Dyschromia of the skin is a pronounced change in its color. The reason for this is a certain amount of the pigment complex in the skin. It happens in children and adults, expressed by the appearance of characteristic spots on the epithelium. Today, modern medicine treats this pathology in the early stages of its manifestation.
A pronounced dyschromia of the skin in a child or an adult manifests itself in the form of a certain pigmentation of certain areas of the skin.
Its degree depends on the content in the skin:
- the restored form of hemoglobin (blue pigment);
- normal hemoglobin (red pigment);
- carotenoids (yellow pigment);
- melanin complex (brown pigment).
To date, skin dyschromia is acquired or congenital in nature. The acquired form is carotene or hemosiderin areas on the epidermis, and manifestations of albinism are the congenital form.
Acquired skin dyschromia is:
- primary;
- secondary.
For the primary stages of cutaneous dyschromia, the state of chloasma or syphilitic leukoderma is characteristic.
Let's consider these concepts in more detail:
- The state of syphilitic leukoderma. Syphilitic leukoderma most often manifests itself in patients with syphilis in the second stage. In this case, the outer surface of the back or neck begins to cover with specks of white color the size of a penny. This condition is often referred to as the "necklace of Venus."
- Chloasma manifestations. This shape presents as uneven yellowish-brown spots on the surface of the face. Very often this condition accompanies: the last months of pregnancy; ovarian dysfunction; climacteric stage.
Leucoderma is characterized by a pigmentation disorder due to the disappearance or lack of the melanin complex in the skin. Against this background, patients often have multiple rounded depigmented areas of small diameter. There is also a medicinal (professional) form of leukoderma associated with the intake of certain medications.
Dyschromia of the skin of a secondary nature is associated with a temporary change in its tone. At the same time, in some areas of the epidermis, various kinds of dermatoses or hyperpigmentation occur.
In humans, skin dyschromia can take the form of hypochromia (weakening of pigmentation) or hyperchromia. Hyperchromia is characterized by increased skin pigmentation. There are also people with pronounced achromia, which is an example of the absence of skin pigmentation.
Skin dyschromia can be temporary or permanent in a person. It depends on the reason for its development in the body. For example, congenital stages of pathology are characterized by preservation for life, and the manifestation of acquired forms may fade away.
How to fight?
Modern medicine has made great strides forward, which has helped to create several techniques for effectively combating the manifestations of cutaneous dyschromia in newborns and adults. Naturally, it is much easier to cope with this pathology of the acquired form, which is successfully treated by appropriate specialists.
To combat the manifestations of cutaneous dyschromia, it is recommended:
- Skin transplantation. Dyschromia is successfully treated with skin grafting. Today, many people using this method have been able to get rid of the terrible spots on the skin, making it beautiful and attractive to the eyes. This method is carried out in special clinics, which have all the necessary equipment for this. Skin transplantation is carried out by doctors after a detailed examination of the body in the absence of contraindications for the patient to this method.
- Whitening cosmetics. It is possible to cope with the acquired forms of cutaneous dyschromia thanks to some cosmetic products. So, in many beauty salons, a procedure is widely used to whiten the skin and remove ugly age spots from its surface. The resulting effect can last for several decades.
- Resorting to mesotherapy. Mesotherapy is an injection of whitening substances into the layers of the epidermis. It is carried out with the appointment of a doctor if the patient has no contraindications to the procedure.
- Using peels. With the help of peeling, you can remove many types of age spots from the skin, which lie not only superficially, but also deeply. It is worth using this procedure if the patient does not have an adverse reaction to the drugs used.
- Avoiding the rays of the sun. To protect the skin from the appearance of ugly age spots on it, it is recommended to spend less time in the open sun, and if this is not possible, then cover the body from it. For this, there are special clothing and sunscreens.
Some folk recipes also help in the treatment of cutaneous dyschromia. So, many types of whitening masks do an excellent job with spots on the skin. The latter are best prepared on the basis of natural ingredients.
