, you must make sure that the material from which the decor is made is insoluble in water. The same shells undergo gradual dissolution in the aquarium water, which increases, albeit slightly, the hardness of the aquarium water. It is better not to use painted, plastic objects at all. Metal - prohibited.
FISH AND PLANTS FOR BEGINNERS
what, what is necessary, questions of the problemGiving advice on the choice of fish for a novice aquarist, you can immediately get rid of him with the phrase: “Choose unpretentious in content, small fish, for example, from the Peciliaceae family - guppies, swordtails, radishes, etc.”.
But, who came up with this, that you cannot immediately get large, beautiful fish - the same cichlaz: severum, diamond or black-striped? If you take care of them correctly, then there will be no problems. And if you do not follow the aquarium and let everything go by itself, then the guppies will die in a week.
Perhaps the main qualification when choosing aquarium fish is your capabilities and desires.
The opposite is the case with aquarium plants. It's not all that simple. The key to the success of plant maintenance is LIGHT + FEEDING + CO2. Their lack - leads to the death or poor health of plants.
Unfortunately, the supplied aquarium covers usually contain 15-18 Watt bulbs, which are not powerful enough for the normal existence of aquarium plants. Therefore, before starting the plants, you need to study everything and prepare in advance.
The initial way out of this situation may be unpretentious, resistant aquarium plants that are not pretentious in terms of keeping conditions.
Below are the articles that fully and comprehensively disclose this section.
Aquarium fish compatibility
GOLD FISH COMPATIBILITY
ALL ABOUT AQUARIUM FISHES
TOP: The most beautiful aquarium fish and fish!
The most unpretentious little aquarium fish
WHAT FISHES LIVE WITHOUT OXYGEN
What kind of fish live in the aquarium. What kind of fish to get?
AQUARIUM FISHES OF ALL COLORS
Acquisition Transplant Transportation of fish
AQUARIUM PLANTS: let's talk about the benefits of plants for your aquarium!
CO2 for aquarium
The benefits and dangers of the CO2 system in the aquarium
Why in an aquarium ...
YOU CAN AQUARIUM: answers to all questions
Fish and snails: enemies or friends!
How much do the fish cost or the price of an aquarium fish!
How many fish can be in an aquarium
Perhaps the most important thing when choosing fish is to take into account their compatibility and the amount of "living space". Don't chase quantity!
Frequently asked questions by novice aquarists on this section:
1. Question: Are the fish covered with white dots, bumps?
Answer: This is ichthyophthiriosis or "Semolina" of fish. It is treated with Tetra Contralk or Sulfur Costapur. More details here:
ICHTHIOPHTHIRIOSIS how to treat semolina in aquarium fish
AQUARIUM CHEMISTRY
Forum discussion
2. Question: Fish die, why, what to do?
Answer: Here
Why do fish die or the sad fate of Goldfish!
The first symptoms of fish disease
WHAT TO DO IF THE FISHES ARE SICK OR SLOW
We also recommend looking at the colorful brochure "Popular species of aquarium fish" This brochure contains all the popular species of fish, with a description of their conditions of keeping, compatibility, feeding + photos.
(to view or download, click on the picture)
NUANCES OF YOUNG AQUARIUM
rules to help avoid problems with the aquarium
DO NOT BELIEVE PET STORE SELLERS.
Unfortunately, their job is to get you as many goods as possible. Often, the sellers' advice is incorrect and is aimed at only one thing - greedy enrichment at your expense.
READ, STUDY, ASK QUESTIONS.
Actually, this rule follows from the previous one - this is your weapon in the fight against lies. Your own opinion based on what you read is the key to success not only in the aquarium hobby. Read several materials on a topic of interest for comparison and analysis.
DO NOT HURRY BUT YOU WILL SUCCESS.
Don't rush, do everything thoroughly. You cannot get ahead of time - everything that has been done in haste will soon fall apart.
DO NOT OVERDO IT.
Feed the fish once a day, don't "rub" the aquarium every day, and don't fill the aquarium with fish and plants. In fact: aeration, filtration, normal water temperature and food - these are the basic living conditions for fish.
LEARN AND USE AQUARIUM CHEMISTRY.
This will give you the opportunity to quickly adjust the bio-balance of the aquarium, keep it clean, and in case of illness of pets - take action in time.
BONUS: VIDEO FOR BEGINNING AQUARIST
What is the best substrate for the aquarium?
BOTTOM AND GROUND OF THE AQUARIUM
Let's discuss with you such an important issue as the arrangement of the aquarium bottom.
This question arises only at the initial stage of arranging the aquarium world - when buying an aquarium. In the future, this topic becomes irrelevant and is omitted. But, often, with the passage of time, mistakes made at the very beginning make themselves felt, as a result of which everything has to be corrected.
The purpose of this article will be to draw the reader's attention to the main accents and nuances of the selection, acquisition, preparation and placement of aquarium soil, as well as decorating the bottom of the underwater world.
CHOICE OF AQUARIUM SOIL
Both the home foundation and the aquarium substrate play a vital role in the life of an aquarium!
Novice aquarists very often pay attention only to the decorative properties of the soil and miss its most important function. Aquarium soil is a unique biological filter, powerful and irreplaceable by anything else.
The fact is that after the launch of the aquarium, colonies of beneficial bacteria settle in the ground, which process the waste products (hereinafter referred to as PJ) of aquatic organisms (aquatic organisms - marine and freshwater organisms that constantly inhabit the aquatic environment) into harmless substances. I also call this process the ammonia cycle - the cycle of transition of PDL into ammonia and then into the products of its decay - nitrites, nitrates.
In addition to biological filtration, the soil also performs mechanical filtration. In addition, the soil is a substrate for rooting and plant nutrition through the root system, a place of life for many microorganisms and some fish. The soil is even capable of changing the water parameters in the right direction. That is why the choice of aquarium soil is of paramount importance! High-quality, correctly selected soil is the key to a long and successful life of the aquarium!
Now imagine this situation. A beginner, following the stereotypes, takes white, painted, coarse-grained soil and puts it in an aquarium a couple of centimeters thick. Scatters seashells from above for beauty. What problems? Everyone has their own tastes and preferences. We in no way impose our position, but here are just some of the disadvantages of this situation:
1. Painted soil is not a porous material, that is, it has a minimum amount of usable area for colonies of beneficial bacteria. As a result, the biological filtration in the soil is minimized and the PJ accumulation in the water.
