All women want to look attractive and irresistible, not only for men, but also for themselves. In addition, any woman wants to always stand out among other women, to feel beautiful. Unfortunately, not always a woman can decide to radically change her appearance. Every woman dreams of having long and thick hair. Hair Extensions Help Change Your appearance, as well as solve problems with weak and thin hair and an unsuccessful haircut.
What is hair extension?
Hair extension consists of adding extra strands to existing hair. For hair extensions, specially prepared natural hair, divided into small strands. There are several hair extension technologies that differ in the way they are fixed.
Hair Extension Technologies.
It should be noted that the longest length that you can extend your hair is 70 cm. In this case, the length of your own hair should not be less than 15 cm, since it will not withstand a strand of hair extensions. If the length is less than 15 cm, you can extend the hair to a shorter length (from 50 to 30 cm). The term for wearing hair extensions is in direct proportion to the condition of the wearer's own hair. With weakened hair, or if the hair has been dyed or discolored, it is necessary to remove them after three months of wearing hair extensions to allow the hair to rest, or to make a new extension. In case the hair is healthy and full of energy, the term of wearing hair extensions can increase up to six months. There are many ways to extend hair, but they are based on hot and cold methods of hair attachment.
The hot method of hair extension involves the use of special capsules as attachments, in which the resin is located. With the help of a glue gun and keratin resin, about 40-60 donor hairs are "soldered" to your hair, thus forming a whole strand. During the session, about 130 to 160 of these strands are built up. The main advantage of this extension method is its versatility, since it suits absolutely everyone. This method helps to create a unique image, and you yourself can participate in choosing the shade and color of your hair.
The cold method of hair extension provides two ways of attaching the hair: the first is with the help of metal clips. This method has a slight drawback, for a very long time there is a sensation of a foreign body in the hair, the second - by gluing strands. This method is more practical, it does not injure the hair. However, after such a procedure, you cannot visit the sauna, pool and dive into the sea.
The cold glue method of building is considered one of the most difficult to perform, so it is best to entrust this procedure to an experienced master. The advantage of this method is very small, but strong capsules (microcapsules) - these are the junction points of your own and donor hair. Hair is worn for an ideal long time, it is not combed out, the capsules do not slide out. This method is performed with a two-component composition - glue and fixer. The glue is transparent and black, the use of one color or another depends on the color and type of hair.
Let's consider the main methods of hair extension.
Afro-strengthening (sewing on the weft).
This building method is one of the first. The essence of this method consists in weaving African braids around the head and sewing on the tamed hair on these braids. Sewing on the woven threads is completely invisible. Taoke build-up is done in a short period of time. This method of building up is carried out without products of the chemical industry, only natural ingredients are used, and does not require thermal exposure. Afro-extension is not a long-term method, the wearing period depends on the intensity of your own hair growth. In addition, aphronology restricts the use of certain types of hairstyles.
Bonding (gluing the weft to the head).
The essence of this method consists in dividing the head into zones with horizontal partings, to which the tress is subsequently glued using a special adhesive. Bonding does not require application high temperatures, and is pretty fast way building, that is, it takes a short period of time. This method has its drawbacks, for example, the glue used contains a chemical that can cause an allergic reaction upon contact with the skin. In addition, it also restricts the use of certain hairstyles.
The Italian way of hair extension.
This method is very common and is based on the hot hair extension method. With this extension method, ready-made natural hair strands are used (meet European standards) with a soldered capsule attached to them. Hair, starting from the back of the head, is divided into strands, to which natural strands with ready-made capsules are glued using a special electric apparatus. The solder capsules are 1 cm from the roots. They can be in the form of flat small sticks, and also resemble the shape of a nail. The master, using a special apparatus, heats the keratin, on the basis of which the capsules are made, to the desired temperature, and solders it to your hair. With this method of extension, the hair can be repainted and tinted. The use of a variety of hairstyles is not limited. This method involves wearing hair extensions for a long time. This method has its drawbacks: the long duration of the extension, the use of high temperatures, the use of keratin and liquid to remove it negatively affects the hair structure.
English way of hair extension.
This method is also based on the hot build-up method. For this method of building up, a gun and building glue are used. The technology is similar to the Italian extension method, the hair is attached with resin, which is heated by the master with a special gun. This method also provides for long-term wearing of hair and does not limit the use of a variety of hairstyles. However, it also has disadvantages: the use of thermal effects, the use of glue that negatively affects the hair and a rather long procedure.
Spanish way of hair extension.
The Spanish method is based on the cold hair extension method. In this case, the strands are attached using a special glue and fixer, while the adhesions are small and flat, so they are almost invisible on the hair. This method also involves wearing the hair for a long time.
Ultrasonic hair extension technology.
The ultrasonic method refers to the hardware methods of building up. The ultrasonic device allows you to extend hair using the hot method without the use of high temperatures. With this method, the time of the building itself is significantly reduced.
Tape method of hair extension.
This method involves building up the finished strands "on tape" using an adhesive composition I to the native strands. The advantage of this method is a high rate of build-up without thermal effects. However, this method limits the use of some hairstyles.
South Korean way of hair extension.
This method is a kind of cold extension method and is based on the use of special rings (aluminum or silicone), with the help of which the "donor" strands are attached to the hair. Tongs and hooks are used as tools.
Tresses on hairpins (short-term extension of strands on clips).
With the help of special hairpins, the overhead strands are attached to your hair. This method allows you to increase the length and volume of your hair in just a few minutes, without resorting to the help of a stylist or hairdresser.
Contraindications for hair extensions.
