6 - When sewing sewing machine on a soft substrate, then the machine firstly: does not spoil the surface of the table. And secondly, it makes less noise, because the table top does not resonate. We sew a beautiful backing ourselves and along the way we sew on it the so necessary pockets for tools and for trimming threads.
7 - And after the end of the work, the substrate turns into a case:
8 - Felt needle pad - glued to the surface of the machine.
9 - Organizer for sewing tools small size useful on the road. Such a travel kit will help out great if you urgently need to sew or sew up something.
We went to St. Petersburg this summer and stayed there for three weeks. And the lining of my backpack came off. It became so uncomfortable to walk with him - neither put nor get anything. The threads from the lining began to “fringe” and cling to objects inside - a wallet, an umbrella.
Would you like to sew it up? So there is nothing with me - no thread, no needles. I had to look for and buy at least some necessary tools. And I don't know anything in St. Petersburg - where are the handicraft shops? I accidentally bought a small sewing kit in a stall. And even then - the needle is blunt, the thimble is tiny. And I work uncomfortably with "foreign" instruments. And so - if I had such a traveling organizer with me - I would just take it out and that's it.
11 - The following device can be tied with rubber bands to each machine - a container for cut threads is always needed. So there will always be a collection of small garbage at hand and the room will be clean.
12 - If you have a large number of tapes different colors- for embroidery with ribbons, for example, you can store such sets in such bags, sewn from fabric on syndepon.
Sindepon holds its shape well in small-sized objects - and you can also sew such bags from fabrics matching the color with ribbons or floss threads, which will be stored in these containers:
13 - And here is the last idea that I have already tried and sewed myself a similar organizer.
A large number of pins and a container for cut threads are something that I have been constantly lacking lately.
14 - Such devices can be carried and placed on each working machine.
The shape of the needle pad can be different:
15 - The important essence of such a device: it is easy to attach it both on the table and on the back or armrest of the chair where you work - in front of the TV, for example. After all, many embroiderers like to turn on their favorite TV series and calmly listen to it while doing their work.
So, to the point: I made myself such an organizer from chintz and syndepon. But the most important thing was revealed at the end of the work - such an organizer slips and slides off the table. And what I did to improve the product - you will find out at the end of the master class. It now sits perfectly on the smoothest table surface and doesn't move.
So, I cut out blanks from chintz:
1 - Two rectangles for the pillow - about 8cm by 16cm
2 - The very basis of the organizer is a rectangle of about 30 by 20 cm - see for yourself which one you need. Lined - that is, 2 pieces
3 - Straight strip of fabric 45 cm long and 3.5 cm wide - for a loop - 1 piece
4 - Rectangle for box - bag: approx. 50 cm by 30 cm - 1 piece
5 - not shown in the photo. But this is a detail of the lining for the bag - I have it pink and a little smaller in height than the bag itself. Therefore, you will learn about it later.
Parts 2 and 4 are duplicated by syndepon.
I put the syndepon on part 2 between two layers, and previously I smeared the fabric with textile glue - this is more convenient to quilt.
Sindepon, by the way, can be delaminated and used in a thin layer - so the substrate will be thinner.
We coat the fabric with glue and apply syndepon scraps - waste-free production:
We start with a pouch that attaches to the backing of the organizer:
Adjusting the fabric to syndepon
We make - we sew the lining - it is the same size as the box itself, but 10 cm lower in height. Why: I just chose this way of processing the top of the box - a bag.
Now we sew the sides of the box and sew up the corners.
Cut off the corners:
We put the lining in the box:
A little trick: the details are small and it is inconvenient to fiddle with the lining - the syndepon interferes with inserting the lining evenly and correctly distributing it in the corners of the bag. I did this - I first sewed the corners of the lining to the corners of the top of the box:
And after turning the box inside out, the lining got up as it should - easy and simple:
The upper cut of the box was swept and tucked inward by 5 cm:
The hem of the upper edge of the box was hemmed with blind stitches, turned out for convenience on the seamy side:
Sew the pad and fill it with syndepon:
The backing is made simply: quilting, sewing on a loop for attaching the bag and edging the entire backing. Then we attach the bag and the needle pad to the backing. The pillow can be sewn on, glued on. Or you can adapt a kakue - a box of a suitable size - there will be an additional container for threads, for example.