2. The soil is laid in a thin layer, which also reduces its effectiveness.
3. Everyone knows that white is very easily soiled. Over time, your soil will become light coffee, and if there is an excess of algae in the aquarium, then green tints on the soil are not excluded. In addition, many drugs for the treatment of fish are synthetic dyes - methylene blue, malachite green. After their application, the white primer is painted in the appropriate color. That is, the original aesthetic goal pursued by the aquarist is lost.
4. White painted soil in most cases is neutral, which cannot be said about shells laid “for beauty”. They increase the hardness of the water, and this quality is bad for the life of aquarium plants and "soft water" aquarium fish.
5. If the white soil is of natural origin, then, as a rule, it is rounded marble, and the marble comes from limestone, which dissolves well with organic acids, thereby increasing the hardness of the aquarium water. Therefore, such a soil can only be used for "hard water" fish.
So, from the above, the novice aquarist needs to draw the following conclusions:
Carefully, to the smallest detail, think over how you want your aquarium to be,
Collect and analyze information about aquatic organisms that you plan to inhabit,
Think carefully about the design.
And only after that, proceed with the selection and purchase of soil for the relevant requests. Fortunately, the aquarium market now offers a wide range.
The key to a successful choice of aquarium soil and arrangement of the bottom of the aquarium is a clear presentation of the goals, objectives of the aquarium as well as a general vision of the underwater kingdom.
In order to find your way around, answer your questions:
Who will live in the aquarium, which fish, which crustaceans?
Will there be live plants in your aquarium?
What colors will your aquarium be (lighting, background, general decor)?
After all, calculate the volume of aquarium soil needed to cover the entire aquarium bottom?
The answers to these questions will help you make the right choice.Choosing a bottom floor for aquarium fish
It should be understood that aquarium soil for fish and for living plants are two different things. But, since most aquariums are set up specifically for fish, not counting the "Dutch aquarium", let's start with them.
When choosing an aquarium soil for fish, you must take into account their characteristics and habits. Here in this small article there are a couple of examples of the relationship of Goldfish and Cichlids to aquarium soil SOIL IN AQUARIUM: which soil is best for an aquarium! In general, we can say that fine-grained soil can be laid for small fish, and large or mixed for large ones. But there are exceptions !!! For example, the aforementioned goldfish, even in the period of "adolescence" - when they are small, they dig very hard and dig at the bottom. And if you put sand or small pebbles on them, then the aquarium will always be cloudy, not to mention the fact that the fish will swallow such soil, from which they can die. As an example, the importance of taking into account the characteristics of fish, you can also give an example of the characteristics of loach fish, for example, Acanthophthalmus... These fish are bottom inhabitants of the aquarium and love to bury themselves in the ground. If you put coarse-grained soil in the aquarium, the aquantophthalmuses will "hammer against it, like against a wall." Indeed, they certainly will not be killed, but they will not feel comfortable for sure, because you have deprived them of their natural conditions and violated their way of life.
If you do not know the habits of the fish that you want to take, consult with the seller of the pet store first, and it is better to read books or information about fish on the Internet site yourself.
Bottom colors for fish. I think you yourself will decide on this issue. Analyzing data from the Internet, I would like to say that many recommend taking dark soil, supposedly the fish can be seen better on it. I don’t know, I didn’t check it, I originally had dark blue soil. But it seems to me that pink soil for pink fish is too much. The contrast should still be there.
The thickness of the soil layer for fish does not play a special role.
Choosing a bottom floor - a substrate for aquarium plants As already mentioned, there is a significant difference between soil for fish and soil for aquarium plants. Aquarium plants use the bottom and soil of the aquarium as a substrate for rooting and nutrition. Thus, the soil for plants should perform not only decorative functions, but also the aforementioned ones.As a general rule, the substrate for aquarium plants should be fine-grained or medium-grained (up to 5mm). In any case, in this matter, you should start from the power of the root system of the aquarium plants that will be in your aquarium. A poorly developed horse system requires a fine-grained soil, for a strong root system, you can use a medium and even coarse-grained fraction.
Soil colors for aquarium plants. They say that for aquarium plants, the soil should be dark, they say the plants love warm soil, and the dark color of the bottom helps warm it up. I don’t know, I don’t know, it seems to me that this factor is so insignificant that you should not pay attention to it. Moreover, the general heating of the aquarium for plants is quite enough.
The thickness of the aquarium soil for plants. It should be from 5 to 7 cm, as much as possible. Again, proceed from the size of the plant's root system. The above bottom thickness is suitable for most aquarium plants.
One of the most important soil factors for plants is its nutritional value. Most aquarium plants get their nutrients from the soil. Therefore, he must be enriched with them. You can put peat, lumps of clay into the soil, and also introduce special preparations that are sold at the pet store. You can read about all this in more detail in this article. AQUARIUM PLANTS: let's talk about the benefits of plants for your aquarium! and Soil for aquarium plants!
When choosing soil at a pet store, pay attention to what it is made of. The best soil is natural, natural soil, unpainted with anything.
For example, this colored soil is not very good.
Preparation of aquarium soil Before filling the aquarium bottom with soil, you need to prepare it. If you use soil collected "on the street" it must be rinsed and boiled, so that any infection does not get into the aquarium. The soil purchased at the pet store is also washed or doused with boiling water.A big mistake for novice aquarists is washing the aquarium soil with soap or domestos. This is not worth doing, since it is very difficult to wash the chemicals out of the soil, more reddened, it will take a lot of time and effort.
After the procedures carried out, the soil can be poured onto the bottom of the aquarium without waiting for it to dry.
PLACING AQUARIUM SOIL
As a rule, the soil in the aquarium is distributed evenly. But you can distribute it so that it rises from the front wall of the aquarium to the back. This option for filling the bottom will add volume and look more impressive.
Many novice aquarists sometimes lay out drawings of different colors from the soil at the bottom of the aquarium (paths, the sun, other compositions). Such drawings are not durable - the soil is gradually mixed and, as a result, nothing remains of the "sun". Of course, there is nothing bad in this. However, in the end, you can get a gray-brownish color of soil, which can spoil the overall appearance of the aquarium.
After distributing the soil, I set the decor, fill the aquarium, plant the plants and add top dressing.
If you decide not to buy soil from a pet store, but to make it yourself, you should take into account that in such cases it is better to use gray sand or dark gravel, which is taken from an environmentally friendly source (you should not take sand from a public beach). Also, for decorating the bottom, you can use volcanic gravel, basalt crushed stone. It is strictly forbidden to use river sand with a red or yellow color. This sand contains iron oxide, which is harmful to fish.
As a general rule, it is undesirable to use soluble materials as a soil, for example, limestone (hisses - increases the hardness of the water).
Its "silting" depends on the size of the soil grain.
