The arrow (c) indicates the way for the pantyhose
Familiar situation, huh girls? Torn tights are a pity, these are unnecessary waste, but still it doesn’t matter. New tights are easy to buy. Our grandmothers and mothers felt worse ... What are ordinary women there! Even the future British Queen Elizabeth was given stockings as a gift for her wedding in 1947 after the war, as the most precious thing that could be given. In the USSR, in the post-war period, stockings were also a luxury, they were almost never produced. I remember the story described by Lyudmila Gurchenko in her book. After the release of "Carnival Night" in 1956, she instantly became insanely popular, she began to be invited to perform at concerts. And she didn't have stockings! And there was nowhere to buy! They had to be borrowed from an assistant and returned back behind the scenes after the performance.
The same stockings that we began to do later were scary and not practical. Your mothers will surely remember the nasty brown and beige tights with pleats on the leg. "Snatching" Baltic or GDR tights was a great success! Whether it is now - you want a mesh, you want a flower, you want matte, you want with a tightening ... Everything is there! One trouble - they have not yet come up with non-torn ...
Do you want to tell you how tights are made? Would you like to tell you how to choose so that you wear longer? Then under the cut!
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The other day I was lucky enough to visit a factory near Moscow that produces nylon tights... I saw with my own eyes the whole stage of turning the thread into a finished product. I'm telling you!
Tights are knitted from 2 types of threads: elastane and polyamide. Polyamide is the basis of tights, this is their strength, and elastane is flexibility and elasticity.
This is what the bobbins with threads look like. By the way, they are always white, because nylon thread, roughly speaking, is a derivative of plastic.
And this is how the nylon thread looks up close. Although, this picture is probably familiar to you from the holds on the pantyhose :)
There are also dyed threads. They are fed into the knitting machine to mark the size of the tights. In the finished product, we most likely will not even notice them.
There are knitting machines in a neat row at the factory, only 250 pieces
All parts of the machine are taken out, and inside there is a frame on which the stocking is knitted. With the help of four hundred needles, one pipe is knitted within 3 minutes, i.e. one leg of future tights.
All machines in the factory are high-tech, which allows you to minimize manual labor. Manual intervention neededonly when changing bobbins with threads and knitting program.
This is how the semi-finished product just knitted looks like. This is a sample of future "fantasy" tights, with a pattern.
Samples are taken from each batch, which are immediately tested for strength, elasticity, and size compliance. To do this, they are stretched on such a device.
Batch of ready-made semi-finished products
Then the halves are sewn together and the product takes on a familiar shape. To do this, the operator pulls the workpieces onto a special frame, and then the machine does its job by itself: it sews the halves together, cuts the crotch and sews in the gusset.
Each finished product is again assessed for quality. To do this, the master puts on tights on the uniform and carefully examines it for flaws: uneven seams, clues, unstitched sections.
Products that have passed the selection stage are prepared for painting. The factory does not have its own dyeing shop, so they resort to the help of a dyeing plant, where there is a special. equipment and treatment facilities. A day later, a batch of dyed tights is returned to the factory.
For comparison - tights BEFORE and AFTER painting
Please note that the tights in their original form seem to be shaken, wrinkled. In order to smooth them out and shape the legs, they are put on forms and treated with steam.
Again for comparison, photos BEFORE and AFTER steam treatment
And finally, the last stage is packaging.
At the last stage, quality control is again - inspection for lumen for puffs.
Marking
And so beautiful and bright we see tights on the counters
By the way, certain effects (the effect of tightening, bare legs, pressure distribution) are obtained by combining different threads - elastane and polyamide. It also matters knitting mode. This is a complex "chemistry", so there is constant control in production.
The factory experts also told a little secret - how to choose tights so as not to throw them away after the very first socks.
Of course, it's cool if there is an opportunity to see the tights in the light before buying. For example, if you buy pantyhose from the market.Are there any puffs, do you like thread weaving. The clearer the tree-like pattern of the canvas is, the better. But, as a rule, there is no way to unpack it before buying. Therefore, look at the composition.