To attach a spool of thread, I sewed on two buttons and stretched a rubber band between them:
Sew a button inside the bag and attach it to the loop of the organizer.
But the backing began to slide off the table as soon as I fastened the bag.
I took a glue gun
and applied with seamy side backing a few drops of glue the size of a 10 - kopeck coin.
It turned out 12 points.
Attachments to sewing machines can increase labor productivity, improve the quality of product processing.
Accessories for sewing machines include: a folding two-track sliding ruler, a foot with two folding guide rulers, a foot for threading a cord, a foot for sewing an edge or tape, a sewing machine foot, a foot for making gathers, a forming guide, a ruler-edging.
Folding two-track sliding ruler. This ruler is used for stitching parallel to the cut of the material or for operations that require two parallel stitches along the edge (sides, collars, cuffs, belts).
Presser foot with two fold-down ruler guides. It is used for sewing seams in outerwear and light clothing.
Cord-bridging foot. It is used for finishing women's and children's products.
Foot for laying edges or braids. It is used for sewing trimming tapes on women's and children's dresses and second products.
Sewing foot. It is used when stitching cuts and sewing seams in linen.
Gathering foot. It is used for finishing women's and children's products.
Shaping guide. It is used when processing sections of parts and products from silk and cotton fabrics with a seam in a hem with a closed or open cut.
Ruler-edging. It is used for edging parts.
Machine needle
One of the main working organs of the sewing machine involved in the formation of stitches is the needle.
When sewing fabrics according to the thread number, the needle number is selected.
In the instructions for each sewing machine the type, group and number of the needle used depending on the technological purpose of the machine are indicated.
A type- determines the shape of the needle blade and the type of sharpening of the point.
Group- determines the main dimensions of the needle: total length, bulb length, blade length. Groups are designated by capital letters of the Russian alphabet: A, B, C, etc.
Needle number- numerically equal to the blade diameter, expressed in hundredths of a millimeter. The needle number is usually stamped on its bulb.
rice. Machine needle
A. Spearhead
B. Blades
B. Long chute
D. Short chute
D. Kolba
e. Ear
Locking stitch properties
The double thread shuttle stitch is made up of two threads, upper and lower, which must be intertwined in the middle of the fabric to be sewn. Upper thread A is called needle thread because it is passed through the eye of the needle; the lower thread B is called the shuttle thread - it is wound on a bobbin inserted inside the shuttle set.
The distance between two adjacent needle punctures determines stitch length .
The shuttle stitch is difficult to open and strong enough to tear both along and across the seam. The shuttle stitch has a low stretch compared to the chain stitch and is widely used for making different types clothes and linen.
rice. Double thread shuttle stitch
When determining the cost of threads for the formation of a shuttle stitch, the processing factor is taken into account, which on average is even 1.2-1.7. Yes, with a processing factor of even 1.3, 13 cm of the upper and 13 cm of the lower threads are spent on a 10 cm seam. The value of the processing factor depends on the stitch length, thickness and properties of the fabrics being sewn, the degree of thread tension and other factors.
The disadvantages of lockstitch machines in comparison with chainstitch machines include the fact that more complex mechanisms are needed to form a stitch, for example, a shuttle set, which consists of a large number of parts and, in comparison with the looper of a chainstitch machine, requires constant waste - cleaning and smeared. The presence of a bobbin in the hook set reduces the utilization rate of the machine, since the bobbin can be changed up to 70-80 times during the change. For example, when stitching a stepped cut of trousers on a machine of 97 cl. OZLM takes 3-5% of the working time to refill the bobbin. We look at the principle of stitch formation on a machine with a shuttle that rotates.