As a plant, ground cover plant, you can use, for example, echinodorus tender, aka rubra. An unpretentious plant that a beginner can cope with.
A complete change of the aquarium soil or flushing is carried out approximately every 5 years. Depends on the number of fish and plants.
Caring for the aquarium bottom and soil consists in its periodic cleaning - a siphon (siphons are sold in stores, you can do it yourself). A siphon is a simple device (essentially a hose) in which a vacuum is created and due to which all the dirt from the bottom of the aquarium is sucked out along with water. The frequency of cleaning depends on the degree of contamination of the aquarium bottom (different for everyone). The soil in a "freshly placed" aquarium may not be cleaned even for a year;
The aquarium can be without soil. In this case, if plants are needed, they are planted in pots.
Summing up, we can say that the most correct, best soil for the aquarium bottom will be the one that was wisely selected or made.In the photo, examples of the design of the aquarium bottom
Video about decorating an aquarium with soil, examples of bottom design and cleaning the soil
The best filter for an aquarium: types of filtration, photo-video review
A good filter for your aquarium Which is the best one to choose?
As a rule, such a question arises for the conscious aquarist before buying and choosing a filtration system for his reservoir. Of course, you can let everything take its course, as many do - go and buy a filter at a pet store that is available and that sellers will offer. But, only then you don't have to complain about the sellers and feel sorry for your money wasted. For sellers, the job is to sell the goods and they don't care about your future fate and the fate of your filter.
Glad you looked at this page! This means that you are approaching the issue correctly - first you read, learn, and then you make a decision. After all, such an approach to business neutralizes almost all the risks of purchasing a not good aquarium filter.
In this article, we will not describe in detail and tediously the details of the various filtration processes of aquarium water, but we will try to focus on the quality characteristics of the filter and the nuances of its choice, and give advice. For those readers who are looking for where to buy a good filter for an aquarium, at an affordable price, we recommend paying attention to the time-tested aquarium store ReefTime.ru, there is just a huge selection of filters. From the recommendations, we suggest paying attention to the line of filters from by Hydor, about which it is written in detail here!
So, before choosing a filter, you must understand which filter is good for your aquarium ?! To do this, you need to think about which fish, which plants will live in your reservoir, how many there will be. If the aquarium is large, there will be a large number of large fish swimming in it, there will be many plants, then the filter must cope with this and remove all "impurities" from the aquarium water as efficiently as possible. But, if it is a small aquarium, and you are not going to breed "sharks" in it, then I personally do not see the point in taking a powerful filter, you can get by with a "standard" filter and thereby save a significant amount of money.
I think everything is clear here, so let's move on to the next question.
Before purchasing an aquarium filter, you must find out what kind of filtration mechanism it uses.
There are four BASIC TYPES OF AQUARIUM WATER FILTRATION:
- MECHANICAL FILTRATION;
- CHEMICAL FILTRATION;
- BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION;
- COMBINED FILTRATION;
Let's take a quick look at how each filter works with a specific type of water filtration.
Mechanical filters and aquarium filtration
- these are the simplest and at the same time effective filters for the aquarium. Some call them “glasses” in the old fashioned way. The essence of their work is very simple - the filter has a pump (motor) and an absorbent sponge. The pump pumps the aquarium water, which is cleaned by passing through the sponge. Such filtration effectively removes large contaminants: feed residues, fish excrement, remnants of dead organisms, etc.
If you have a small aquarium and not very large fish swim in it, such a mechanical filter will be enough.
Chemical filters and aquarium filtration
- these are filters providing filtration through various absorbents. The most common absorbent is aquarium charcoal. Other absorbents are also used in the aquarium hobby - ion exchange resins, for example, zeolite. Filters that provide the possibility of such filtration are more practical than mechanical filters. Since the pores of absorbent materials are able to absorb smaller particles of contaminants in the aquarium water, and ion exchange resins in general can effectively fight even the most harmful poisons - ammonia, nitrites and nitrates, which are formed and gradually accumulate in the aquarium.
Biofilters filters and biological filtration for aquarium
- This is perhaps the most valuable filtration for an aquarium. Its essence lies in the presence of a special compartment in the filter for breeding a colony of "beneficial" bacteria that multiply on a special substrate, such as ceramics. These bacteria are essential and very beneficial aquatic organisms in any aquarium. They participate in the denitrification process, in other words, they feed and decompose ammonia, nitrites and nitrates to a gaseous state. And, as many people know, NO2NO3 are the worst enemies of aquarium inhabitants, in most cases they are the root cause of fish disease.
Combined filters and aquarium filtration
- these are filters that combine the possibility of using various types of filtration of aquarium water. Some filters have all three of the above filtering types. But, it is worth noting that even the simplest mechanical filter can be used as a combined one. That is, use an absorbent sponge in it, and, for example, aquarium charcoal.
photo mechanical aquarium filter
left and rightphoto biofilter aquarium combined
So, let's summarize the above. If you have a small reservoir and not very large fish, then your choice is a mechanical filter. These filters are inexpensive, easy to operate and clean. But, if you have a large aquarium, large fish or just a lot of them, then our recommendation for you is to choose a combined filter with biofiltration. Such a filter is more expensive, more difficult to clean, but it will serve you well.
For those who still want to do math or want to make an aquarium filter on their own, here is the formula for calculating the power of an aquarium filter When buying a good aquarium filter, you should also pay attention to its technical characteristics. In a word, power. The power of a filter is determined by its ability to pass a certain volume of water over a certain period of time. Usually on the filter packaging they write 300l / hour, 1000l / hour - pay attention to this.
If you do not want to bother yourself with calculating the required filter throughput, then you can simply look at the recommended aquarium volumes for this filter, which the manufacturers write on the packaging, for example, "designed for a volume of 150 liters." However, this figure does not always correspond to reality.
Quite an important technical characteristic of the filter is its "noise". Good aquarium filters are noisy but quiet. Agree, I would not like to hear the roar of the engine from the aquarium at night, as if "a flock of night bikers are driving around your bed." If possible, do not take Chinese aquarium filters or filters of unknown brands. The brands that have established themselves on the market try to make their products of high quality and noiseless, but such filters are much more expensive than Chinese ones. It is very difficult to recommend a specific company to you - there are many of them, and they are not always “branded”. But, based on my own experience, I dare to draw your attention to the TM "AquaEL" - a combination of price and quality.
There is also a small aspect of the technical part of the aquarium filter - its assembly and disassembly and accessories. Some filters, even mechanical ones, are equipped with two containers, some with one, some are equipped with additional nozzles for aeration and other bells and whistles, others are not. Some are easy to disassemble and clean, others are difficult. Therefore, when choosing the best aquarium filter in the store, at least turn it in your hands, look at the accessories, think whether you need them or not.