There are also some restrictions for the extension procedure. In cases of chemotherapy treatment, taking strong antibiotics, as well as serious scalp problems, it is worth giving up hair extensions. In addition, if the hair falls out, is severely weakened, it is also not necessary to visit the master. At the age of 16-17, it is not recommended to extend hair, since at this age they are still rather weak, and this procedure can damage the native hair. If you decide to change your image, do not rush headlong into the first salon you see. Since this procedure is not cheap (on average $ 300), it is better to contact reputable salons where they work experienced craftsmen... In addition, you will receive a guarantee for the service performed.
How to care for hair extensions:
Caring for hair extensions requires adherence to simple but mandatory rules:
- be sure to use only those products that are intended for hair extensions;
- it is strictly forbidden to sleep with wet hair;
- to avoid tangling hair, it is recommended to wash your hair only in an upright position;
- in no case should balms and other care products be rubbed into the hair roots, this can damage the hair extensions;
- you need to dry your hair either with a hairdryer, in a very short period of time at a low temperature, or just let the hair dry, after collecting the hair extensions in a bun, while not pulling the hair roots;
- dyeing hair extensions is recommended in salons, and not at home;
- for hair extensions it is prohibited to produce perm.
For banks that do not intend to significantly increase the scale of their activities, equity capital adequacy is viewed as a relative indicator. However, this cannot be understood as if not particularly ambitious banks may not think about increasing their capital at all; to a certain extent they also have such a need.
At first, The position of the regulatory authorities on this matter is known and may lead to further tightening of requirements for the relative capital adequacy, which can be expressed in various indirect ways (change in the method of calculating equity funds taken into account when calculating mandatory ratios, change in the values of these ratios themselves).
Secondly, an increase in capital may become a necessity because it is so necessary for specific clients who would like to continue working with the bank, if it is able to carry out such operations and on such a scale that it is not currently possible for it due to the limited equity capital. Adequate capital in this aspect is a good argument in competition.
Thirdly, inflation leads to the fact that the growth of the bank's own nominal funds is generally a constant necessity.
As for other banks that are inclined to conduct aggressive expansionary policies in the markets, for them an increase in equity capital is as natural a necessary condition for their activities as attracting new customers and increasing the scale of offered products (services). The higher the share of own funds in the structure of the bank's balance sheet, the more stable it is. At the same time, excessively high level this indicator, as a rule, indicates the insufficient development of the bank as a commercial organization.
In general, the following rule is true: the bank's capital (taken into account when calculating the mandatory ratios) can be increased not only by increasing its “plus” elements (MC, etc.), but also by reducing its “minus” components. The latter are listed in the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of February 10, 2003 No. 215-P "On the methodology for determining the equity (capital) of credit institutions" (clause 2.2, Evil, 4, 5) (hereinafter - the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 215), although the validity of a number capital deductions prescribed in this Regulation raises serious doubts.
A dynamic increase in the bank's own funds is possible only in the case of effective planning of all its activities.
Sources of Capital Growth: Opportunities and Limitations
There are several such sources. Let's consider the main ones.
I. Additional contributions to the authorized capital, which can be done by the previous and (or) new participants (shareholders or shareholders) of the bank. This is the main source of growth of own funds of Russian banks at the present stage.
This source is attractive, in particular, because it is not associated with the need to pay additional taxes (as opposed to the method of increasing capital through profit). However, it is very complicated: the bank must convince the participants, including potential ones, that diverting their funds to replenish the bank's capital is justified, and the proof of this can be the provision of an acceptable level of income to the participants in the form of dividends. Consequently, dividends are the price that the bank must pay if it intends to use the considered source of increasing its capital; this price can be a heavy burden on the bank.
On this path, there are serious (although, apparently, in many respects artificial) restrictions on the extensive increase by banks of their capital. This is not counting the fact that in the Russian economy at the present stage there is generally not much free money, which banks could count on attracting in the management company.
Another important problem, also associated with the bank's AMC, is that if it is increased by the considered method, the shares of participants in the bank's ownership may change, which, depending on the circumstances, may have both positive and negative consequences or for the development of the bank as a whole ( redistribution of property is often accompanied by instability), or for individual groups of its participants. The latter are usually afraid of losing influence on the bank's affairs, therefore, even without having the funds to increase the authorized capital, they often do not want to attract new participants.
After the bank has managed to find wealthy individuals who are ready to deposit funds in its management company, and all issues have been preliminary agreed with them, it will have to overcome numerous restrictions established both in legislation and by the Central Bank, go through justification and approval procedures. The main points to which you should pay attention to Special attention have already been covered in Chapter 4 of this tutorial.
A variant of the considered method of increasing the authorized capital of a bank can be considered raising funds using the issuer's options... In accordance with Art. 2 of the Federal Law of 22.04.1996 No. 39-Φ3 "On the Securities Market", an issuer's option is an issue-grade registered security, securing the right of its owner to purchase within the period specified in it and (or) upon the occurrence of the circumstances specified in it, a certain number of shares the issuer of such an option (the right to convert into shares) at the price specified in the issuer's option. In this case, the price of the placement of shares in fulfillment of the requirements for the issuer's options is determined in accordance with the price specified in such an option.
The authorized capital of individual (problem) banks can be increased using the mechanisms prescribed in the Federal Law of 18.07.2009 No. 181-FZ "On the use of government securities of the Russian Federation to increase the capitalization of banks", the document of the Government of the Russian Federation "Rules for sending banks proposals to participate in the procedure increasing capitalization and making a decision to satisfy (refuse to satisfy) the bank's proposal to participate in the capitalization increase procedure "(approved by Resolution No. 853 of October 29, 2009) and the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated November 12, 2009 No. 347-P" On the Procedure for Payment of the Authorized Capital of Banks federal loan bonds, as well as on the procedure for issuing preferred and ordinary shares placed as part of the capitalization increase procedure. "
The rate at which the bank increases its capital is also important. The fact is that the new size of the management company also means new problems with its placement, with the number of clients served and its requests, new banking products (technologies), with the planning of all activities of the organization, with the qualifications and skills of responsible employees, etc. With this in mind, it would be imprudent to build up the Criminal Code (as well as the entire equity capital) at an excessively high, abrupt pace, i.e. such that will significantly outstrip the pace of development of other aspects of the bank's life, as a result of which the bank simply will not be able to "digest" the sharply increased amount of capital.