Parsley-based mask. We take at least one hundred grams of parsley leaves and chop them thoroughly. To do this, you can use a regular kitchen knife or blender. A little lemon juice and a teaspoon of liquid honey should be added to the resulting mass. Carefully apply the gruel-like mass exclusively on the spots and keep it for about half an hour. Then we rinse everything off with warm water, and the skin can be wiped with a nourishing cream.
Oatmeal mask. Weigh at least one hundred grams of oatmeal and add it to the preheated brine drained from sauerkraut. As soon as you get a thick gruel, you can apply it to the skin of the face. We keep the oatmeal mask on the face for about thirty minutes and wash off everything with water at room temperature.
The beauty of the skin depends, first of all, on several important factors: its healthy appearance, the absence of any pronounced defects, as well as the color of the skin. Speaking of color, we do not mean genetically inherent color of the skin, but rather its even and beautiful shade. One of the dermatological problems that aesthetists often encounter in their practice is skin dyschromia or discoloration. Patients turn to specialists with complaints about the appearance of lesions of a darker or lighter color on the skin, as a result of which the skin seems to be “dazzling”. Whitening procedures are the most effective method of combating pigmentation disorders. But their purpose should be treated with extreme caution ..
Dyschromia of the skin: why the problem occurs and how to deal with it
The color of human skin depends on the content of the pigment melanin in the skin. The skin is colored black by eumelanin, and pheomelanin gives skin tones from light yellow to reddish brown.
Dyschromia of the skin or a violation of its pigmentation is now becoming an increasingly common problem with which patients turn to clinics of aesthetic medicine.
There are a large number of reasons for skin discoloration: from sun exposure and the body's response to certain medications and cosmetic preparations and procedures, and ending with various diseases of the body. In any case, it is necessary to deal with skin dyschromia, and each specialist must understand how to properly manage a patient with this pathology.
Dyschromia of the skin:
- correct diagnosis is the key to successful treatment of skin dyschromia;
- features of treatment of patients with skin dyschromia.
Correct diagnosis is the key to successful treatment of skin dyschromia
Correct and timely diagnosis is a key moment in the treatment of any pathology, including skin dyschromia. When treating a patient with a similar problem, the specialist must ask him several important questions:
- Have you had any prior whitening therapy?
- if so, how long did it last?
- what technique did your attending physician use?
- What results have you achieved with this treatment?
Next, you need to conduct your own survey. It is important to find out how long ago changes in skin color appeared, where the altered areas are localized, what shape, color and size they have, whether the patient associates their appearance with medication, sun exposure, and so on. It is also extremely important to clarify the presence of other diseases of the body, since skin dyschromia can be a symptom of some of them. Examination of the patient with a Wood's lamp plays an important role. It is this method that makes it possible to determine the depth of pigment deposition and, in accordance with this, to develop a treatment regimen.
Features of the treatment of patients with skin dyschromia
When composing a treatment program for a patient, a cosmetologist must take into account all the individual characteristics of his skin, as well as the wishes of the patient, such as the planned time for obtaining the result, its severity, and so on. The choice of whitening method depends on many important factors. There are two main methods: mild step-by-step whitening and rapid aggressive. The age of the patient plays an important role: with age, the regenerative abilities of the body decrease, therefore, aggressive bleaching is contraindicated in older patients. At the same time, patients in childhood, adolescence and adolescence are not recommended to use methods of treating skin dyschromia, which have a system-wide effect. In addition, the larger the area the beautician needs to treat, the more gentle the whitening method he should choose.
The impact on the skin with dyschromia must necessarily be safe, comprehensive, as gentle and justified as possible.
If a specialist still has to use aggressive action, it is important to first assess the risk of side effects and complications, and minimize it.
Dyschromia of the skin is a change in its color as a result of an overabundance or deficiency of pigment. Skin pigmentation depends on the presence and amount of four pigments- melanin (brown), carotene (yellow), hemoglobin (red) and reduced hemoglobin (blue).
Distinguish between congenital and acquired skin dyschromias.
Types of ailment
Congenital dyschromias such as albinism, age spots, persist throughout life. Acquired manifest themselves during the period of certain diseases, for example, with syphilis, ovarian diseases, with hormonal disorders (during pregnancy or menopause), as well as under the influence of certain drugs or chemicals.