The upper thread from the spool 5 (Fig., Position I) is traced between the washers 3 of the tension regulator, inserted into the eye of the thread take-up 4 and threaded into the eye of the needle 2. Needle 2 pierces the fabrics, passes the upper thread through the fabrics and descends to the lowest position. When lifting, the needle forms a loop from the thread, which is captured by the nose of the shuttle I.
rice. 4. The principle of forming a lockstitch
The needle (Fig. 4, pos. II) begins to rise up, the nose 6 of the shuttle, capturing the loop of the upper thread, expands it. Thread take-up 4 moves down and feeds the thread to the hook. The loop of the upper thread is looped around the bobbin by the hook (fig. 4, item III).
When the loop of the upper thread has been circled at an even angle of more than 180 ° (fig. 4, pos. IV), the thread take-up pulls up and tightens the stitch. Rail 7 will move the fabrics by the length of the stitch.
The hook (fig. 4, pos. V) idles so that other working parts of the machine (needle, rail and thread take-up) would have time to finish their work during this time.
All machines with shuttles that oscillate, which are less common in the garment industry due to the presence of an uneven movement of the shuttle, work on the same principle.
Machine variants 97 - A class. OZLM
Machine 397 cl. created on the basis of the machine 97-A class. and differs from it in the presence of a knife mechanism.
The machine is designed for sewing in pieces of cotton, woolen and silk fabrics with a single-line lockstitch stitch while cutting fabric cuts parallel to the sewing line. Main shaft rotation frequency up to 4500 rpm, stitch length, up to 4 mm.
Machine 297 cl. structurally different from the machine 97 -A class. OZLM in that the mechanisms of the upper fabric engine, movable foot and knife are added. The machine is equipped with a device for determining the size of the landing of the lower fabric, and the unit of horizontal displacements of the lower rail has been structurally changed.
The machine is designed for sewing in details of upper garments made of suiting and coat fabrics with a single-line double-thread shuttle stitch with simultaneous seating of the lower fabric and cutting off the cut of the parts parallel to the sewing line. Main shaft speed up to 2500 rpm, stitch length up to 3 mm.
Machine 597 M cl. , in contrast to the car 97-A class. has a needle that deviates.
The machine is suitable for sewing fabrics made from natural fibers and fabrics containing synthetic fibers with a single-line lockstitch stitch. Main shaft speed up to 4500 rpm, stitch length 4 mm.
Machine 697 cl. , differs from the car 97-A class. the presence of a differential mechanism for moving the fabric, which consist of two rails.
The machine is designed for sewing in garments made of fabrics containing natural and synthetic fibers with a single line lockstitch. The main shaft rotation speed is 4500 rpm, the stitch length is 4.5 mm.
Machine 897 cl. , in contrast to the car 97-A class. has significant design differences. First, the top and bottom rails are used to transport fabrics; Secondly, instead of a cam thread take-up that rotates, a thread take-up of a hinged rod system is used. The machine has an automatic bobbin winder built into the sleeve of the machine. Automatic oppressive oil is applied. The machine has a device for securing the stitching. Main shaft frequency up to 4200 rpm, stitch length up to 4 mm.
Topic: Sewing Machine Attachments.
Applying a zigzag stitch
The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with the accessories for the sewing machine and their purpose; with the rules of safe work; using a zigzag stitch; with the peculiarities of overcasting thick and thin fabrics; teach how to sew buttonholes and process a longitudinal cut with a zigzag stitch; bring up accuracy in work.
Visual aids: safety tables; samples,
processed with a zigzag stitch.
Tools and equipment: work box, cloth, scissors,
iron, sewing machine.
Lesson progress
- I.Organizing time.
- II.Homework check.
Check the elimination of the shortcomings identified in the manufacture of samples of connecting and edge seams.
III. Main part.
Theoretical information 1. Attachments to the sewing machine.
With the help of modern sewing machines, you can not only grind pieces of fabric, but also overcast crumbling sections, sew on buttons, make buttonholes, etc.
Small-scale mechanization devices are produced for household machines. Each sewing machine comes with a set of additional feet and accessories for sewing various stitches and seams.
Structural diagrams provide a visual representation of the structure and interaction of the links of the mechanism.