II. Profit is also an important source of increasing banks' equity capital. Only the profit confirmed by the auditor's report is included in the fixed capital of banks.
If the bank wants to include in the main capital the profit and funds of the current (not yet completed) fiscal year, then he will have to conduct interim audits, which is not cheap. Profits and funds not confirmed by the auditor can only be included in additional capital.
Under normal conditions, capital is largely formed at the expense of special funds generated within the bank and other own resources. This way of increasing capital is relatively quick and economical, it allows the bank to bypass some complicated procedures for registering an increase in the authorized capital, avoid large costs for the issue of new shares and losses associated with the fact that funds going to replenish the authorized capital of a joint-stock bank are temporarily frozen in a savings account with the Central Bank. RF. It is also important that an increase in capital from internal sources, as already noted, does not pose a risk of loss by existing participants of control over the bank, restrains the decline in their ownership stake and a reduction in dividend per share (share).
However, this path is also not without its drawbacks. Thus, the ability to earn profit and provide acceptable profitability depends on external economic conditions, which the bank, as a rule, cannot manage, which often makes capital increase from internal sources (profit) problematic.
ІII. Attraction of subordinated loans(deposits, loans, bonds). This method was not widely developed before the crisis, although it may seem preferable to investors who are ready to invest in a bank for a substantial period, but not as a shareholder or shareholder. For a bank, this form of capital increase may be attractive because its use is tantamount to obtaining a long-term loan and does not entail a change in the ownership structure.
The conditions that a standard subordinated loan (deposit, loan, bond loan) must meet are set out in clause 2 of Art. 50.39 of Law No. 40-FZ and in clause 3.5 of the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 215. Such a loan (deposit, loan, bond loan) received for a period of at least 5 years is included in the calculation of the borrower's bank's own funds as an element of its additional capital, if the respective loan agreement fully complies with the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 215 and the possibility of their subsequent amendment is excluded (the examination of the agreement is carried out by the TC of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation). Such inclusion is done according to the scheme (if the term for the provision of such a loan, deposit, loan, the maturity of the bonded loan is more than 5 years): in the period exceeding 5 years until the parties fully fulfill their obligations under the agreement - in full; in the last 5 years until the parties fully fulfill their obligations under the contract - at the residual value. In any case, the amount of a subordinated loan (deposit, loan) received for a period of less than 10 years, included in the additional capital, cannot exceed 50% of the share capital.
The regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 215 (sub. 2.1.12) also allows the borrowing bank to receive a so-called subordinated loan in its share capital with additional conditions for a period of at least 30 years and subject to certain special conditions. The amount of such a loan may not exceed 15% of the bank's equity capital.
In the context of the financial crisis that began in Russia in 2008, some banks were given the opportunity to receive a special kind of subordinated loans (loans) on the basis of the anti-crisis Federal Law of 13.10.2008 No. 173-Φ3 "On additional measures to support the financial system of the Russian Federation." Specifically, this meant loans from the Bank of Russia to the Savings Bank of the Russian Federation and loans from Sberbank of the Russian Federation and Vnesheconombank to other credit institutions.
Finally, it should be borne in mind that an increase in the size of the bank's charter capital must be recorded in its constituent document in the form of making the necessary changes and additions to it and, after all possible agreements with the Bank of Russia (its technical specifications), is registered by it, and the latter is associated with the need to go through a whole complex procedures, while observing a lot of formal and informal conditions, including legally established restrictions.
Thus, among the ways to increase the size of banks' own capital, there is not a single "simple" one.
Practice questions
In fig. 7.1 presents the actual data on the size and composition of the capital of Russian banks.
In 2011, equity (capital) of operating credit institutions increased by 10.8% (in 2010 - by 2.4%) and as of 01.01.2012 reached 5242.1 billion rubles. As a result of more intensive growth in nominal GDP as compared to banks' own funds, the ratio of the banking sector's capital to GDP decreased over the year from 10.5% to 9.6%. The ratio of capital to assets of the banking sector also decreased (from 14 to 12.6%). In 2011, the absolute growth of equity in the banking sector as a whole amounted to 509.8 billion rubles, which is 4.6 times more than in the previous year (111.7 billion rubles). In 2011, the structure of capital growth sources changed. The main one was profit and the funds formed from it (growth - 494.9 billion rubles, or 67.1% of the sum of sources of capital growth). The growth of the authorized capital and share premium - 184.5 billion rubles. (25% of the sum of sources of growth). In 2010, these sources increased by 115 billion rubles. The main factor reducing the sources of capital in 2011 was the investments of credit institutions in shares of subsidiaries and dependent legal entities and the authorized capital of resident credit institutions (78% of the amount of sources of reduction).
