What it takes to give birth to a healthy baby. What you need to give birth to a healthy baby

How to give birth to a healthy baby? This question is relevant for every expectant mother, because the health of the future baby directly depends on the state of health of the woman during pregnancy and on the impact of environmental factors.What should a pregnant woman avoid and how to take care of her health - let's talk about this in this article.

The main laying of organs and systems in a future person occurs during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy (first trimester). During this period, the embryo turns into little man, but it is these first months of development that play the most significant role. The fetus is very vulnerable during this period, and even a cold (or banal sore throat) can have a negative impact on its development. The factors that cause a negative effect on the fetus and lead to the occurrence of malformations are called teratogenic. These include bad habits, infectious diseases, conditions and quality of life, as well as some drugs. Therefore, the question “ how to give birth to a healthy baby"Is the question of what factors should be avoided during pregnancy.

Malformations are divided into hereditary(gene mutations, pathological hereditary chromosomal changes) and acquired. Congenital malformations of the fetus may include external defects that can be corrected (for example, "cleft lip", "cleft palate"), or impaired growth and development of internal organs and systems.

Let's consider the main factors on which the birth of a healthy child directly depends.

Smoking.

Smoking during pregnancy- one of the main negative factors affecting the development of the fetus. Children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have a 65% higher risk of developing bronchial asthma. It is generally known that tobacco smoke contains about 4500 very toxic and carcinogenic substances, and the main component of tobacco - nicotine - penetrates the placental barrier and has a negative effect on the fetus. In addition, the entry of smoking products into the bloodstream causes a spasm of the vessels supplying the uterus, and the child begins to experience hypoxia (lack of oxygen).

The consequences of your bad habit for the child are as follows:

• chronic lack of oxygen (hypoxia);
• intrauterine growth retardation (intrauterine growth retardation);
• lack of weight;
• facial pathology, underdevelopment of the genitals;
• increased risk of pulmonary underdevelopment syndrome and intrauterine fetal death;
• drug addiction.

Alcohol

Modern scientific research has shown that a man's blood alcohol content corresponds to its content in semen. Therefore, drinking alcohol on the day of conception, as well as chronic abuse, has a negative effect on the fetus. But alcohol drunk by a woman before conception has practically no effect on the development of her baby.

But drinking alcohol in the first months of pregnancy is prohibited - it inhibits cell division, which can lead to birth defects. Drinking alcohol at a very early stage (when a woman does not yet know about pregnancy) does not affect the occurrence of malformations, but can affect the adaptation processes. During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, with the permission of your obstetrician-gynecologist, you can pamper yourself with a glass of dry wine or light light beer once a week. However, there is no “recommended” dose of alcohol for expectant mothers.

Ecology

It is not for nothing that doctors advise pregnant women to be outdoors more often. and move to more environmentally friendly areas. After all, smog in big cities also contains substances that negatively affect the fetus. Expectant mothers living in metropolitan areas have an increased risk of having a baby with mental and mental disabilities (by 7%), underweight (by 9%) and a decrease in head circumference (by 2%). Therefore, choose routes for walking away from large enterprises and highways.

Household dust is also important, as it can contain particles of hair, nails, human skin, as well as pet hair, fungal spores, particles of fiberglass, nylon and fragments of other materials. During pregnancy, allergies to house dust, animal hair and pollen are most common. Therefore, wet cleaning and an air purifier are your friends for creating a pleasant home environment.

Caffeine

Caffeine in large quantities can contribute to the development of fetal malformations, and when consumed in moderate doses, coffee is completely safe. The recommended dose for pregnant women is 200 ml of coffee per day (this corresponds to 2 cups of instant coffee or 1 large serving of cappuccino). Significant doses of caffeine lead to constriction of blood vessels and impairment of blood flow in the placenta. And this is fraught with the development of hypoxia and fetal growth retardation. The tandem of coffee + cigarettes will especially negatively affect the future baby!

Household chemicals

The placenta does not always retain harmful substances... It has been proven that bisphenols (included in household chemicals and insect repellents) can cause disorders nervous systems s in the fetus. Also negatively affected by the brominates, which are included in the composition of cleaning powders. Therefore, during pregnancy, you should stop using chemicals (bleaches, glass cleaners, limescale removers) and replace them. For example, you can degrease surfaces with mustard, lemon juice will help remove rust, and vinegar and baking soda will overcome limescale.

Mobile phones, computers, tablets, navigators

Recent studies have shown that a wireless Wi-Fi system leads to a decrease in sperm motility and damages their DNA. It is also best for a pregnant woman to stay away from potentially harmful radiation. Cell phones, computers, microwave ovens, and other electronics that emit radiation can cause changes in the fetus.