In tights up to 70 den, elastane should be NOT less than 10%... 10, 12, 20% is the normal value. This means that the tights will fit the leg well and are resistant to deformation. If there is less than 10% elastane in tights, this means that it is present only in an elastic band. Those. pantyhose will be gathered in an accordion on the hotel areas, constantly slipping.
In tights over 70 den, there must be at least 7% elastane... Because they are denser, and, as you remember, polyamide is responsible for the density and strength, there will be less elastane than in tights up to 70 den.
The quality of the tights is also influenced by the quality of the raw materials. And they don't write about him on the packaging. SoOften, tights can be checked, alas, only when worn. The composition is not always a guideline.Determine for yourself 1-2 brands that you trust. For example, it happens that from certain tights, legs itch. Or a certain color does not suit you ("caramello" does not suit me. After 2-3 washes, the initial color fades a little and the legs look cyanotic)
The tights production process is illustrated by the example of the Orodoro brand. It is quite possible that equipment and technologies are not the same in other industries. But do you know what I marked?
First. The latest equipment was brought from Italy together with Italian engineers. The production hall is perfectly clean and tidy. The machines stand in even rows, bags with semi-finished products lie in such even rows, non-production premises are also very neat.
Second. Highly professional management. I'm talking about those who are responsible for promoting the brand and those who are in charge of production. People are sick with their work, they are happy to share secrets. This is always very captivating. Only one secret has not been revealed - the cost of a unit of production :)
Third. I would hardly have learned about this brand and, moreover, I would not have bought unfamiliar tights if I had not seen with my own eyes how they are made. We were shown the production process, the subtleties of choice, and the subtleties of promotion. Moreover, they showed several samples of tights. For example, tulle tights. I have never seen such people! Microscopic mesh tights. Thanks to this weaving, the risk of snagging is significantly reduced. By the way, they look awesome on the legs - they are practically invisible. As if you were without tights at all, just such an even tone of the legs :) Another cool tights "powder". They are matte, without disgusting glossy shine. They also give the effect of bare legs.
So Orodoro was a great find for me. I will definitely buy myself 2-3 more pairs with different effects to try.
What are women's tights made of? The question is not idle: the quality of the thing largely depends on their composition, and the period of time during which the tights will delight you with their impeccable appearance. Let's try to figure it out, so ...
Main components
As part of any tights, you will find polyamide, better known as nylon. Thin nylon thread is incredibly strong, it is the strength, combined with the fineness of the cobweb, that made this material ideal for this type of product.
But if the label "polyamide - 100%" flaunts on the packaging of your chosen pair, we do not recommend that you buy it, although such models are cheap. The fact is that, with all its advantages, nylon has one very important drawback: it does not have elasticity. This means that the pantyhose will instantly swell up with bubbles on the knees or gather in folds in the ankle area, and indeed, they will not fit well to the legs.
To give elasticity to nylon in more expensive models, elastane is added - artificial polyurethane fibers, in structure resembling tiny springs, each of which can increase its length several times, and then take its original shape.
Elastane fibers lack strength, they tear easily, so they are never used in their pure form. But in combination with nylon, they give a thin, durable and elastic fabric - that is, just what you need for tights. But keep in mind that elastane in tights should be at least 12%. Too high content of elastane - over 30%, is found only in medical samples, which are used as a means of combating varicose veins.
Even more expensive models are replete with terms such as microfiber, lycra, 3D lycra, double twist lycra, Nylon 66, ... What is it? Let's figure it out.
Tights: glossary of terms
Everything is not so difficult - these frightening words have one thing in common: these are special ways of weaving threads, which give the canvas certain qualities. Now, in more detail:
Microfiber. This is the same polyamide thread, but woven in a special way, due to which the surface of the product acquires exceptional strength and velvety pleasant to the touch. Such tights are good because they are able to create an ideal microclimate for the legs, allowing the skin to breathe freely and keeping warm. Usually on products with microfiber there is an image of a red flower and the inscription "microfibra".