In the context of capital growth in the banking sector as a whole, a number of credit institutions experienced a reduction in capital. In 2011, a decrease in capital was noted in 126 credit institutions for a total amount of 155.8 billion rubles, or 15.4% of the capital of these banks (in 2010, for 161 banks in the amount of 185.9 billion rubles, or 6 , 4% of their capital). The largest decrease in capital was observed in individual banks controlled by the state and some banks controlled by foreign capital. Their capital decreased by 89 and 44 billion rubles. respectively; these banks as of 01.01.2012 accounted for 8.7 and 4% of the total capital of the banking sector. Sources of growth in equity funds differed slightly by groups of credit institutions. In the group of banks controlled by the state, the main factors of capital growth were profit and funds formed from it (55.6% of the total sources of growth), as well as an increase in the authorized capital and share premium (in total - 32.9%). The capitalization of banks controlled by foreign capital increased mainly due to capitalization of profits (82.5%) and share premium (12%). Capitalization of large private banks increased mainly due to profit and funds formed from it (69.9%), reduction of losses (8.7%) and growth of authorized capital (7.8%). In the group of medium and small banks in the Moscow region, equity capital increased due to the authorized capital (36.5%), subordinated loans (33.4%), profit and funds formed from it (17.9%). The capitalization of medium and small regional banks increased mainly due to an increase in the authorized capital (34.9%), a decrease in the volume of losses (18.1%), an increase in profit and funds formed from it (11.8%). In fig. 7.2 shows the dynamics of the capital of Russian banks.
By extending her nails, the girl expects to get a beautiful one for a long time. But first you need to decide on the type of procedure. We will tell you about what types of nail extension exist and how to care for them later.
Features of extended nails
It is advisable to trust the extension of nails to a professional who will do everything neatly. A specialist can do everything quickly and, at first glance, even beautifully, but there is no need to rush here. Correctly prepared handles are already half of a successful extension. If the cuticle is not removed, the gel or acrylic will fall off unevenly, and it will not look very attractive.
If the extended nails visually resemble natural ones, then the manicure will be more durable. Girls usually decide to build up when their own nails are constantly breaking or exfoliating. In addition, they are attracted by the opportunity to wear a beautiful pattern for a longer time. Also, with extended nails, the fact that if one of the nails breaks, it is enough to re-do it, pleases. In the case of natural nails, it becomes necessary to trim the rest.
Such nails also have negative qualities. Usually, the extension and correction itself is not cheap, and non-observance of the basic rules can lead to flaking of the substance and even to allergies. But beauty requires sacrifice, and therefore girls boldly go to a beauty salon or a familiar manicure master.
To prevent the coating from peeling off, you need to follow these rules:
- The previous coating must be removed completely.
- Nails should be well sanded and treated with antiseptics.
- Before building up, it is advisable not to wet your hands once again, and especially not to smear them with creams. The vapors of the latter can be released, thereby contributing to rejection.
- Before applying the gel or acrylic, the nails must be degreased.
- Correction must be done in a timely manner.
What types of nail extension exist
We figured out the pros and cons, but what types of nail extension are there? They are distinguished by the basis on which the material will be laid out.
Extension to tips
Tips are a kind of template made of plastic. This type of nail extension is used when the length of the natural nail is too short. Also, the reason for using them may be a lack of skills in nail formation. Types of tips differ depending on the purpose, as well as color, shape and contact area. The tip consists of two parts - the free edge, which is narrower, and the zone in contact with the natural nail. The last part looks like a notch that is separated from the narrow part. It is the border between them that is the contact zone, without which the width of the tips does not change. 
The shape of the tips can be any - from straight to pointed, and the color is transparent or white. There are also special tips on which the jacket is already drawn. If a girl wants to get a manicure that is resistant to impacts, she will choose extensions on tips made of ABS plastic. In addition, this material is not prone to deformation after exposure to high temperatures or chemicals.
This type of nail extension requires one more tool - a tip cutter. It allows you to remove excess length, after which the nail is already shaped with a file. Although many masters get by with simple nail scissors... When reducing the length, it is worth remembering that cutting will additionally remove it, therefore the tips are cut off with a margin.
Modeling with artificial materials
If the length of the natural nail allows not to use tips, the girl can get a beautiful manicure based on acrylic or gel. This type of nail extension provides for the skill of the master to create new nails, gradually laying out the material on a special form. The sizes of future nails are indicated on it, it remains only to choose the one you need and reach its border.
The difference between acrylic and lies in the fact that in the first case, an ultraviolet lamp is not needed. Acrylic will dry itself within a couple of seconds, but to dry the gel, you need to stick your fingers into a UV lamp. That is why it is easier to do self-extension with a gel, although additional equipment is needed for it.
Nail extension technologies
Regardless of which type of nail extension was chosen, the next step is to determine the technology. Simulate a full-fledged artificial nail can be done in several ways.
Gel
Today, this material is very popular among visitors to salons, which was facilitated by the following advantages of the gel:
There are also disadvantages - they take off for a long time and become less resistant if there is a sharp change in temperature.
The gel building technology itself consists of the following actions:
- handles must be treated with a disinfectant;
- with the first type of nail extension, first a separate tip is selected for each nail;
- then we get rid of the cuticle, which can simply be lifted with an orange stick;
- the free edge of the nails is processed with a file to give the desired shape;
- the top layer of the nail surface is removed;
- dust is removed and a base coat is applied, after which the nails are soaked with napkins;
- now either the tips are glued or the shape with the dimensions is fixed;
- gel is laid out to form the nail;
- pens are sent for half a minute under the light of a UV lamp;
- the main layer of gel is laid out, which dries for 3 minutes;
- after drying, the nails are again peeled off to get rid of excess material;
- when the nail is completely ready, you can design.
Table "Types of gels"
The existing types of gels for nail extension are presented in the table.
Acrylic
Like any procedure, this extension has a number of positive qualities:
Acrylic extensions also have negative sides:
- nails peel off faster than after applying the gel;
- there is a risk of an allergic reaction;
- after removing the coating, the nails have an unaesthetic appearance.