Now let's look at the question of choosing an aquarium filter based on its location.
ALL POPULAR AQUARIUM FILTERS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO:
- INTERNAL FILTERS;
- EXTERNAL FILTERS;
- MOUNTED;
Internal aquarium filters
- are attached and work inside the aquarium. They can be of all types of filtration, that is, mechanical, chemical, biological and combined.Perhaps these are the most popular and best-selling filters. Their price is an order of magnitude cheaper than that of external filters, easy to operate and clean. As a disadvantage, some aquarists note that they take up space in the aquarium - thereby eating up precious volumes. However, this is a controversial point, because the filter does not take up 1/3 of the aquarium. Well, yes, it takes 2-3 liters of volume, hanging quietly in the corner. It seems to me that this is not a very significant drawback, especially for medium and large aquariums.
External aquarium filters
- these are filters that are located and installed outside the aquarium, only tubes are lowered into the aquarium. It is difficult to give a positive or negative assessment to such a filter - some are happy with it, some are not. Therefore, I will simply list the advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:
Large volume of filtering materials, due to which maximum water purification is achieved;
Combined filtration with degrees of purification;
Flaws:
High price;
This is a huge "bucket" near the aquarium;
There is always the possibility of a flood (usually due to improper assembly);
Hinged aquarium filters
Is a kind of compromise between an internal and an external filter. A hybrid of both - "hanging from the outside, but working inside." These filters are not so popular among aquarists, because they work according to the principle "not yours, not ours", perhaps its only distinguishing advantage is - compactness and preservation of space, both in the aquarium and under it.
So, summing up the above, we can recommend for small, medium and not very large aquariums (up to 200 liters.) - internal filters. For huge aquariums, external aquarium filters are good. Of course, this statement is relative, because the individual aspects and wishes have not yet been canceled.
Concluding this article, I would like to note that there are other methods, mechanisms for filtering aquarium water, such as a bottom filter or "false bottom". Such methods are less popular and have a number of advantages and disadvantages. In the future, if necessary, you can make them yourself.
I would like to believe that this article helped you choose the best aquarium filter. But, remember that no even the coolest filter can replace the banal weekly change of aquarium water.
AQUARIUM WATER CHANGE IS THE BEST FILTRATION
Video about good aquarium filters
What is the best aquarium size for a beginner
Elena Gabrielyan
LAUNCHING THE AQUARIUM for beginners.
The most optimal aquarium volume for a beginner is from 50 liters and above. It is easiest to establish biological balance in it. Often, beginner amateurs make the first and biggest mistake - pouring water, planting plants, launching fish. And after 2 days there comes a time of disappointment - muddy smelly water, fish feeling bad and the owner's hysteria. And all why? The aquarium has not started correctly. Let's consider the basic rules and principles of this, to some extent, also an entertaining process.
Let's start all over again. You bought an aquarium. Together with the aquarium, the necessary inventory of a net, a siphon for cleaning the soil, a thermometer, a heating pad with a thermostat, and a filter with aeration are taken. It should be noted that the filter is selected according to its performance, depending on the volume of the aquarium, considering that the filter must pump at least 4 volumes of the aquarium per hour. An example of aquas for 100 l - we take a filter with a capacity of 600 - 700 l / h. The power of the heating pad is also determined by the volume of 1 watt per 1 liter of aquas. Soil and decorative elements can also be bought immediately. We install the aquarium on a level-aligned cabinet. A soft pad should be placed between the table top and the bottom of the aquarium - it can be a tourist rug or a sheet of foam plastic with a thickness of about 5-8 mm. Wipe the glass inside from dust and debris with a soft damp cloth. We fill the aquarium with water by a third - we check the tightness of the seams, making sure that everything is properly topped up with water until it is completely filled. We are waiting for the day - if nothing burst, cracked, flowed and fell off, then everything will be fine.
While the aquarium is undergoing a test drive, we prepare the soil:
1. If the soil is artificial or natural purchased at a pet store. Wash thoroughly, as they say, until it turns blue, changing the water until it remains transparent when "rinsing" the soil.
2. If the soil is natural. Preliminary disinfection is required for at least 1 hour at a temperature of about 90 C. Make sure that there are no inclusions of metal, that the soil is neutral (with acetic acid).
The aquarium stood for a day without comment - you can fill up the soil. By the way, the thickness of the soil layer depends on what the aquarium will be - with plants (layer thickness about 5 cm) or without (3 cm is enough). Water, if necessary, can be completely changed to filtered and settled water, if the initially filled water is completely satisfied with you, you can leave it as well.
We filled up the soil. Arranged decor elements. We install the equipment:
1. We hang a heating pad (water heater). Set the thermostat value to 24 - 26 degrees. We include.
2. Install the filter by first washing all its components in warm water. It should be noted that the filter must work around the clock, it must not be interrupted for more than 3 hours. Turning off the filter for the night is a beginner's mistake, then there is a little boom-boom-bang, in Russian, the release of organic matter and kapets to everyone. Plants can be planted at this stage.
4. Lighting for about 6 - 9 hours a day.
The aquarium should be in this state for at least 2 weeks. During this period, turbidity of water can be observed - the result of the process of reproduction and death of bacteria, the beginning of the establishment of biobalance. After, we launch the first inhabitant of an inexpensive and tenacious - for example, the Ancistrus catfish. We are waiting for another two weeks, Somik can be given a small pinch of feed. After testing the water and making sure that the parameters are within normal limits, you can start the fish.
The start-up process can be accelerated by forcibly placing bacteria colonies in the aquarium by flooding some of the water from an established aquarium, or by using specialized preparations. Side effects: after starting the aquarium, “intruders” appear - algae. In established aquariums, algae problems arise either from a lack (or excess) of lighting, or from overfeeding and as a consequence of a large amount of organic matter. In freshly started aquariums, such outbreaks end with the final establishment of the microflora (for everything about everything, about 3 months).
Which aquarium is better to buy - the basics of choosing an aquarium
I am choosing an aquarium. Which manufacturers are bad?
Fronder
When buying 100-120 liters, look at the presence of stiffeners on the upper ends, the glass thickness should not be less than 5-6mm
There are not bad firms, but poor quality of the aquarium manufacturing (marriage). This can happen in any company except the most expensive one.
There are handicraft firms (ours and Chinese ones) - these are, indeed, often bad firms. Their aquariums have hand-finished glass ends, jagged edges of the walls, sausage seams, a rough finish on the lid (if any) are visible and the aquarium often rocks. But such aquariums may not leak, but burst only due to the uneven gluing of the bottom to the walls.