Lycra- the same elastane, but of the highest quality. The presence of a red triangle and the inscription "Lyctra" on the packaging means that elastane was used for the manufacture of this pair, which is produced at the enterprises of the famous concern "DuPont". Such tights are distinguished by exceptional elasticity, perfectly fit the legs, and are highly resistant to puffs.
Lycra 3D... This is a type of lycra weaving: three threads are taken, braided into a pigtail, and then wrapped with a polyamide thread. The result is a product that is even more durable, even more elastic. And the most important thing: elastane does not come into contact with the skin of the legs, so such tights are an excellent option for those who are prone to allergies.
Double twist lycra- the same as the previous version, but for wrapping two polyamide threads are used, which are superimposed on one another. The result is an incredibly durable and comfortable product. The only drawback is the high price.
Nylon 66. Nylon is a type of high quality polyamide yarn and the number "66" indicates that it is composed of huge amount superfine threads that make the product soft and silky. Usually, the packaging also contains the words: "multisoft" and "micro", which just indicate this fact.
A little about warm tights
Polyamide and elastane are the main components of tights. They are quite enough for models designed for the warm season, but other components are present in products intended for late autumn and winter. About them - below.
Materials such as cotton, wool, acrylic are used as insulating additives. Recently, tights with bamboo fibers have also appeared. Let's dwell in a little more detail on each of the options:
Cotton. Good for warm winters. Tights with the addition of cotton do not form pills, they are pleasant to the touch and are able to create a beautiful smooth surface. But, unfortunately, in cold weather, such tights are unlikely to be able to warm. When choosing cotton tights, pay attention to its quantity. If there is only 3% cotton, then all of it is contained exclusively in the gusset. At the same time, too high cotton content (over 70%) is undesirable, since such tights will be less durable and elastic.
Wool. Will warm you in the most very coldy... Alas, it is not always pleasant to the touch, it can cause irritation, and most importantly, pellets are easily formed on the surface of woolen tights. The best option tights with the addition of angora, cashmere, mohair are considered. Sometimes cotton is added to woolen tights. At the same time, wool should be at least 40%, and elastane - about 12-15% - only in this case the product will fit well and retain its shape for a long time.
Acrylic. Acrylic tights have one definite advantage - cheapness. They are capable of warming in the coldest weather, but they also do not differ in resistance to the formation of pellets. Their surface does not look as attractive as in woolen or cotton tights, so they are mainly worn under trousers or jeans.
Bamboo. Pilling will never form on the durable and beautiful surface of bamboo tights. They are pleasant to the touch and do not cause allergies, they are able to perfectly retain heat without interfering with free air exchange, so the legs are always comfortable in them. Another plus is the antibacterial properties of bamboo fiber. The only drawback is the high price.
Two-layer tights are now very popular among women, in which the inner layer is made of cotton, and the outer one is made of microfiber. The layer of air remaining between them helps to keep warm. In addition, such tights are more durable due to the fact that the microfiber protects the cotton layer from abrasion, and ideally fits the legs without creating unnecessary volumes.
That's all about the composition of the tights. Choose the right model and feel like a flawless lady to your fingertips!
Do-it-yourself pantyhose or leggings top is another "fashionable" invention of fashionable Youtube bloggers. Just a few minutes - and an unsuccessful pair of tights turns into a "fashionable" spectacular top.
How to make a top out of tights
It's that simple! All you need is tights and scissors, as well as a flat surface (table) on which you can perform all actions.
First, you need to cut off the "feet" of the tights:
Step 1: cut off the "feet" of the pantyhose
Then you will need to cut off the gusset. Please note: for the future top, only tights with a regular gusset are suitable, and not with a wide back insert. Tights without a gusset don't work either.
First, lay out the tights gently on the surface. This is important, otherwise you can cut off something extra.
Step 2. Gently lay out the tights so that you can access the gusset.
Cut off the gusset along with the seam with which it was sewn.