Step by step acrylic extensions are performed as follows:
- the hands of the client and the master are thoroughly disinfected;
- then the top layer of the nail plate is completely cut off until the surface is perfectly flat;
- the dust resulting from sawing is removed;
- a base agent is applied to the nail to degrease its surface (primer);
- a form is fixed on a natural nail or glued tips;
- the primer is reapplied;
- then acrylic is gradually laid out with a brush, and a little further than the desired length;
- when the acrylic dries, the form is removed;
- the final creation of the shape of the nails and the leveling of their surface occurs;
- a clear coat is applied to the nails, after which a pattern can be created.
Combined
This type of nail extension is designed to combine all the best qualities of the gel and acrylic types. It will make it possible to make nails more durable, like with acrylic extensions, but at the same time shiny, like with gel. Also, one cannot fail to mention the greater number of options for creating a design. 
In turn, the combined build-up is of the following types:
- Acrylic base. The gel is applied over the base material and makes the nails shine.
- Gel base. Usually this subtype of building implies decoration gel nails acrylic elements, for example, molding.
- Alternation of materials.
- Correction acrylic nails gel.
Whichever of the extension subtypes is chosen, you should remember about the careful attitude to the nails. A small disadvantage of the procedure can be called its duration. Also, the type of combination, in which the design on the gel is done with acrylic, is usually used before some kind of event. It is difficult to call it everyday because of the inconvenience that modeling can bring.
Silk
With this nail extension, fabric is used - linen, silk, fiberglass. Due to their softness, they are pre-soaked in a special substance that has the ability to polymerize. Additionally, basic materials can be used, i.e. gel and acrylic.
Silk extension technology:
The use of silk extensions allows you to preserve natural nails, as well as help them to become stronger. As a result, the manicure is very neat and natural.
Video "Tissue technology"
The video shows silk technology, the type of nail extension - on tips.
Nail care after extension
Any type of nail extension allows the owner to get a neat manicure. But in order not to waste money on early correction, you need to watch your hands and, if possible, take care of them. 
The service life of artificial marigolds will increase if:
- wear rubber gloves when washing dishes or floors;
- do not try to pry or open something with your nails;
- keep your nails and hands clean, not forgetting to moisturize the cuticles;
- have with you a special glue that allows you to get rid of small cracks before going to the master;
- for more serious damage, consult a specialist.
Quick navigation
Women are very fond of changes, but what to experiment with if not with hair? Curl, straighten, color, cut - all this is easy and simple to do. But it was not possible to grow hair quickly, literally in a few hours.
But, fortunately, hair extensions have recently become available, which allows you to change your look quickly and painlessly. Any woman can choose the appropriate method, depending on the characteristics of her hair.
Fake curls can help increase the length and thickness of your hair.
- from nature. The procedure will add the missing volume;
- Change of image. If you have always dreamed about, but could not grow them in any way, then the extension will help to add the length to the desired level;
- The extended strands can be dyed so as not to harm your hair;
- You can extend your hair to create an unusual hairstyle for any special occasion.
Contraindications
Of course, not everything is so rosy, and hair extensions have their drawbacks. The procedure has a number of restrictions under which its conduct is undesirable or prohibited:
- , psoriasis or seborrhea.
- An allergic reaction to any materials used during the build-up.
- It is not recommended to extend hair after hormonal disruption, pregnant and lactating women. In this case, the load on the weakened brittle hair can lead to their increased loss.
- Too much . If the length of your own strands is less than 5 cm, then the build-up may turn out to be of poor quality and short-lived.
- Very damaged or brittle hair.
- Baldness, or alopecia.
- Infectious, fungal diseases.
- If the scalp is damaged, then you need to wait for it to heal and only then start building.
Types of hair used in extensions
One of the most important points In the procedure, the question is - what material does the extension come from, where does the hair come from for all the manipulations?
The answer is simple: hair is purchased from girls who have decided to get rid of their hair. Most often, they donate their hair to residents of Eastern Europe, Asia and India, who live in poor families. They have to carefully look after their hair in order to then hand it over at a higher cost.
It is difficult to say unequivocally which hair type is the best. Each type of strand has its own thickness, color and structure, so you need to select them individually, depending on the characteristics of your own hair.
In our country, the Slavic hair type is most often chosen. To make sure of the quality of the material used, you need to wash your hair - high-quality raw materials will retain their original neat appearance.
Slavic hair. The most popular and expensive ones, they have an even, smooth cuticle, so the strands look gorgeous even without any treatment. Can be straight, curly or curly, blow dry well or.
Slavic hair is obedient, you can make any original hairstyles with it. Best suited for women with a Slavic appearance.
European hair. In fact, they are brought not only from European countries, but also from India and Latin America. Their quality and price are not as high as those of the Slavic ones.
Strands undergo a mandatory acid treatment, then dyed and filled with silicone. In this case, the hair scales are removed in whole or in part. The European type is suitable for girls with thick, porous, coarse and voluminous hair.
South Russian strands... They have an optimal price / quality ratio. As the name implies, hair is collected in the south of Russia and Siberia. Such strands are unpretentious and obedient, with proper care serve for a long time. Soft and elastic, but not very thick strands will not work for girls with thick, thick hair.
Asian. They are delivered from Korea and China. Hair may look luxurious, but in reality, the quality is usually poor. These are the most inexpensive strands.
The curls are treated with a special compound that helps to get rid of hair scales, then they are polished, dyed and covered with silicone. To maintain the beauty of such hair longer, you have to take care of them more carefully.
Hair Extension Preparation
To choose the type of hair, their color and length, the extension technology, you need to consult a professional.
Note! Before carrying out the procedure, it is advisable to wet the strands in order to check their quality.
To prepare your hair for extensions, you must thoroughly wash and dry them. It is forbidden to use masks, conditioners and balms.
The procedure itself takes 2 - 4 hours, so be prepared for the fact that you will have to spend half a day in the hairdressing chair.
Types of hair extensions
Hair extension is extremely important, because in just a few hours a woman can completely change her appearance and enjoy long hair... You can do a variety of hairstyles, curl curls, braid pigtails.
