Hello Libor! If you remember, then you and I parted on the fact that today we will continue to prepare for Christmas.
I remember. But I would like, given that this is the last lesson of the Czech language this year, that we, together with our radio listeners, have repeated what we have already learned.
Libor, but it's impossible! Are you going to repeat everything that we have told you during the year within the framework of one program ?!
Of course not. Today we have only holiday themes: Christmas and New Year!
Actually, you and I were planning to still go for gifts ...
So let's go, especially since this is the last weekend before the holiday. Gold.
Not a weekend, but Sunday.
That's right. This is how the last three Sundays before Christmas are called in the Czech Republic: bronze - bronzová, silver - stříbrná and gold - zlatá.
We also talked about what brings gifts for Christmas in the Czech Republic Ježíšek... This is the newborn Jesus Christ. After all, the holiday of Christmas is the birth of Jesus.
We also talked about a good tradition when on the eve of Christmas all children write letters. Ježíškovi with a request to give them what they want. Those children who cannot write draw their wishes. In this regard, there is even such a pre-Christmas wish: "Bohatého Ježíška"!
We already talked about the traditional Christmas dinner in the last program. But we have not moved on to gifts.
Let's do everything in order. So, December 24 is the pre-Christmas evening, because Christmas is, in theory, on the night of December 24-25 according to the Catholic calendar. So, December 24 - Štědrý večer.
I remember how you said that on this day you cannot eat until the first star appears in the sky, in a word, before dinner. He also said that if you do not eat all day, then on Štědrý večer you will see the "golden pig".
There is such a belief.
Let's skip dinner already. We have already discussed all the menus.
In many families, the alarm clock is symbolically set to ring the bell after dinner - this is Ježíšek brought gifts. And if today we have already dedicated our program to Christmas traditions, then we must not forget that they sing on this day “ koledy". On this day, children go home and sing Christmas carols, and people thank them and give them fruits, sweets, coins.
So please sing to us one of them.
It probably won't work, but I'll read:
Dej Bůh štěstí tomu domu,
My zpíváme, víme komu:
Malému děťátku,
Kristu Jezulátku,
Dnes v Betlémě
Narozenému.
And now we just have to wish each other, all our colleagues, relatives, friends and, of course, radio listeners: Veselé Vánoce a Šťastný Nový Rok!
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
New Year - Elena Patlatia and Monica Chevelova are in the studio. The topic of today's lesson is New Year - Nový rok
Monica, Russia recently celebrated the old New Year, let's try to figure out the calendar - kalendář.
Lena, you will probably be surprised, but initially the New Year was celebrated on March 1st - 1.března, on this day the Roman consuls took office.
Where did the first of January come from then?
In 153 BC, the consuls took office on January 1st - 1.ledna, and Gaius Julius Caesar adopted January 1st as the beginning of the calendar. The so-called Julian calendar - juliánský kalendář- acted until 1582, after which the Pope - papež Gregory 13 reformed it, and the Gregorian calendar appeared - gregoriánský kalendář.
However, not everyone accepted the Gregorian calendar.
Yes, for example, the Orthodox Church - pravoslavná církev she never gave up the Julian calendar. In principle, we can say that in the Middle Ages, the New Year was celebrated in different countries on different days. For example, in France they adhered to the ancient Roman calendar - starořímský kalendář and celebrated the New Year on March 1st. In other countries, March 19 was considered the beginning of the year, according to estimates, this is the day of the creation of the world - stvoření světa... In the Czech Republic, even before the 17th century, the New Year was celebrated on December 25 - based on the winter solstice - zimní slunovrat... Only in the 17th century was the beginning of the secular year established - občanský rok on January 1st.
Monica, but there is something mystical about parting with the old year and celebrating the new year.
Quite right, some stories can happen exclusively on New Year's Eve - remember?
In connection with the mysticism of the end and beginning of the year, there are many superstitions - pověra... People, for example, believe that as they welcome the new year, they will spend the whole year. This is reflected in the Czech proverb Jak na Nový rok, tak po celý rok- As for the New Year, so for the whole year. Therefore, people tried to avoid quarrels hádka and carried money in their pockets. If as the first guest - host a child came to the house - dítě or a young woman - mladá žena or a man - muž, then there will be happiness in this house all year round. However, the old woman - stará žena brought bad luck to the house - smůla.