The resulting "hole" will be the neckline of the future top.
The pantyhose top is almost ready!
That, perhaps, is all. You can make sure that nothing superfluous is sticking out anywhere, and that the "legs" of the pantyhose, which have now become the sleeves of the top, are of the same length. the top is ready, you can try it on!
If you take tight tights that are the same along the entire length, you get a monophonic, tight-fitting top. But if you use black tights with shorts, you will get an "elegant" evening top with transparent sleeves:
Tricky, isn't it? But only at first glance. After all, you and I know perfectly well that tights shoot arrows, and they will not spare your newfangled top, made on the advice of popular video bloggers:
Tights top: arrows will creep quickly.
Similarly, you can make a top out of leggings. Leggings are usually denser than tights, and you can also choose options with an interesting print.
If you have unnecessary leggings suitable for execution, then you can proceed, nothing complicated will be.
First, carefully fold the leggings in half lengthwise. If you are not sure of your cutter's abilities, then it is better not to risk it, but lay out the leggings in exactly one layer: this way there will be less chance of crooked cut.
Step 1. Gently fold the leggings in half lengthwise.
If you decided to take a chance and did fold the leggings in half, now carefully cut out the gusset, if there is one, and if it is not there, then a hole similar in shape to the one you see in the photo:
Step 2. Cut out a hole for the future neckline of the top.
That is, in fact, all: the top of the leggings is ready! If you use leggies, and not tights, then you don't even have to cut off the toe-heel part - you understand, it is absent from the beginning.
Trying on the top:
Well, at first glance, the idea of making a simple top out of unsuccessful tights or leggings seems like a good idea. In fact, such a top is unlikely to be successful. Firstly, the picture will be spoiled by the back and front seams, which on normal tops are located on the side, and not in the center of the chest or back. Secondly, raw seams will immediately become the source of many arrows. In general, the very process of making such a top looks more impressive, and not the result.
But, despite the delusional idea, television does not hesitate to show stories with recommendations on how to make a top out of tights or leggings.
Used in the production of tights nylon(nylon fiber) is initially a white-transparent, very durable material. Its elasticity is much higher than that of silk thread. Strength nylon thread depends on strict adherence to all technological parameters during its production: threads with a diameter of 0.1 mm can withstand 0.55 kg of weight. This material has two more names abroad: nylon and perlon.
Material properties
Nylon fibers in addition to high strength, they are resistant to bending (repeated deformation) and abrasion. This material does not absorb moisture, so it does not lose strength when wet. Among the shortcomings, there is a low resistance to acids and a small heat resistance - when heated, the strength decreases, and at a temperature of 215 degrees, melting occurs.
Types of products
Modern large producers pantyhose constantly improve and develop the level of production. The world's leading brands are constantly inventing new options: with patterns, mesh, openwork, colored. SiSi tights are manufactured in different options: classic, fantasy, with longitudinal arrows. Italian products are always distinguished by their rich colors, excellent quality and stylish solutions... Various manufacturing companies today produce thin, ultra-thin products, products for everyday wear, warm, health-improving models, and others.
The process of making nylon tights
Today for production pantyhose only high quality polyamide threads (nylon 6.6) are used. It is more durable than other types of polyamide. Nylon is not characterized by a high degree of elasticity and is textured and ironed during the manufacturing process. The production technology is a more complex production process than cotton or woolen products and requires a fairly large number of different equipment.
Technological processes include several stages of processing: to knit two tube-shaped blanks, hosiery machines are used. It takes about two minutes to knit two blanks for a future product. At the next stage, sewing operations are performed using sewing equipment. Are applied sewing machines with flat seam and overlock function. Then the product undergoes the dyeing process on a special dyeing equipment. For molding and packaging, molding equipment and packaging equipment are used.
Modern equipment - machines make it possible for the production of any assortment nylon products: traditional nylon, elastic, with lycra, mesh, colored and with various patterns. For the manufacture of models for medical purposes (dragging), Italian equipment is used - Santoni Pendolina Medical machines. The productivity of modern pantyhose machines allows the production of classic models about 400 pieces per day, fancy model options - up to 300 pieces.