Correction is usually required 2-6 months after the procedure, to replace some strands. Hair extensions are suitable for all women with their own length from 5-10 cm, depending on the type of procedure chosen.
Capsule hair extension
The second name for such a build-up is italian... V recent times it is becoming more and more popular due to its aesthetic characteristics - the capsules are barely visible on the hair.
The extended strands are attached to natural hair using a melted keratin capsule. This substance is part of the structure of the hair, so its use does not cause any harm. The build-up occurs in thin strands that are hardly noticeable, even if you look closely. A total of 100 - 125 strands are required.
Benefits of Capsule Hair Extensions:
- The capsules are almost invisible, have a natural look, so you can do any hairstyle with them: straighten, curl, color and tint strands, twist on curlers and do.
- It is possible to add strands to the bangs, parting and whiskey, they look natural and do not comb out.
- The capsules do not change depending on the temperature effect, there are no restrictions on visiting the sauna and solarium.
- Ease of hair care - this kind of hair can often be washed, dried with a hairdryer.
- Capsule build-up gives not only the length, but also the missing density. The capsules are attached all over the head, making them look like their own.
Capsule extensions are not suitable for owners of thin, weakened hair prone to hair loss. The build-up procedure can exacerbate the problem.
Disadvantages of capsule build-up:
- Keratin capsules can slide out of their original place.
- Special hair care, getting on the capsules, can destroy them.
- In women with oily scalp, under the influence of sebum, keratin plates are destroyed, shortening the wearing period of donor curls.
- Immediately after the extension, it may be uncomfortable to lie down, the capsules will be felt on the hair and bring unpleasant sensations.
English extension technique
This also applies to hot extension techniques, but here a special gun is used to heat the keratin to the optimum temperature. In this case, the procedure is considered gentle and harmless.
The minimum length required for English hair extensions must be over 6cm, otherwise the donor strands will be visible. After the procedure, you will have to say goodbye to thermal procedures for hair and body, irons, hot curlers and curling irons can melt the capsules, as well as saunas and baths.
Keratin capsules lose their strength under the influence of masks and balms. English build-up lasts no more than 3 months.
German extension technology (Bellargo)
Bellargo Is a type of hot hair extension. The strands are attached using a special apparatus with two thermal clamps on small sleeves. In this case, the hair is not damaged, because it does not heat up. In total, 25-100 strands are needed for building.
The disadvantages of this extension method is the need for special care: some types cosmetics provoke the loss of donor strands. Not all styles are suitable because sleeves can be seen on tall hairstyles.
You cannot remove extended curls on your own - there is a possibility of damaging your own hair.
Hair Extension Tape
Refers to cold methods of building, where it is excluded thermal effect... For the procedure, a special adhesive is used, which is suitable even for thin, weakened hair.
This method is one of the fastest - in just 1-2 hours a professional will be able to perform high-quality hair extensions. The effect of the procedure can last up to one year if you take proper care of your hair.
At the same time, there are no restrictions in the actions performed with the hair: you can go to the solarium, swimming pool, saunas. Cold extensions have less negative effects on hair than hot ones.
Disadvantages of tape build-up:
- When creating tall and complex hairstyles, hair bands may be visible.
- If the master does not have enough experience, then incorrectly glued donor strands can fall out, sometimes provoking the loss of their own curls.
- A poorly performed procedure can cause tangles to form.
- The adhesive can negatively affect the hair and scalp.
All the disadvantages of tape hair extensions refer to a violation of the procedure technology, if it is performed correctly, there should not be such problems. In total, about 80 donor hair bands are used.
There are only two types of tape hair extensions: Spanish and Japanese. They both refer to cold build-up.
Spanish technique involves the use of an adhesive composition, which contains a white or black dye, chosen to match the hair color. Such extensions are often used by girls with blond hair, because the place of extension will be unobtrusive, while you can keep the usual hair care, go to baths and saunas without fear of being left without hair, and of course, you can dye and lighten hair with this type of extension.
The Spanish extension technique allows strands to be worn for up to 4 months, after which a correction or removal of false curls may be required.
In Japanese hair extensions special metal beads, clips and clips are used. It is thanks to them that donor curls are attached at the hair roots. Small strands are threaded with a special hook through the clamps, which are clamped with pliers. No glue is used; fixatives are chosen depending on the shade of the hair.
Correction is carried out in 2-3 months, as the hair grows back. This type of extension is suitable for women with dark, coarse hair. The hairdresser should be sure of the quality of the procedure two weeks after the procedure.
Extension with braids
This extension technique is perfect for girls who are worried about not ruining their hair. Unlike previous technologies, it does not use any chemicals and temperatures that can harm the hair.
Pigtail extensions are almost invisible, but donor hair is held firmly. The technology involves braiding a very thin braid across the back of the head, after which tresses are attached to it. Tress is a thin, processed strand that resembles a narrow strip. One strand clings to one pigtail.
The correction is carried out as the hair grows back: the pigtail is intertwined to be as close to the scalp as possible, and the tresses are sewn back on, they can be used many times.
Extension with braids can be carried out even on fine hair. The procedure is harmless, the pigtail does not bring any inconvenience, moreover, it does not require a long time. You may need up to 200 tresses in total.
The main disadvantages are:
- Because of tresses, you have to limit high styling, hairstyles with parting so that the braid and strand of hair are not noticeable.
- Frequent correction. It has to be done every 2-3 months as the hair grows.
Brazilian build-up
It involves weaving braids from donor and own hair. This is the most modern and gentle way of building. During the procedure, keratin and hair glue are not used, no thermal effect is produced on their structure, and no chemical preparations are used.