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Depending on the cause, acquired dyschromias may appear and disappear from time to time, or remain for life.
Any changes in skin pigmentation should be consulted with a dermatologist. He will determine the reason for such changes and give recommendations for the elimination (or reduction) of undesirable manifestations.
The main methods of struggle with excessive or insufficient skin pigmentation are:
- Protects skin from sun damage.
- - depending on the complexity of the problem, it can be superficial, middle, deep. This is a fairly effective method, but it has a number of side reactions (long period of skin recovery, scars).
- - the introduction by injection of preparations with a whitening effect.
- The use of whitening cosmetics.
- Transplantation in the area of skin dyschromia.
Folk remedies for hyperpigmentation
You can try homemade whitening masks using natural ingredients.
The most famous 0 is the parsley mask against freckles and pigmentation... It is done like this:
In a blender, finely chop about 100 grams of parsley. Dilute the mixture with a teaspoon of liquid honey and a few drops of freshly squeezed lemon juice. Apply the resulting slurry only to those areas where dyschromia is observed. Keep for 20-30 minutes, rinse with warm water.
One more mask - oatmeal, also fights hyperpigmentation well.
Dyschromia of the skin
Dyschromia of the skin (Greek dys + chroma color, color) - changes in the color of the skin. Skin coloration, according to J. E. Morgan et al. (1975), is due to the presence of four pigments: brown - melanin, deposited mainly in the basal layer of the epidermis, yellow - carotene, detected in the keratinocytes of the epidermis, red - oxygenated hemoglobin detected in the capillaries of the skin, and blue - reduced hemoglobin in the cutaneous venules. Some authors distinguish the fifth pigment - melanoid, which is a product of melanin breakdown.
The genesis of skin dyschromia is different. Most often, skin dyschromias are caused by excessive or insufficient formation of melanin (see the complete body of knowledge of Melanin), less often - by the deposition of other pigments in the skin (carotene, hemosiderin, bilirubin and some others), as well as various substances that have penetrated from the outside (particles of coal, dyes other).
Unstable coloration of the skin caused by the saturation of the stratum corneum of the epidermis with any paint does not apply to skin dyschromia.
Dyschromias of the skin can be of an acquired nature (for example, hemosiderin, carotene) or congenital (for example, albinism). Acquired skin dyschromias, in turn, are subdivided into primary, appearing on unchanged skin, and secondary. Primary dyschromias of the skin can be independent dermatoses (see the complete body of knowledge Vitiligo, Chloasma) or a symptom of a general disease (for example, leukoderma is a symptom of syphilis). Secondary Dyschromias of the skin are a temporary change in skin color at the site of the former manifestations of various dermatoses - psoriasis, lichen planus and others.
Dyschromias of the skin are manifested by increased color - hyperchromia (or hyperpigmentation), weakening of color - hypochromia (hypopigmentation) or its complete absence - achromia (depigmentation).
The duration of the existence of Dyschromia of the skin depends on the cause of their appearance. Hereditary (congenital) skin dyschromias persist for life (albinism, pigmented nevi, freckles); acquired dyschromias of the skin can disappear at various intervals or persist for life, depending on the cause that caused them.
Skin hyperchromias are more common. Hyperchromias of melanin genesis are characterized by brown skin tones, from light to dark, almost black. Melanin hyperchromias are most common. They can occur as a result of sun dermatitis (see full body of knowledge) under the influence of UV rays: uniform hyperpigmentation appears on the skin - the so-called tan. With prolonged excessive exposure to UV rays, open skin areas in people of some professions (sailors, farmers) become rough to the touch and hyperpigmented - the so-called skin of sailors (see the complete body of knowledge Skin dystrophy). Melanin hyperpigmentation can be caused by congenital or acquired disorders of certain links of melanogenesis, among which a violation of amino acid metabolism, the content of trace elements in the skin (copper, sulfur, iron), the functions of the endocrine glands (pituitary gland, adrenal glands, forks, thyroid, genital) is important, functions of the sympathetic division of the nervous system, as well as dysfunction of the liver, spleen and other organs.