These fixtures can be divided into three groups:
devices for making various seams (switch foot, stapler foot);
restrictive and guiding e(foot with a guide ruler);
special devices (darning, button sewing feet).
- Gathering foot for gathering fabric in one piece
and at the same time sews it to the unassembled part. - The seaming foot is used for sewing a cut of fabric with
simultaneous hemming. - Feet for sewing on buttons and making buttonholes.
2. Rules for installing devices on the sewing machine
car.
Place the needle bar (7) in the upper position.
Loosen the adjusting screw (2), remove the presser foot (3).
/ Bring the presser foot with your right hand (4) (for example, the stitching foot) to the presser bar (5) so that the groove of the fastening screw (6) fits under the adjusting screw (2).
Tighten the adjusting screw.
3. Rules for safe work.
The rules for installing small mechanization devices and working with them are the same as when working on a sewing machine. However, one must remember:
When installing accessories, do not keep your feet on the pedals.
Before work, check the correct installation of the device. (Does the adjusting screw hold the foot well? Is it parallel to the feed dog teeth? Does the needle go through the needle hole?)
When installing and removing devices, small mechanization, you must use a screwdriver to better fix it on the foot holder.
4. Overcasting of buttonholes.
IV ... Checking and evaluating the completed practical work.
IV ... Control questions.
- What adaptations are fewqmechanization do you know?
- Ø What is the collection foot used for?
- Ø What are the rules for installing attachments on a machine?
- Ø What are the safety features of using attachments to the sewing machine?
V . Homework.
Eliminate shortcomings in work after self-control and teacher verification.
Working with the portal
For all questions related to educational spaces, please contact the technical support of the School in Kapotnya.
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Topic: Sewing machine attachments. Applying attachments to the sewing machine
Lesson objectives: 1. To acquaint students with the accessories for the sewing machine and their purpose; with the rules of safe work; teach how to sew buttonholes
2 Develop practical sewing machine skills;
3. Contribute to the formation of accuracy, aesthetic taste and practicality
During the classes
I Organizational moment
II Repetition of what has been learned
- Classification of textile fibers (on the board)
What are the raw materials for the production of artificial fibers? Synthetic fibers?
III Psychological preparation
Work in pairs (by cards)
Unravel the anagrams
gail, viodpr, hokivma, stick, gutilorre. (needle, drive, handwheel, foot, adjuster)
What do these words have in common?
Topic message
What do you think we will be doing in the lesson?
V Learning new material
When did the sewing machine appear?
The first sewing machine project was proposed at the endXvcentury Leonardo da Vinci. But the machine was not perfect, it copied the principle of manual stitching. The inventors experimented for a very long time with the location of the eyelet on the needle. It was only in 1834 that the American Walter Hunt invented a needle with an eye on the pointed end of the needle and a shuttle. The most famous company producing sewing machines is Singer. Since then, the car has changed a lot. Now there are software-controlled sewing machines, they are connected to the Internet. Themselves are configured and perform a lot of different operations.
With the help of modern sewing machines, you can not only grind pieces of fabric, but also overcast crumbling cuts, sew on buttons, make buttonholes, etc. Small-scale mechanization devices are produced for household machines... Each sewing machine comes with a set of additional feet and accessories for sewing various stitches and seams.
Work with text
Read the text, look at the different feet, read what they are for.
Working in groups
Determine the names of the available legs from the picture.
4 Rules for installing the device
Place the needle bar in the upper position.
- Loosen the adjusting screw, remove the presser foot.
- With your right hand, move the presser foot to the presser bar so that the groove of the fastening screw fits under the adjusting screw.
- Tighten the adjusting screw.
3. Rules for safe work.
How to organize your workplace correctly?
What safety precautions must be followed when using the sewing machine?
The rules for installing a small mechanization device and working with them are the same as when working on a sewing machine. However, one must remember:
1. When installing accessories, do not keep your feet on the pedals.
2. Before work, check the correct installation of the device. (Does the adjusting screw hold the foot well? Is it parallel to the teeth of the motor rack
fabrics? Does the needle go through the needle hole?).