For the procedure, all hair is divided into 4 approximately equal squares. Curls begin to build up from the lower occipital part. In this case, the width of the strand should not exceed 5 millimeters; it is better to use a thin comb to separate the partings.
Donor strands can be artificial or natural, their width must match their own. A thin ordinary pigtail is braided, which is fixed with a loop of synthetic thread. The procedure is carried out over the entire head, while weaving occurs from the bottom up.
The correction is done every 3 months. The disadvantage of this method of building is only the duration of the procedure.
Ultrasonic extension
This technology was invented in Hollywood. It is recommended for those whose hair has been damaged by multiple styling, dyes, and has dry and split ends. The keratin capsule is ultrasonically sealed, adding volume and giving the hair a well-groomed and attractive look.
In total, about 120 strands are applied, which, with proper care, can be worn for about six months.
Hair pins
If you do not have the opportunity to extend hair or are intimidated by complex care, then hair with hairpins is an excellent alternative. With their help, you can change your image beyond recognition.
Hair on hairpins is not afraid of cosmetics; it can be dyed, curled, dried with a hairdryer. Compared to hair extensions, this method is more affordable.
Hairpins and clips are used to secure the overhead strands, so you can do any hairstyle at home on your own. And of course, the main advantage is absolute harmlessness. So you don't have to wonder if extensions will harm your hair.
Disadvantages of hair pins:
- Not suitable for .
- The abundance of hairpins brings a feeling of heaviness and causes a headache, so it is best not to wear them daily, but to use them exclusively for important events.
- Fragility, they can unfasten at the most inopportune moment, it is most correct to refuse them when going to the gym, pool or beach.
Hair extension- a procedure that allows you to change your image beyond recognition in just a few hours. A qualified master will not only be able to properly extend hair, but also give recommendations for their care, which must be observed in order to prolong the effect of the procedure and not harm their own curls.
Hair extensions: indications for use, contraindications, types and technologies for extending strands, rules for caring for curls.
Indications and contraindications for hair extensions
Hair extension is a universal procedure that allows you not only to change the length of your curls, but also their volume, density, color and structure.
There are a number of problems that a hair extension procedure can deal with:
- In the presence of thin and sparse hair, by extending strands, you can increase the volume several times.
- Change your image if you wish.
- Failure to grow long hair.
- For a color change without harm to natural hair (highlighting, coloring).
- To create an original hairstyle for any occasion - build-up of rhinestones, braids or dreadlocks.
- Extension is not recommended for seborrhea, psoriasis and fungal diseases.
- In case of allergy to the materials used during the procedure. Before you start building, it is recommended to test all products for an allergic reaction.
- It is worth postponing hair extensions for pregnant women and girls under 16 years of age who have had a hormonal failure. In this case, the hair is already fragile and weakened due to restructuring in the body, and the attachment of donor hair is a very serious burden for them.
- If your hair is less than 5 cm long, you may get poor-quality curls, and the adhesion may not last long.
- Hair extensions are not recommended for brittle and damaged hair.
- This procedure is not suitable for people prone to baldness.
- In case of scalp injuries, it is recommended to wait until they are completely healed and only then do hair extensions.
Varieties of hair for extensions
There are several types of hair used for extending strands:
- Slavic hair... These are the highest quality curls, which is why they are the most demanded and expensive. They have a smooth cuticle and look amazing without any treatments. In the production of such curls, the scaly layer is completely preserved. Slavic hair is straight, curly and curly. This type of strand is perfect for beauties of Slavic appearance. They are easy to dry, style and create original hairstyles.
- European hair... Curls of this type can be imported not only from Europe, but also from India or Latin America. Their pricing policy is much higher than the Asian ones, which cannot be said about the quality. The process of creating strands for extension consists in pre-acidifying the hair, dyeing and processing with silicone. In this case, the top flaky layer can be completely or partially removed. This hair is suitable for women with their coarse, thick and voluminous hair.
- Asian hair... Curls from China and Korea. This type of hair can be described as the cheapest and of the lowest quality. The technology for the production of such curls consists in cleaning the upper scaly layer, grinding, painting and coating with silicone. At first glance, such hair looks very attractive, but only before the first wash. Then they lose their shine, tangle and electrify.
Do right choice regarding the type of hair, their length and color will help the master you turned to.
Features of hot hair extension
The essence of the process is to use a pre-heated adhesive (keratin or resin), which is applied to the hair strands and fixed at the roots using a special gun or thermal tongs. A special capsule acts as a retainer. It is completely invisible, but it is able to securely hold a strand of hair. The hot hair extension method has many benefits. The main ones are the rapid increase in length and the creation of volume and density.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Capsule Hair Extensions
Recently, among professional stylists particular popularity gains a capsule extension, which several times improves the aesthetic characteristics of the hair. The technology of this process consists in attaching donor strands to natural hair using a melted keratin capsule. The number of capsules depends on the desired effect and the number of curls attached.
The main advantage capsule extension- the ability to create original and complex hairstyles. This is because thin strands are used in the process, and the fixing capsules are almost invisible. Curls can be straightened with an iron, permed, done hairstyles, twisted on curlers and papillotes, dyed and toned.
You can extend hair using the capsule hot method on bangs, parting, and temples. At the same time, the extended strands are not combed out and are worn for a long period. With such hair, you can visit the sauna, solarium without restrictions. The capsules will not deteriorate when exposed to high temperatures.
Also, hair extended on capsules is quite unpretentious in care. For supporting natural beauty their curls can often be washed, combed and even dried with a hairdryer. In addition, the capsule extension allows not only to increase the length of the hair, but also to significantly add volume. After all, with capsules, strands can be attached all over the head in the necessary places, and not in one line.
Despite a number of advantages, hot hair extension has its disadvantages:
- The capsules can sometimes slide off.