Monica, we did not talk at all about how the New Year is celebrated in the Czech Republic.
děda Mráz we do not have. However, the Russian "Morozko" - "Mrazík" he still visits Czech houses, as the Russian fairy tale "Morozko" is very popular in the Czech Republic, which is usually shown on television on December 31 or January 1.
Nový rok Unlike Christmas, it is not a family holiday, it is a holiday of fun. At midnight - o půlnoci champagne flows like a river everywhere - šampaňské, people throw confetti at each other - konfety, explosions of firecrackers are heard - petardy, and in all corners of the Czech Republic there are huge fireworks - ohňostroj.
For Christmas - in Czech Vánoce - preparations begin in the Czech Republic long before December 25th. On St. Andrew's Day, November 30, Prague and thirteen Czech regions are immersed in the magical atmosphere of Advent, waiting for the Messiah. Here and there Christmas trees with Bethlehem stars on the tops "grow" on the streets of cities here and there in large flower pots, bouquets of evergreen mistletoe miraculously appear on the front doors of houses, colored garlands are lit in the windows. In the heart of old Prague, souvenir sellers place their stalls on Old Town Square and Wenceslas Square, and the wind carries the enticing aromas of punch, mulled wine, grog, roasted chestnuts and boiled corn to all the nooks and crannies.
On December 4, the day of St. Barbara, Czechs cut branches - barborki - from cherry trees and put them in the water. By Christmas, the barborks should bloom, which means they should bring good luck. The day on which the first greenery appears on the chilled twigs will symbolize the most successful month in the coming year. According to an old tradition, three weeks before Christmas, housewives of Czech houses begin to bake festive gingerbread cookies (Zázvorky) and vanilla cones (Vanilkové rohlíčky). Today, this custom is rarely followed, baking cookies, at most, three to four days before the great holiday.
On December 6, on the day of St. Nicholas - Mikulas - the first children's matinee is organized in the Czech Republic. Old man Mikulas, with a long gray beard and a staff reminiscent of the Russian Father Frost, walks the streets with a large box of gifts in the company of a devil and an angel and is interested in the behavior of local children. Sweet gifts - sweets (bonbóny), gingerbread (perníčky), nuts (ořechy) - are given to diligent and well-mannered children, as well as to those who amuse Mikulas with a kind poem or a funny song. On this day, on Třebíč Square in Karlovy Vary, they organize a traditional fun in honor of Mikulas: the inhabitants of the city light Christmas trees and sing carols.
Czechs spend almost a whole week in Christmas fun, and on December 13, on the day of Saint Lucia, protectors from witchcraft and spells, young Czech women put on white robes, whitewash their faces and go out in search of carefree passers-by from whom you can get hold of money or sweets.
A week before Christmas, fish sellers and tradition-honoring Czechs appear on the streets of the Czech Republic, lining up in front of large tubs of water. In these tubs select carps splash, which were grown in special ponds throughout the year. It is believed that a Czech should not have a piece of meat on the Christmas table, a traditional Christmas dish of Czech cuisine is fried carp (smažený kapr) with a side dish of potato salad (bramborový salát).
Christmas Eve on December 24 in the Czech Republic is called the Generous Evening. On this day, also called Bear Christmas, it is customary to feed the bears with sweets. For example, the inhabitants of the town of Cesky Krumlov feed the bears living in the moat.
With the appearance of the first star in the sky in Czech houses, they sit down at the table. One of the good things about this evening is the even number of guests and the number of dishes prepared, equal to nine. On the Christmas table, you can almost always see Czech pies (koláč), pancakes (lívance), filled flour balls (knedlíky), lentil soup. The traditional Christmas alcoholic drink in the Czech Republic is Becherovka, a herbal liqueur made according to an old Czech recipe. In Karlovy Vary, there is a whole Becherovka museum, visiting which you can learn the history of the drink, the subtleties of its preparation and even taste it. As for Christmas beer, it is brewed in the Czech Republic in limited quantities and sold in bars only as draft. In Russia, Czech Christmas beer (Pražečka Christmas) can be found in large supermarkets.