If it does not swing, it may not leak and last a long time.
Such aquariums sometimes look unattractive in appearance due to the rough finish. But cheap (often stingy pays twice)
When buying an aquarium, the first thing to look at is the flatness of the bottom. If the aquarium is small, then it can be placed on any glass or perfectly flat surface right in the store and shake it by the corners. If he sways a little, then this is a bad indicator. When water is poured, the bottom will crack. It's better not to buy this.
If a large aquarium is on a pedestal, then you can also swing it to the sides and see what happens. Inspect all seams. If the seam has thin strips that are not glued all the way across the seam, then such an aquarium may leak. If there are small bubbles in a small amount, then this usually does not affect the quality. If there are large bubbles at the seams, especially at the edges of the seams, then it is better not to take such an aquarium. This is a marriage. Even if the seams are kind of leveled. Unreliable gluing.
Good firms like Jebo make quality aquariums, but prices are sky-high.
Our domestic aquariums are often sold with and without lids, and they are in no way inferior to the quality of imported ones. Some aquariums have leveled seams and some have sausage-like seams (sealant applied but not leveled). This usually does not affect the quality of the aquarium.
There are not bad firms, but poor quality of the aquarium manufacturing (marriage). This can happen in any firm.
Before buying an aquarium, it is best to ask the store if it will be accepted back in the event of a leak. Take and save the receipt to the aquarium so that you can quickly return it as a defect, indicating the location of the leak. They will have to take it back. Therefore, it is better not to buy them in the markets without a check.
If you bought an aquarium (provided that it stands firmly on a stand or a flat surface), then immediately pour water into it (gradually, letting the glass and seams get used to the water pressure), put jars of water there (see photo). If the aquarium does not leak within a few hours, then it will no longer flow, unless you systematically clean up and injure the silicone seams in the ends and corners.
I had the sad experience of buying the very first small aquarium. I didn't check it right away in the store, but when I brought it home, I saw that it was swinging great and the lid was roughly processed, even the shavings were not removed and the rough edges were uneven. It's good that my store took it back with a check.
Now I have 5 aquariums and 1 aquaterrarium. Three of them are made to order in a glass workshop. Of these, in a purchased aquaterrarium and one purchased corner aquarium, sausage seams (not leveled). No aquarium rocks or leaks. I chose it on purpose. And they have been standing, pah-pah, for 4 years already. All aquariums are frameless.
I myself recently made a new homemade aquaterrarium. Glued with sealant for aquariums. It turned out great. Doesn't even leak. See photo
So leaks and collapse of aquariums are a matter of chance.
You are lucky to buy a leak-proof aquarium !! !
Checking your glued aquaterrarium for leaks using water in it and cans of water (less water will leak out in case of a leak) 
With this article I would like to help novice aquarists in choosing an aquarium. What types of aquariums are, what volume and shape, purpose.
Often, when you want to start an aquarium, you don't really consider the question of which aquarium to choose, you proceed only from financial possibilities. After all, do not forget that in addition to the aquarium itself, it will also be necessary to purchase at least the inhabitants themselves, as well as the necessary equipment - it is also good to add decorations and plants. But nevertheless, you need to take the choice of an aquarium seriously and thoughtfully, because in the future, changing the aquarium and relocating the inhabitants is quite a troublesome task.
In the most common case, aquariums are set up where different types of fish that are compatible with each other will be kept. Such aquariums are usually called species or general aquariums and should not be small in size.
In the future, in addition to the main aquarium for fish, you will also need to purchase a small isolator aquarium (quarantine) where the fish will be treated or temporarily settled.
In the future, you may also need a separate aquarium - spawning grounds (breeding aquarium), which can be of different volume and shape depending on the specific fish, and of course, for growing fry, there is also growing aquarium.
What volume of the aquarium to choose
When starting an aquarium, you need to adhere to an important rule - the larger the volume, the more stable the biological balance (as well as the physical indicators of water - temperature, chemical composition) and, accordingly, the easier it is to care for. Even if there is no thermostat, the temperature will not change dramatically, and the inhabitants will be able to adapt to new conditions, which cannot be said about small aquariums, where irreparable damage can occur in just a couple of hours, for example, in the event of a heater breakdown and a power outage. The same can be said about the gas balance of the aquarium water (aeration). Some inhabitants are very sensitive to sudden changes in conditions of detention.
In addition, a small aquarium, oddly enough, needs to be cleaned and maintained more often, which is time-consuming.
And the fish themselves prefer aquariums, in which the conditions of keeping for them are similar to real reservoirs. Some species of fish may well live in a simple jar for some time, but for their comfortable habitat, health, and even more so for reproduction, a good aquarium will be required. In small aquariums, fish do not readily reproduce, some species refuse to reproduce at all, are more likely to get sick, grow poorly, and their lifespan is reduced.
For novice aquarists, it is recommended to immediately purchase a spacious aquarium with a volume of 100-150 liters. But if, nevertheless, it is not possible to purchase or place a large aquarium at once, then a competent selection of the inhabitants of the aquarium can serve as a way out of the situation. A small aquarium with a volume of 10-15 liters can accommodate, for example, several guppies, gouramis or lalius, since in a small volume they feel more comfortable than such large fish as telescopes and scalars.
Aquarium shape
Rectangular... The most versatile and convenient aquarium design, simple and functional, especially for herbalists. It is easy to create the desired landscape and arrange the plants. In rectangular aquariums, it is convenient to observe the inhabitants since there is no distortion and the effect of refraction of light, which is more characteristic of round and cylindrical shapes. Also, for many active fish who like to move quickly, it is the length of the aquarium that is important for freedom of movement. Rectangular aquariums are also very suitable for embedding in furniture niches, shelves, etc.
Angular. It is convenient to place such an aquarium in the corner of the room; it will seem more spacious due to the large front glass, being not so spacious, which will make it more difficult to compositionally place plants and various decorations in it. The shape of such a reservoir can be varied, including a curved front wall. If you choose the right design and decoration, such an aquarium will become quite beautiful and effective, especially for small spaces.
Hemisphere. Rectangular or corner aquarium with arched front glass. The glass has a slight bend, so there is no strong visual distortion. Despite the fact that the aquarium looks impressive.
Paburrowing... This is a rectangular or angular aquarium with beveled front corners, thereby visually increasing the area of the aquarium and expanding the viewing angle. The aquarium has a pentahedral shape, it looks pretty nice. Maintenance is not difficult.