- If the capsules are large, they will cause inconvenience when lying down for several days after building up.
- Girls have too oily skin scalp under the influence of fat capsules will gradually collapse.
- Do not apply balms and masks directly to the capsules themselves, this can damage them.
Hot hair extension techniques for capsules
Hair extensions, however, like any other cosmetic procedure, requires preparation. Therefore, before proceeding with the lengthening of the strands, you must thoroughly wash and dry your hair. When shampooing, do not use additional hair care products such as conditioners, rinses or masks. It is recommended to be patient, because the procedure takes about 3 hours.
Hot build-up is performed using two main technologies:
- Italian hair extension technology... The safest and most reliable hot method. For extension, strands with already applied keratin resin are used. They are consistently attached to natural hair using thermal double-sided tongs, which are adjusted to a certain temperature. An inconspicuous transparent capsule is formed at the junction, which immediately takes on the shade of the hair. Capsules of Italian technology are so durable that they can withstand perm, hair coloring, bath and water procedures. Also, donor hair on capsules is not combed out during wearing and does not have a negative effect on natural hair. If it is necessary to remove hair extensions, a gel-like agent is used that instantly soaks the capsules. Duration of wearing hair extensions with Italian technology is from 4 to 6 months.
- English hair extension technology... Just like the previous technique, it refers to a number of hot procedures. Its essence lies in building curls using a refractory resin based on organic substances. Capsules for this process are formed under a certain temperature and squeezed out with a special gun. English technology, unlike Italian technology, is less practical. It's all about the capsules for the strands, which are several times larger and more noticeable. The duration of the effect of hair extensions is no more than 3 months.
Features of cold hair extension
The technology of this method excludes the use of thermal heating of a special adhesive. Strands are securely attached to natural hair and do not fall out when combing. Cold-extended curls can be washed using conditioners, balms and masks. They are absolutely harmless to such compounds. As a rule, cold extensions involve a tape method of attaching the hair.
Pros and cons of tape hair extension
The tape type of fastening curls refers to the cold method of hair extension. For its implementation, a special adhesive tape and strands of donor hair are used. Tape extension is the fastest way, because it does not require the use of special thermal equipment. The adhesive composition is absolutely safe for hair and scalp and, if necessary, can be easily and completely removed using a special solution.
The main advantage of tape build-up is the use of non-toxic substances and the absence of high temperatures. The duration of the effect of this method depends on the correct hair care. On average, it is about one year.
With hair extended with a tape method, there are no restrictions on actions. With curls, you can visit the solarium, swimming pool, sauna, without fear that the strands will fall off.
Also, cold build-up is more gentle than hot. Hair lends itself to minimal negative impact during the extension procedure. The capsule, which is made up of surgical glue, is as strong as the keratin one used for hot build-up.
A significant drawback of this method is the visibility of the lines when creating hairstyles. There may also be such disadvantages:
- In case of improper cold extension, donor hair may begin to fall out. The same can happen with your own curls.
- If the capsules are not positioned correctly, mats can constantly form.
- Your own hair can react negatively to the chemical attack of the adhesive.
Hair extension technologies using bands
Cold hair extension can also be carried out using various technologies:
- Spanish hair extension technology... It is a cold process. An adhesive is used for it, which includes glue, an activator and a dye: for blond hair- white, and for dark - black. A small capsule is applied to the connection of the donor strand, which provides a strong hold with natural hair. The term for wearing hair extensions using the Spanish technique is about 4 months. After the expiration of the term, the curls require correction or removal, which is carried out using a special solvent.
- Japanese hair extension technology... Refers to the cold method. This technique uses special metal beads, clips or clips. Donor strands are fixed with accessories at the hair roots. Through small hook the curls are threaded into clips or a clip and fastened with special pliers. No glue is used in this technique, and the fixators are selected in accordance with the hair color. Correction is recommended 2 months after building.
Types of hair extensions using braids
In addition to the widespread cold and hot types of hair extensions, braided hair extensions have recently gained popularity. This method was specially developed to protect natural hair as much as possible from the negative effects of chemicals and hot temperatures.
Advantages and disadvantages of pigtail hair extensions
Hair, extended in this way, is held quite tightly, and the places where the curls are attached are practically invisible. With this method, a very thin pigtail is woven across the back of the head. After it is ready, strands are attached to it in the form of a weft. The latter is hair, processed and connected at the base in such a way that it looks like a narrow strip. One tress is sewn to each braid.
Usually, the correction should be done once every couple of months. In this case, the tress is removed, and the pigtail needs to be woven closer to the scalp. After that, the weft is sewn back on. You can use them multiple times.
It is possible to extend hair in this way regardless of its structure, color, volume, thickness. Pigtails braided at the base of the hair are not at all uncomfortable. This extension method is completely harmless. There is no thermal or chemical effect on the hair. And the procedure is carried out much faster than all other types of extension.
As for the disadvantages of this hair extension method, it can only be noted that the use of braids limits the use of certain types of hairstyles. So, you have to give up high hairstyles, even parting.
Also, building on tresses is referred to as short-lived methods. Depending on the intensity of hair growth, re-extension will have to be done in 2-3 months.
Hair Extension Methods Using Braids
Basically, the method of hair extension on pigtails is made using two technologies:
- Brazilian build-up... This is the newest and most gentle way. The procedure involves braiding false strands along with your own hair. In this case, one of the three strands is your own hair, two are artificial. The braid is braided up to 1/8 of the total length of the hair.
- African build-up... This technology uses sewn hair wefts. In the process, the master weaves an African braid at the back of the head and sews wefts to it.
Today, hair extension is a fairly popular procedure. With a high-quality extension and compliance with all the rules for hair care, you can get a stylish and chic hairstyle for several months, at least.