For dessert in the Czech Republic, a traditional Christmas cake (vánočka) with almonds and raisins, waffles (oplatky) with honey, cakes (vánoční dortíky), gingerbread and tiny biscuits with a diameter of 2-3 cm (cukroví) are served. For Christmas, in shops in the Czech Republic, you can buy more than twenty types of this delicacy, which is sold in large colorful boxes by weight and by the piece.
On Christmas night in the Czech Republic, three masses are celebrated, which are a symbol of the birth of Christ in the bosom of the Father, in the womb of the Mother of God and in the soul of every believer. During the divine services, Czech streets are empty. The Basilica of St. George in Prague, the Bethlehem Chapel, the Church of the Virgin Mary the Victorious fill up with Czechs of all ages. Everywhere - both in houses and on the streets of cities, you can see the so-called Betlem, models of a manger with figures of the born savior and the Virgin Mary, surrounded by shepherds and angels, donkeys, camels and other animals. Once upon a time, every Czech family made their own model of a manger made of wood, straw, paper and clay. Today, more and more professional artists are engaged in the production of Betlem, exhibiting their works in churches and on city squares. Such exhibitions are akin to puppet theatrical performances telling about the main miracle of Christmas - smart dolls move and sing, and in some places you can see live donkeys and ponies, ceremoniously carrying happy children along the winter sidewalks. In the Czech Republic, a whole cult of the baby Jesus has been created - here he is affectionately called Ezhishka (Ezulatko), depicted as a festively dressed ruddy doll. The Ezulatka Museum in Prague displays dresses made for the baby Jesus by queens and princesses from all over the world.
On the first day of Christmas, December 25, on the embankments of the Vltava - on this river are the cities of Cesky Krumlov, Ceske Budejovice, Prague - people come with aquariums, buckets, pots and bags filled with water. This tradition appeared relatively recently, but every year more and more kind-hearted Czechs bring carp to the river, which should have become a Christmas dinner. The fishes who have spent Christmas evening in the bathtubs and basins on the tables, have already managed to get names, are solemnly released into the cold waters of the river.
The Czech Christmas tale does not end there. On December 26, on the day of St. Stephen, it is customary for Czechs to examine betlemas and sing carols; on the day of Jan the Evangelist, December 27, the rite of purification of wine takes place, and on December 31, along with the New Year in the Czech Republic, St. Sylvester's Day comes, on which it is customary to visit relatives and give gifts.
The merry din on the streets of Prague and thirteen Czech regions does not subside for a minute. The lights are still burning in the windows of houses, bunches of mistletoe on the front doors gleam with gold wrapping paper, spruces, firs and pines growing in huge flower pots still look fresh and fabulous, and above the red brick roofs covered with white snow, the wind blows with renewed vigor carries the enticing smells of fried sausages and gingerbreads in glaze, aromas of punch, grog and mulled wine.
Recipes
Christmas punch
Ingredients:
200 ml rum 
100 g raisins
½ l strong black tea
½ l red wine
a few slices of lemon
2 slices of whole cinnamon
4 things. dried cloves
Preparation:
Soak the raisins in rum for a few hours. Then bring the blended tea, red wine, lemon slices, cinnamon pieces, and dried cloves to a boil. Pour rum with raisins soaked in it into thick glass glasses, pour on top with a slightly cooled drink from tea and wine, after removing the spices.
Christmas gingerbread cookie
Ingredients:
225 g flour 
90 g butter
90 g sugar
1 egg
1 tbsp ground ginger
ground cinnamon, cloves on the tip of a knife
1 sachet of baking powder or 1 tsp soda, slaked in vinegar
Preparation:
Whisk in softened butter and sugar. Beat the egg separately, add ground ginger, cinnamon, cloves, whipped butter with sugar, baking powder or soda, slaked in vinegar, flour. Knead the dough and refrigerate for 15 minutes. Place the chilled dough on a floured work surface and roll out a 3 mm thick layer. Using various molds, cut out the cookies, put them on a baking sheet, cover the bottom of which with baking paper, and place them in the oven, preheated to 180 degrees, for 15-20 minutes.