Survey(cubic, cylindrical, polyhedron, etc.). Provides the ability to view from all sides (as well as service). Such aquariums are chosen and placed so that it is possible to observe from all sides. However, it is necessary to place decorations, plants in them more carefully, and it is also difficult to quietly bring equipment down.
Globular(round). This aquarium has no seams, so it is insured against leaks. Due to the small volume, it can even be placed on the desktop. Disadvantages include distorted content and difficulty in equipment maintenance and placement.
Screen-shaped(narrow). Due to its small width, it can be placed, for example, on a wall or decorated to match a picture. But again, because of this, it is difficult to maintain, it is difficult to create any kind of landscape, and not all fish can be settled in such an aquarium. The advantage of such aquariums is only in decorativeness - the fish in them will always be in your sight. The surface area in such aquariums is small, so the lower part of the water is quite poor in oxygen, which will require more powerful aeration. Still, in such conditions, most of the inhabitants will be uncomfortable.
Trough-shaped- a long and low aquarium. This form is suitable for keeping various bottom fish and living plants. Often these aquariums do not need a cover glass or a cover, they are equipped with pendant lights. In such vessels it is easier to achieve the required illumination and gas balance conditions. This aquarium can be densely populated even with a small volume, since the water is well saturated with oxygen.
Types of decorative aquariums
General- an aquarium in which various inhabitants live, compatible with each other and in terms of keeping conditions. The most versatile aquarium.
Collectible- an aquarium that houses only certain types of fish or aquatic organisms. The name itself suggests that such an aquarium is intended, as it were, for a collection of, for example, rare fish species or difficult-to-grow plants.
Species- an aquarium in which one or more closely related fish species are supposed to be kept. It is convenient to observe their relationships among themselves, behavior and reproduction in it.
biotope aquarium Biotope- in this aquarium, a section of the underwater landscape (stream, river bank, rocky coast, etc.) is reproduced and, accordingly, inhabitants and plants from one area are selected for it. To create such an aquarium, it is necessary to take into account many factors from the selected reservoir: the chemical composition of water, soil, plants, aquatic organisms, food, atmospheric pressure, precipitation and temperature and their change throughout the year, current, and much more.
dutch aquarium Dutch- herbal aquarium. In such an aquarium, the main role is given to plants, while other inhabitants recede into the background and often serve only to revive the composition. For such a home reservoir, tanks elongated in length are better suited, their width and height are usually equal, but the length should be at least three times more. The Dutch aquarium is designed for panoramic views, for the spectacularity of abundant and lush thickets. The side walls of such aquariums are often covered, as it is assumed that the composition is only visible through the front glass.
open aquariumOpen- an aquarium that does not have a lid or coverslip. Lighting is provided by pendant lights located at a sufficient distance from the water, which allows some plants to grow above the surface of the reservoir and even bloom.
paludarium Paludarium Is a combination of underwater and emerging vegetation and unusual inhabitants, a kind of aqua-orange. It contains excellent crustaceans, amphibians and reptiles. The decor of such biotopes is usually performed using various living plants, stones and driftwood.
Pseudo-sea- such an aquarium is decorated in a marine style, despite the fact that the water is fresh and the inhabitants are freshwater. The fact is that for many, and especially for beginners, a marine aquarium is a rather complicated matter, so many simply decorate a freshwater aquarium with various shells and corals, marine grounds. The aquarium water becomes hard, therefore, the inhabitants here need to be selected appropriate, such as, for example, African cichlids.
Seawater aquarium- just reproduces a small piece of the sea. Typically, such an aquarium has a large volume of 300-400 liters. It is preferable to inhabit the aquarium with species that live at different levels. Compared to other species, such an aquarium is more difficult to maintain and requires some experience in the aquarium, since it is necessary to pay great attention to the composition of the water. A reef aquarium is especially complex in this regard.
aquaterrarium Aquaterrarium- similar to the paludarium, but here the emphasis is on the inhabitants - various amphibians: amphibians and reptiles. Soil, lighting, heating and appropriate vegetation are important here.
Invertebrate aquarium(for example, a shrimp) - a vessel containing only invertebrates and plants. Any, even the smallest aquarium is suitable for a shrimp. But all the same it must be remembered that in a larger volume of the reservoir, conditions and bioequilibrium are more stable, which is also of great importance for shrimp. The main thing is a sufficient amount of food and plants. If there are other inhabitants in the aquarium, then the shrimp need shelter - driftwood, stones, dense thickets of plants.
Types of special aquariums
Incubators- not even aquariums anymore, but such special containers that are necessary for the development of eggs and larvae of aquarium fish. Their capacity ranges from 0.5 to 20 liters. A small volume is required for spawning fishtooths laying eggs in peat, a larger volume is required for the incubation of discus eggs. Basic conditions: maximum sterility, maintaining the required temperature, oxygen regime and hydrochemical composition.
Spawning- an aquarium used for fish breeding and fry development at the initial stage. The spawners are of course smaller than the general aquarium. Some fish species require containers of special sizes and shapes, otherwise they refuse to reproduce. These can be containers from 10 liters to 100 liters and even more for large species, with different proportions - classic or elongated. Their content also varies.
Vyrostnoy aquarium - used for rearing juveniles. Most often these are low-rise aquariums - maintenance and cleaning are easier and oxygenation is improved. Depending on the type of fish, the volume can be from 50 liters, but the more space there is for the fry, the faster and healthier they will grow.
Quarantine an aquarium is absolutely necessary in addition to the main one, since it is often needed both for quarantine of acquired inhabitants, and for jigging for treatment and observation of diseased fish. Soil and plants in such containers are not needed, it is desirable that such an aquarium be all-glass without seams for better disinfection after use.
When you buy the “wrong” aquarium, perhaps the smallest and least expensive, it can only lead to either purchasing the “right” one later, or worse, frustrating you and not becoming a true hobbyist. The result in both cases is logical - a senseless waste of money. Therefore, one must approach the choice very carefully and thoughtfully.
In other articles we will talk about, and filling with inhabitants.
An aquarium at home is a piece of the underwater world with its beautiful inhabitants and various plants. It is a stylish element in any interior. The beautiful decorations of the aquarium in combination with interesting pets can fascinate you for a long time and make you feel good.
To do this, you need to choose the right container and equipment. How to choose an aquarium for your home is a question that interests many beginners. We will talk about this in today's article.
What is the best aquarium for beginners
Aquariums fit perfectly into a variety of interiors with different layouts and any room design. Today, in all pet stores you can purchase containers of various sizes and shapes, but you can order them according to the parameters you need or glue them yourself. However, in order to make your own fish tank, you need certain materials and knowledge.