3. When installing and removing small mechanization devices, you must use a screwdriver for better fixing it on the foot holder.
Fizminutka
Practical work (some of the students do manual stitches)
Repetition of safety precautions
1 "Buttonhole sewing" (according to instruction cards)
Attach the buttonhole foot. Thread thin threads into a needle number 70 - 80.
- Set the dial switch to the zigzag stitch: length 1 mm; width 2 mm.
- Set the needle to the left and pass the stitches along the left half of the buttonhole.
- Return the needle to the middle position, double the stitch width and sew 3-4 stitches for a staple.
Set the previous stitch width, put the needle in the right position. Run stitches along the second half of the buttonhole.
- At the end of the stitching, sew several double-width stitches for the second bartack
2. Applying a zigzag stitch.
To protect the cuts of the product from shedding, overcasting with a zigzag stitch is used.
The choice of stitch length and width depends on the type of fabric: for very loose fabric - wide stitches and a small distance between them; for not very loose fabric - the stitches are narrow, and the distance between them increases.
When processing thin fabrics, the zigzag stitch is laid at a distance of 5 mm from the cut, and then the seam allowances are cut off close to the stitches.
Blind hemming
Sewing on buttons
VI Lesson summary
VII Assignment at home § 17 to answer the questions. Bring 10x10 cm scraps of fabric
The quality of the turned clothes will largely depend on the correct selection. the necessary tool and accessories. A well-equipped workplace allows the worker to increase labor productivity and at the same time perform various operations with high quality.
The following are the most common accessories used when sewing outerwear.
Folding two-arm sliding ruler(fig. 119) is used when making seams of various widths, turning the edges of valve parts, straps, sides and finishing the edges of parts with one or two lines.
: 1 - folding; 2 - main; 3 - lever; 4 - the base of the ruler; 5 - product detail.
Foot with movable fence(fig. 120) is used when stitching various seams - side, shoulder, elbow, etc., patch pockets, cuffs, as well as when applying finishing parallel stitches at different distances from the edges of the sides, collar, flaps, straps, etc.
Guide foot(fig. 121) is used when making stitching and topstitching seams, turning the edges of parts (edging of the hem, bottom, etc.), imposing finishing stitching along the edge of valves, straps, belt, sides, collar, if stitches and seams of the same width are provided.
1 - foot: 2 - lever; 3 - side of the ruler; 4 - product detail.
: 1 - foot: 2 - side of the foot.
Sewing foot(fig. 122) is used when sewing side, shoulder, elbow sewing seams when sewing products from cotton clothing fabrics.
1 - foot stand; 2 - foot: 3 - hinge.
Ruler-edging with one-sided hemming of fabric (Fig. 123) is used in the manufacture of products without lining for edging the inner edges of the hem, side edges of the floor, the bottom of the product, etc.
: 1 - bracket; 2 - edging cheeks; 3 - slot for fastening to the machine platform.
For work, the edging is attached to the machine platform. The end of the strip or tape intended for edging is folded in half, cut off at an angle, the wide end of the edging is tucked in and, using a hook, it is taken out through the narrow end.
The edge of the part intended for edging is inserted between the upper and lower cheeks of the edging so that the edge of the fabric touches the opposite wall of the edging. In this position, throughout the entire edging, hold the edge of the product with the left hand. Simultaneously right hand direct the tape or strip for the edging into the edging.
Moving the ruler across the platform, adjust the line that sews the strip to the edge of the part.
Apparatus for making belt loops or hangers(fig. 124) allows you to obtain belt loops of the exact width. When using the device, a strip of fabric fed into the switch is folded with the right edge once, with the left edge - twice and directed under the needle of the machine.
1 - switch; 2 - mounting plate; 3 - folding plate; 4 - foot: 5 - ready-made belt loop.
Cotton quilting foot(fig. 125) creates comfort when stitching; thanks to her, the lines fall at the same distance from each other.
The roller foot (fig. 126) is used instead of the foot when sewing the edges of cotton pad parts. The rotating roller crumples the loose edges of the parts to be joined, which contributes to a good seam.