Vanilla crescent moons (horns)
Ingredients:
280 g flour
200 butter
80 g icing sugar
vanilla sugar
100 g ground walnuts
Preparation:
Sift flour, vanilla sugar and powdered sugar, ground walnuts in a deep bowl. Gradually stir in softened butter, knead the dough, wrap it in food foil and refrigerate for 30-40 minutes. Form small crescent-shaped bagels from the chilled dough, place on a baking sheet, cover the bottom of which with baking paper, and bake in an oven preheated to 180 degrees until the bagels are lightly browned. Sprinkle the finished cookies with icing sugar.
Christmas gingerbread
Ingredients:
650 g flour
250 g icing sugar
50 g butter, melted
100 g of liquid honey
3 eggs
1 tsp cocoa
1 tsp salt
2 tsp a mixture of ground cloves, allspice, cinnamon and a pinch of ginger
For glaze:
150 g icing sugar
1 protein
1 tsp starch
A few drops of lemon juice
Preparation: 
Mix melted butter with honey, add eggs, cocoa, salt, seasoning mixture to the cooled mixture. Sift flour and icing sugar on a board, add the mixture obtained earlier, knead the dough and leave under plastic wrap for 24 hours. The next day, roll out a layer 0.5 cm thick from the dough and use various molds to cut the gingerbread cookies. If the dough seems too tight to you, hold it in a water bath for a while. Put the gingerbread cookies on a greased baking sheet and bake until tender at a temperature of 160-190 degrees.
Decorate the cooled gingerbread cookies with icing made from powdered sugar, whipped with protein with the addition of lemon juice and starch.
Christmas carp baked in the oven with sage
Ingredients:
1 carp
120 g butter
125 g cream
Preparation: 
Gut and clean the fish from the scales, divide the carcass into two parts, pepper, salt and sprinkle with sage. Melt 80 g of butter on a baking sheet, place the carp, top the fish with the remaining melted butter. Bake the fish in the oven at a high temperature, periodically pouring fish stock or water over the carp. Put the finished fish on a dish and cover with a lid. Mix the juice remaining after cooking the fish with the cream, bring to a boil and pour over the carp.
Brambor (potato) salad
Ingredients:
300 g potatoes
juice and zest of 1 lime
50 ml olive oil
10 g freshly grated ginger
green onions
ground white pepper
Preparation:
Peel the potatoes, cut into 1cm cubes and boil in salted boiling water. Rinse the finished potatoes with cold water and transfer to a bowl. For dressing, combine lime zest and juice, ginger, finely chopped green onions, ground white pepper and olive oil. Season the potatoes with the mixture and refrigerate. Sour cream with chopped mint can be served with the salad.
Lebanese (pancakes)
Ingredients:
½ l warm milk
500 g flour
2 eggs
30 g yeast
60 g sugar
10 g lemon zest
100 g marmalade 
80 g cottage cheese
salt
Preparation:
Prepare yeast dough using the sponge method using yeast, sugar, milk, flour, a pinch of salt, lemon zest and eggs.
Grease a skillet with melted fat and fry small pancakes in it until golden brown. Grease the finished pancakes with marmalade, sprinkle with cottage cheese. Lebanese can be served with sour cream or whipped cream.
Dumplings with fruit
Ingredients:
250 g cottage cheese
1 egg
2 tbsp decoys
ground crackers 
pieces of any fruit or dried apricots
cinnamon
powdered sugar
vanilla sugar
melted butter
Preparation:
Knead the dough from cottage cheese, eggs, semolina and 1 tbsp. ground crackers. Shape into cakes 5 cm in diameter and 0.5 cm thick, place fresh fruit or dried apricots in the center of the cakes, sprinkle with cinnamon and cover the cakes well, giving them the shape of balls with filling inside. Boil the dumplings in boiling salted water, sprinkle with toasted breadcrumbs, powdered sugar and vanilla sugar, cover with melted butter.