Figure 1. Type of tanks for beginners The novice aquarist will only need to invest at the entry level as equipment and decorations will need to be purchased (Figure 1). After starting up all the equipment and settling the fish, maintenance is reduced to a minimum of time.
This purchase is a very important decision. You should not buy a container for fish without first knowing the basic principles of selection.
When deciding which model is better to choose for beginners, such points should be taken into account.:
- The number of aquatic pets should be appropriate for the space in the tank, and the equipment should be sized for the appropriate volume.
- Establish the desired level of flora and fauna (molluscs, plants and fish. It is also worth considering the compatibility of aquatic life and habitat conditions.
The requirements for the maintenance of the reservoir significantly affect its filling with decorations and other necessary equipment for the good life of aquatic inhabitants.
The author of the video will tell you in detail how to choose the right model for your home.
However, in most cases the final choice depends on the shape. Let's consider the most popular types of containers in more detail.
Wall
For a long time, professionals and novice akavriumists have been wary of wall models. This was due to the narrow shape of the containers and certain difficulties in care (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Types of wall containers In addition, not all types of fish can be kept in wall models. To date, the producers have managed to cope with these problems, as technological solutions have been introduced and the conditions for keeping fish have been improved.
Angular
The purchase of a corner tank is very often associated with saving space and efficient use of the room (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Basic types of corner containers Corner models in most cases have a great depth and width of the glass part, which will fit well into any interior. Due to their spaciousness, they can be used to create a unique decor for the home.
Rectangular
The rectangular aquarium has long been called classic because it is ideal for keeping all types of fish (Figure 4).
Note: It is important that the width of the container matches the height. Such parameters contribute to better oxygenation of the water space, while maintaining the free movement of fish.
In such a reservoir, various marine and oceanic underwater landscapes can be brought to life. Placing a rectangular model will require free space in the room, but this will be completely justified. Such a plan of capacity is very often chosen by professional aquarists, since they can safely contain any types of fish, including stingrays, catfish and bottom breeds.
Figure 4. Photo of rectangular models Also, in rectangular containers, you can contain piranhas, scalar or discus, which need depth for full life.
Panoramic
The main feature of the panoramic model is the curved viewing glass, which can be round, angular or rectangular. Due to their "magnifying" ability, panoramic models allow viewing aquatic animals in detail (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Types of panoramic tanks The only drawback is the high cost, so panoramic models are more often chosen by professionals, not beginners.
How to choose aquarium accessories
The aquarium is essentially a life support complex for the organisms that are in it. Professional aquarists use the following requirements for determining the fish tank class:
- Water quality in relation to indicators of biochemical and biophysical parameters;
- The habitat of the fauna and flora that they plan to inhabit;
- The volume of the container and its functional purpose.
Figure 6. Main accessories The main types of accessories are shown in Figure 6.
Tank selection
When choosing a tank for your home, the type of glass should be taken into account. The walls can be made of silicate (silicon) or organic (acrylic) glass. Each species has certain characteristics:
- Silicate glass has such characteristic differences: transparency, high hardness, resistance to mechanical manipulation (cleaning from plaque and bacteria) and chemical attack, but it is fragile.
- Acrylic glass very flexible and malleable, it is difficult to break it. it can be easily scratched or damaged by chemicals.
In places with a high probability of damage to the walls, it is recommended to install acrylic models, and in all other cases it is better to use silicate glass.
Stand
The curbstone must be stable, reliable, and its surface must be strictly horizontal so that the tank does not accidentally fall or break (Figure 7).
Note: The stand can hide various equipment designed to support the life of aquatic flora and fauna.
Figure 7. Types of stands The stand must be made of waterproof materials that will not corrode or deform. The surface of the cabinet must be perfectly flat and correspond to the size of the container.
How to choose a compressor
Compressor requirements are always standard - noiselessness and 24/7 operation. The volume of the tank is one of the key points in choosing a compressor model, since it must fully provide all aquatic pets with oxygen (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Principle of operation and types of compressors When operating the compressor, prevent dust from entering the air injection system. The power of the compressor in electricity is approximately 2-2.5 W, and the throughput can be calculated in liters per hour or minute.
How to choose an aquarium heater
Having decided on the issue of choosing a compressor, you should pay no less attention to the heater.
Today the heaters are combined with a water heater (rod-shaped flasks). A "high-resistance" wire is placed in this flask and covered with fine quartz sand. The flask for the heater is made of heat-resistant glass. The device of modern water heaters is based on turning on the heating when the temperature in the tank drops and turning it off when the set temperature regime is reached.
Figure 9. Types of water combusters When buying a heater, you should pay attention to such points.(Figure 9):
- Uniform heating the entire body of water will be effective only if the length of the rod is symmetrical in relation to the depth of the tank.
- Heater must be completely submerged in water and be combined with a thermostat.
- It is recommended to test a new heater using an ordinary thermometer, since the fact of the exact temperature regime is very important. A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is considered acceptable.
There are many nuances in the choice of a lighting lamp, which ultimately make the water space more saturated with colors. Many aquarists use different calculations when choosing lighting lamps, and now we will give some examples (Figure 10):
- According to the electric power consumption by the lamp (on average, 1 W per 1 cm of the length of the container);
- By light efficiency (30-50 lumens per 1 liter of container volume);
- By area (0.7 W per 1 sq. Decimeter);
- By the volume of the tank (0.5 W per 1 liter of container).
Figure 10. Options for installing lamps for lighting However, do not forget that some of the generated light can be converted to heat or dissipated in water. To prevent this, it is necessary to use a light reflector that can direct inward up to 95% of the light. It is also not recommended to make the lighting too intense, as this can cause overheating of the water and the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms.
What is the best internal filter for the aquarium?
Absolutely all existing filter models are divided into internal and external. External filters have a significant drawback - the inconvenience of using in small containers. When choosing a filter, you need to pay attention to the presence of degrees of purification.
Modern filters have such degrees of purification:
- Sponges and baskets with activated carbon, which is necessary for coarse mechanical and fine filtration of water;
- Rings and granules for biological treatment.
It is customary to calculate the performance of filters by the ability to pass a certain amount of water for one hour (on average, this figure is 100-900 liters per hour). However, it is not recommended to install a filter whose throughput is identical to the volume of the tank, since for a volume of 100 liters, a throughput of 300-400 is needed. Also, in the filter functions, pay attention to the following nuances:
- Silence and smoothness of work;
- Wear resistance;
- Ease of use;
- Energy efficiency;
- Quality of materials;
- Appliance design
Figure 11. Filters and the principle of their installation Examples of filters and the basics of their installation are shown in Figure 11.