Many people do not pay attention to such small things as dyschromia of the skin, eyes, nails or hair. This is fundamentally wrong. Of course, you shouldn't get hung up on trifles, but you can't ignore the obvious things either. It’s more dear to yourself. Any signal given to us by the body must be read and interpreted, preferably in the company of a knowledgeable person, and not in an embrace with a tablet. Discoloration of the skin, eyes, nails is a disorder that occurs frequently in our life. Usually people do not even notice dyschromia, because it does not cause any inconvenience.
The skin contains four pigments: melanin, carotene, hemoglobin - a red pigment, and a blue pigment. Melanin is concentrated in the basal layer of the skin and is brown in color.
Dyschromia of the skin or the appearance of age spots occurs due to an excess of melanin. In order to get rid of them, it is necessary to understand the cause of their occurrence.
Dyschromia causes
Dyschromia can be acquired or congenital. If something can be done with the acquired, then practically nothing can be done with the innate.
Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, the pigment melanin is formed in the skin. If there is too much of this pigment, then freckles, birthmarks and age spots appear on the skin.
Freckles or ephelids are inherited. After 35 years, they become almost invisible. Blondes and redheads are at risk.
With age, age spots appear on the body and face - "senile lentigo". Gradually, the skin becomes thinner and more susceptible to external influences. This becomes especially noticeable by the age of fifty. Men do not pay much attention to this, but women make various masks and go to beauticians to get rid of this cosmetic defect.
Chloasma appears on the face of many women during pregnancy. Large brown spots disappear after childbirth. Sometimes they occur due to liver problems or diseases of the genitourinary system.
The causes of dyschromia can be different. In order to establish them, you must visit a dermatologist and undergo an examination. The most dangerous spot is melanoma. The malignant formation grows rapidly and deepens into the skin. It can even damage internal organs.
Dyschromia of the eyes
Eyes are not only a mirror of the soul, but also a mirror of a person's inner state. By the iris, you can read all the problems of the internal organs. In a healthy person, eye color can change only in infancy and old age. In an adult, this can only happen due to illness. Dyschromia of the eyes is a common phenomenon. If your eye color begins to change, you need to go to the doctor's office.
Healthy nails should be smooth, pink and shiny. Nails can change color due to fungus, psoriasis, shingles, and other conditions. Dyschromia of nails is a frequent phenomenon, nowadays people rarely pay attention to it, which is considered absolutely wrong.
Pink nails are a sign of balance and health. If the nails are pale, then this means that the person has anemia.
Yellowish-brown nails are found in people who have taken antibiotics for a long time, as well as in people with fungus, psoriasis, or another skin condition.
Pale nails are common among smokers and those with iron deficiency.
White spots on the nails are a sign of hormonal disorders, calcium deficiency and cardiovascular disease.
Dyschromia treatment
In order to start treatment of any disease, you need to establish the cause of its occurrence. Dyschromia treatment is no exception.
First of all, you need to visit a therapist, then, most likely, you will need to go through a dermatologist and other doctors. You may need the help of a gastroenterologist or endocrinologist.
If spots appeared during pregnancy, there is nothing to panic. Everything will go away almost immediately after childbirth. The hormonal background will change and everything will return to normal. If not after childbirth, then at the end of breastfeeding for sure.
Also, nothing needs to be done if pigmentation is caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The sun's rays are good for the body, unless, of course, go too far. Lovely freckles herald the approach of spring and the onset of warmth. There is nothing to get rid of them.
Age-related pigmentation only needs the help of a beautician and nothing more. And then only if it gives a person psychological discomfort.
If there are problems with the digestive, endocrine, hormonal systems, then you need to go to the appropriate specialists and get treated. The skin is an indicator of the internal state of the body. If a person does not hurt anything, this does not mean that he has no pathology inside him. Skin, nails, iris of the eyes can tell a lot of interesting things to specialists. Any change in color, texture or shape matters.