Christmas little vanochka
Ingredients:
1 kg flour 
¼ l milk
80 g yeast
200 g icing sugar
2 eggs
250 g butter
vanilla sugar
zest of 1 lemon
almond
raisin
salt
Preparation:
To make Christmas Vanochka, knead a dough of milk, yeast and a little sugar. Stir in flour, icing sugar, vanilla sugar, grated lemon zest, a pinch of salt, 1 egg, and softened butter. Add the resulting mixture, chopped almonds and raisins (to taste) to the finished dough, knead the dough and leave to rise for 3 hours. The dough must be "kneaded" twice and allowed to rise again. From the risen dough, braid into braids, transfer to a greased baking sheet, brush with beaten egg, sprinkle with chopped almonds, pierce in several places with a wooden stick and let stand for another 15 minutes. Bake the pie for 20 minutes in an oven preheated to 175 degrees, then reduce the temperature to 150 degrees and bake for another 30 minutes. The readiness of the dough is determined with a wooden stick: pierce the dough in the "thickest" area and, if the stick remains dry, the pie is ready.
Kellemes Karácsonyi Ünnepeket és boldog Új Évet kívánunk!
We wish you a Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Bé ké s, boldogkará csonyi ü nnepeket é seredmé nyekbengazdag ú j é vetkí vá nunk!
We wish you Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Kö szö njü kamú lt é vbentanú sí tottbizalmukot, kellemeskará csonyi ü nnepet é ssikerekbengazdag, boldog ú j é vetkí vá nunk!
Thank you for your trust! We wish you a Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
BoldogKará csonyt é seredmé nyes ú jesztendő tkí vá nunk Ö nnek! Kö szö njü keddigibizalmá t é sremé ljü k, jö vő reiselé gedett ü gyfeleink, partnereinkkö zö tt ü dvö zö lhetjü k Ö nt!
We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Thank you for your trust and hope that in the new year we will continue our cooperation!
Bé ké s, boldogkará csonyi ü nnepeket é ssikerekbengazdag, ú jesztendő tkí vá nunk!
We wish you Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Bé ké s, boldog ü nnepeket é ssikerekbengazdag Ú j É vetkí vá nunk Ö nnek é sCsalá djá nak!
We wish you and your families a Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Kellemes ü nnepeket é ssikerekbengazdag ú jesztendő tkivá nunk!
We wish you a Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Kellemeskará csonyi ü nnepeket é sboldog ú j é vet!
Happy Christmas and Happy New Year!
Kö szö njü keddigiegyü ttmű kö dé sü ket! Kellemes ü nnepeket é ssikerekbengazdag ú jesztendő tkí vá nunk!
Thank you for your cooperation! We wish you a Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Kö zelegaz é jfé l, ismé telteltegy é v, szí vü nkbenfelé bredegy- egyré giemlé k. Felidé zzü kazelmú ltszé ppillanatokat, atovaszá lltmegnem é lt, tű nő á lmokat. Titokbanremé ljü k, boldog é vekvá rnak, nemleszbennetö bbé szomorú sá g- bá nat. Kö szö ntjü khá takö vetkező é vet, kí vá njuk, hogy á lmunksose é rjenvé get.
Midnight is approaching, another year has passed, and old memories are awakening in our hearts. Let us recall all the wonderful moments that passed which seemed to us a dream. We secretly hope that happy years await us, in which there will be no sorrow and hardship. Therefore, we celebrate the New Year, and we wish that our dreams and dreams never reach the end! Happy New Year!
AdjonIstenmindenjó t, Jobb é vet, minttavalyvolt. Mitő lfé lü nk, mentsenmeg, Amitvá runklegyenmeg. Szeretetet, bé kessé get, Egé szsé get. Boldog Ú j É vet!
Grant, Lord, all good, grant a better year than last. Let that which we fear disappear, and let that which we wait for come. Love, peace, health. Happy New Year!
Kö zelegaz é jfé l, ismé telteltegy é v, szí vü nkbenfelé bredegy- egyré giemlé k. Kö szö ntjü khá takö vetkező é vet, kí vá njuk, hogy á lmunksose é rjenvé get. Ehhez kívánok nektek Boldog Új Évet!
Midnight is approaching, another year has passed, old memories are waking up in our hearts. Happy New Year, wish your dreams never reach the end. Happy New Year!
Virradjonrá dszé pnap, kö szö ntsö nrá djó é v, kedveshajlé kodbakö ltö zzö najó lé t. Alelkedbeboldogsá g, aszí vedbebé ke, eztkí vá nomNekedaz ú j é vre.
May a beautiful day bloom over you, may a good year greet you, may grace come on you. And happiness reigns in your soul, peace in your heart. This is what I wish you in the new year!