Feeder selection
Feeders for aquariums are automatic and conventional. Conventional feeders can be seen on the surface of the water or attached to the wall with a suction cup. Such a feeder is a barrier for dry food (Figure 12).
Figure 12. Types of fish feeders At the same time, automatic feeders can be programmed to dispense feed at a specific time and the right portion. Feeding by means of automatic feeders is carried out through autonomous and central power supply. Mostly such feeders are intended for dry food (flakes, granules, tablets) and protect fish food from moisture. The automatic feeder is ideal for people with frequent business trips or long trips, since at this time they need to feed their aquatic pets remotely.
What is the best background for the aquarium?
Before directly installing and starting the aquarium, you should determine its location in the room. Very often it is installed against a wall, and the wallpaper pattern influences the choice of the background.
Note: A well-chosen background is the key to an excellent addition to the interior of the room. The use of light colors in the background makes the fish look dull and inconspicuous. The most common and affordable way to decorate the back wall is to use self-adhesive films with neutral shades. The main disadvantage of such films is the laborious process of container re-registration.
More recently, embossed backgrounds have appeared on the product market, which can add style and color to a composition. However, in terms of pricing, they are much more expensive than film backgrounds. The embossed backdrops are arranged with silicone sealant.
How to choose the right substrate for your aquarium
Aquarium soil is a very important element in the complex of life of the entire tank, since it is a unique biological filter that cannot be replaced with other materials. After launching, various beneficial bacteria settle in the soil, which will process the waste products.
Figure 13. Types of aquarium soil Also, the soil serves as a mechanical filtration. In the soil, the process of rooting and feeding of plants takes place through the root system, and is also a place of residence for various types of fish and microorganisms.
There are several types of soil (Figure 13). They differ in particle size (eg sand, pebbles, etc.). When choosing the soil, one should take into account the type of fish that will be kept.
From the video you will learn all the information you need to know about setting up your aquarium.
An aquarium is a stylish and beautiful element of any interior. A piece of the aquatic world is always pleasing to the eye, but you need to think of it not only as an element of decor, but also as a home for aquatic pets. To keep the fish comfortable, you need to choose the right aquarium. This will allow the fish to fully develop, and also reduce the hassle of caring for it.
To keep the fish comfortable, you need to choose the right aquarium.
The right choice for beginners
The aquarium is considered a great addition to any interior. Suitable for any room layout. Today, pet stores offer a huge selection of containers of various shapes and sizes. It is also possible to order a tank with the required parameters or to make it yourself using available tools.
Novice fish lovers do not have to spend a lot of effort on maintaining a home reservoir. You just need to buy all the necessary equipment and connect it correctly. Such an acquisition does not require making important decisions, but you need to know exactly which aquarium is best for beginners.
It is necessary to choose an aquarium for fish taking into account the following factors:
- the estimated number of future pets;
- the necessary state of the ecosystem;
- compatibility of fish species.
You also need to take into account the filling of the tank with vegetation and decorations. This allows incompatible species to get along. But the main factor when choosing is the form.
Aquarium shape
There are many varieties of shapes: wall, corner, rectangular, someone prefers panoramic, there are also complex, custom-made. Which aquarium to choose depends on the interior and personal preference.
Which aquarium to choose depends on the interior and personal preference. Wall mounted models have long been a concern for both novice and experienced aquarists. The main reason was the narrow shape, which made it difficult to leave. Also, not all fish took root in wall tanks. To date, manufacturers have solved this problem by introducing new solutions in production. This made it possible to improve the living conditions of the fish.
Corner models are often chosen to save space in the room. They are usually deep and have a wide glass portion. They are often used by designers to create unique decor. Ordinary people often choose a more standard form.
Rectangular containers are considered classics. It is a suitable shape for all types of fish. Any ecosystem with different landscapes can be created in this reservoir. This design requires much more space, but the result pays off. According to professionals, the best aquariums for the home should have exactly this shape, since they can even contain exotic species: piranhas, stingrays, discus.
The main difference between the panoramic tank and others is the curved glass. It can be round, angular, or rectangular. Glass performs the function of a lens, allows you to see the fish in more detail. The main disadvantage is its high cost.
Division by type
Also, tanks are classified by type of purpose. This should be taken into account when choosing the right aquarium.
The shared aquarium is used to house a wide variety of aquatic pets. Typically, fish for such tanks are selected based on compatibility. People for whom this activity is a hobby usually use shared containers.
The shared aquarium is used to house a wide variety of aquatic pets. Species are intended for one specific type of fish. They are often used to keep predators. A typical example is discus (omnivorous fish).
The spawning aquarium is used exclusively for fish farming. Usually the volumes of such reservoirs are quite small. In them it is necessary to create conditions suitable for spawning. Most often they differ from the conditions in common tanks. Also, the spawning tank for fish is subdivided into incubator and nursery.
The artificial quarantine reservoir is intended for new fish. They are put there for several days before being released to the main one. Also, this type is intended for setting off sick individuals so that they do not infect healthy ones.
Glass or acrylic
The most common materials for making home ponds are glass and acrylic. Each has its own pros and cons. They are also transferred to the finished product. An acrylic aquarium has the following advantages:
- low price;
- a very wide variety of forms;
- material strength;
- significantly less weight of the product;
- no leaks.
Its main disadvantage is that it is very easy to scratch. When wiping the tank, care must be taken not to get a single grain of sand.
Cheap acrylic turns yellow over time. This only applies to inexpensive models. It is highly discouraged to clean the acrylic aquarium with household chemicals., since aggressive agents impair the transparency of the material.
Glass is inferior to acrylic material in all respects. The only plus is that a cheap glass model will look better than an inexpensive acrylic model.
When choosing, you should give preference to aquariums made of acrylic glass. Strong seams can easily withstand 200 liters of water. You can be sure that they will not leak and will not flood your neighbors.
Dimensions and proportions
The main mistake newcomers make is buying aquariums that are too small. Volumes are most often chosen from 5 to 25 liters. With small volumes, it is very difficult to establish biological cleaning of the system.
At the initial stages, it is not recommended to choose volumes less than 30 liters. But if this happened, then you need to be very careful about the settlement of such a reservoir - to plant several small fish there. If a small aquarium was donated immediately with pets, then you need to take care of their quick relocation to a large tank.
The optimal volume for beginners is considered to be 60-170 liters. If opportunities allow, then it is worth purchasing an aquarium with a volume of 250 liters or more. A large reservoir allows the ecosystem to become more stable. It also saves you unnecessary care. The best choice for beginners is the 170 liter aquarium. To eliminate system failures , you need to buy additional equipment: filters, heaters and coolers.