Basic equipment
For manufacturing, machines with needle selection are used in each system (by means of a monomagnet). They can create various options hinges by means of loop-forming wedges, adjustable by a stepping motor. The machine is equipped with an electronic control system for all functions, auto-protection and automatic diagnostics of all processes. The required sizes, articles, drawings, their location on the product is carried out using a programming computer with special software.
All women are repeatedly faced with such a problem as arrows and holes in nylon tights. This unpleasant moment happens so often that sometimes you just don't know how to deal with it. Moreover, this simply necessary wardrobe item makes us more and more often buy a new product of higher quality, and this is well worth the price. This is probably why it is quite difficult for many women of fashion to say goodbye to another pair of once beloved, accidentally torn tights. Is it possible to extend their life by remaking them into a new creation? Of course! Such tights can make original and chic do-it-yourself stockings, leggings, knee-highs, gloves, gag and many more interesting little things. Now we will tell you, you do not know how to make stockings from pantyhose with your own hands.
Materials and tools
To convert our favorite tights into new stockings or leggings, we need some materials, Part will be taken from the base, and everything else will be auxiliary tools. So, before starting work, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:
- One pair of tights.
- Spool of thread to match the product.
- A thin needle.
- Scissors.
- Wide elastic band that will hold the stockings on the leg.
- Satin ribbon or lace for decoration.
Getting Started
Now we will learn how to sew stockings from pantyhose, and we will deal with the process of alteration itself. It consists of several important stages:
- First, we need to turn the tights on seamy side... This will give the product a neat finish.
- Now we need to make a mark on the top of the tights that you have chosen yourself. We recommend trimming the pantyhose upwards, at the level of the crotch. So the stockings will definitely not be short.
- Next, we cut off the top of the pantyhose in order to end up with two identical stockings. For this we need sharp scissors. We do this manipulation with the second part of the tights.
Important! We cut it neatly, realizing that nylon is a rather delicate material.
- The edge of the already cut stocking must be scorched with fire, in other words, soldered. In this way, the product will not dissolve. For these purposes, you can use matches, a lighter or candle fire.
- In order to prevent an arrow from forming along the cut line during the wear process, it is necessary to sew a not too tight elastic band to the very edge of the stocking. This will allow the finished stockings to hold firmly on the leg. By the way, you don't have to buy an elastic band, but use an elastic band from the same tights. It just needs to be carefully cut, divided into two parts and sewn to the top of the stocking. Everything is extremely simple!
Important! The threads to make classic pantyhose stockings should be the same color as the tights. If you like experiments - please! You can take an elastic band and threads of a radically different color, or combine the seams in different colors.
- The edge of the stockings can be finished with different stitches such as zigzag or machine stitch. The main thing is to end up with front side the product was clean and without puffs.
Important! When sewing on nylon, you do not need to tighten the stitches too much and you should not make large indents between them. The seam in this case will be rough and not entirely neat. More attentiveness, diligence, and you will succeed.
- Optionally, decorate ready-made stockings with ribbons, rhinestones and lace. These elements will add some piquancy and tenderness to the product.
That's the whole process of converting pantyhose into stockings. Agree, it's easy to make do-it-yourself stockings from pantyhose.
Optional accessories
You can also make suspenders for the stockings - it's not so difficult. To do this, you need lace, a decorative elastic band and a clasp from a swimsuit or a clip:
- Cut out triangles from lace and sew them on the sides.
- Next, we sew braces to the top, and a clip to them.
Voila! The charming belt is ready! It will perfectly complement your newly made stockings.
Video
So, dear women, do not rush to throw away your torn, old, but favorite tights. It is quite possible to make stockings with your own hands. And you can also make a lot of useful, interesting, and most importantly necessary things from them with your own hands. They can be used to decorate the interior, in the garden, in the kitchen, in the nursery and even in the home first aid kit.