Kö zelegaz é jfé lmá rmegintelteltegy é v ! Szí vü nkben. felé brednekaré giemlé kek! Legyé lboldog. ebbenaz é vben ! É ntisztaszí vembő lkí vá nokmindenkinekBoldog Ú j É vet!
Midnight is approaching, another year has passed again! Old memories come to life in our hearts! Be happy this year! From the bottom of my heart I wish everyone a Happy New Year!
Eljö ttaz é vnekutolsó napja, jó kí vá nsá gokattö ltö kapezsgő spoharadba. Legyé lnagyonszerencsé s, gazdag é svidá m, Talá ljonRá daz ú j é vbenazigaziboldogsá g. BUÉK.
The last day has come. I fill your glass of champagne with good wishes. Be happy, rich and cheerful! May real happiness find you in the new year! Wish you a happy new year!
BoldogKará csonyt!
Merry Christmas!
KellemesKará csonyi Ü nnepeket é sBoldog Ú j É vetor simplyBUÉ K!
Literally: Happy Christmas and Happy New Year!
BoldogKará csonyt é sBoldog Ú j É vet!
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
Boldogkará csonyt! Kellemeskará csonyi ü nnepeketmindenkinek!
Merry Christmas! Happy Christmas holidays!
Ö rö mö dsoklegyen, bá natodsemmi, segí tsenazIstenboldognaklenni. Legyé lmindigvidá m ö rü ljmindenszé pnek, BoldogKará csonytkí vá nokneked!
Be happy, may disagreements bypass you, may the Lord help you to be happy! Be always cheerful and rejoice in all that is beautiful, I wish you a Merry Christmas!
Kelemeskará csonyi Ü nnepeketmidenismerö sö mnek!
Happy Christmas Holidays to all my friends!
Ahogyahó
piheszá
llkitartottkezedre, ú
gyszá
lljonfü
ledbeangyalok é
neke.
Melengesseszí
vedetsoksokszeretet í
gykí
vá
noknekedboldog ü
nnepeket!
As a snowflake falls on your hand, let the song of the angels be heard by you (in your ears). Let your heart warm a lot, a lot of love! Wish you happy Christmas holidays!
Csillagfé nyes á lmaidvá ljanakvaló ra, legyen ü nneplelkednekmindennap é s ó ra. Kerü ljeabá nat ö rö kreelhá zad, é rjenannyiboldogsá g, mitembercsakkí vá nhat!
May all your dreams come true, may every day and every hour be a holiday. May disagreements always go around your home, and may there be as much happiness as a person can only wish for!
Ahó alattalszanakahá zak, Azegé szvilá gcsupavará zslat. S, mintvalamitü ndé rá lom. Eljö nhozzá nkszentKará csony. Bé ké s ü nnepeketkivá nok!
Houses are sleeping under the snow, and the whole world is magical, and as if a fabulous dream comes to us Christmas. Wish you Happy Christmas Holidays!
Mennyeiszeretetjá rja á tafö ldet, Mosolyogj , ü nnepelj, felejtsdelakö nnyet. Angyalká krepdessé kkö rbeaTefá dat, Boldogsá g, bé kessé g á ldjamegahá zad! BOLDOGKARÁ CSONYT!
How much love is on earth, smile, celebrate and forget about tears. Angels circle around your Christmas tree, fortunately and for peace, they bless your home. Merry Christmas!
Kiskará csony, nagykará csony, angyalcsó kjará tokszá lljon. hozzonnektekmindenjó t, necsakalmá t, mogyoró t. Boldogsá got, bé kessé get, szé pjö vő t, melegsé get. Bé ké sKará csonytkí vá nunkneked!
Little Christmas, Big Christmas, the angel kisses you, let him bring you all the good, not just apples and peanuts. Happiness, peace, wonderful future, warmth. We wish you a peaceful Christmas!
Akkorszé pakará csony, hafehé rbentalá lom, akkorszé paz é letem, hamegosztod é nvelem!
Then it's a perfect Christmas if it's white. And my life is wonderful if you share it with me!
Thanks for helping the instructors create this post. Hungarian language Mary and Julia)
New knowledge - new opportunities!