• not wear mobile phone next to the stomach, do not put it next to the pillow, limit telephone calls to 3-4 minutes;
• do not keep a working laptop on your lap;
• position household appliances so that its back surface is directed to the wall;
• the distance will protect you from microwaves. For an electric kettle it is 30 cm, for a microwave oven 50 cm, for washing machine 60 cm, and for TV and air conditioner at least 150 cm.

In this article:

A child is the most valuable and dear person for any parent. It is especially important for a mother that her baby is healthy and strong. Even without being pregnant, a woman on a subconscious level is already ready to protect her child. The maternal instinct laid down by nature is further enhanced and exacerbated when a woman learns about the upcoming motherhood.

From that moment on, the only thing that occupies all the thoughts of the expectant mother is the question "How to give birth to a healthy baby?" Unfortunately, many would-be parents realize what responsibility is placed on their shoulders only when they find out about pregnancy.

In order to give birth to a healthy baby in all respects, you need to take care, first of all, about your health. This applies not only to the mother, but also to the father of the unborn child.

And you should start monitoring the state of your body and maintain it in the desired form long before conception.

If you think over and plan a pregnancy in advance and undergo the necessary medical examination, you can avoid many serious diseases, as well as congenital pathologies in a tiny man. After all, most of these ailments can be prevented even in the early stages of pregnancy, knowing about the causes of their occurrence.

Planned pregnancy has long been practiced in many developed countries. So a married couple worries in advance about the health and safety of a new family member, having undergone a series of medical procedures and starting to lead a healthy lifestyle.

What examinations do you need to undergo before pregnancy?

So, if the spouses are already ready to become parents, then they need to take serious care of their health in order to prevent possible diseases in the baby in the future.

• First of all, the expectant mother should contact a gynecologist who will evaluate her physical condition and the ability to carry and give birth to a healthy baby.
• It will be useful if both husband and wife turn to a geneticist. By interviewing, the general health of the couple and their heredity can be assessed.
• You may need advice from other specialists - a cardiologist, neuropathologist, ophthalmologist, therapist.
• The expectant mother is recommended to visit the gynecologist's office more often, who will conduct a thorough examination of the patient to identify possible deviations in the development of the genitals. In addition, to check for oncological diseases, it is necessary to carry out examinations of the mammary glands and thyroid, pass a smear for cytology, and in doubtful cases, pass several more tests.
• In addition to the usual examination, a woman also undergoes an ultrasound scan (ultrasound examination), which is recommended to be done after critical days - this is the first phase of the menstrual cycle - for more reliable data.

What should you pay attention to during pregnancy?

Having learned about pregnancy, spouses often panic, as they understand the importance and significance of the changes that are taking place. How to give birth to a healthy baby? How will the birth go? What problems can arise? How will the pregnancy proceed? These are just some of the questions that young parents will seek answers to.

Visiting a gynecologist throughout pregnancy. He will monitor the health of the mother and the intrauterine development of the fetus. The doctor directs his patient to a series of studies and analyzes. An ultrasound scan is mandatory at 11-12 and 20-22 weeks of pregnancy. Before 10 weeks, it is necessary to pass tests for the detection and treatment of viral infections, such as rubella, herpes, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus. And at 16 - 20 weeks, a study is carried out to determine the level of chorionic gonadotropin proteins and alpha-fetoprotein.

All these medical procedures help to identify infections, defects and abnormalities in the development of pregnancy in the early stages, when something else can be done. The opportunity to resort to intrauterine treatment will help get rid of many diseases during pregnancy so that a woman can give birth to a healthy baby.

• in this period Special attention you need to pay attention to the physical and emotional state of the expectant mother. Positive thoughts, healthy sleep and the absence of strenuous physical activity contribute to the harmonious and correct development of the fetus. A woman can look good positive. A woman needs to be surrounded with care and warmth, so that she gets pleasure from what is born in her. new life... Then the birth will take place without complications;
• a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle will provide the baby with all the necessary vitamins and nutrients through the umbilical cord. Taking medications must be agreed with your doctor. Many medicines are strictly prohibited during pregnancy and lactation;
• at this time, a woman should protect her body from colds and other diseases, because they can cause complications and affect the condition of the fetus;
• when planning a pregnancy, it is worth giving up bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs) about six months before conception. During this time, the body will be cleansed of nicotine and other harmful elements and will fully recover;
• physical activity should be in moderation. Overwork should be avoided, but there is no need to switch to a less active lifestyle. Outdoor hiking and a range of exercises designed specifically for pregnant women will help prepare the female body for childbirth.

Maternal infections and diseases affecting fetal development

Many diseases can occur in a woman's body in a latent form, that is, asymptomatic. Some of them can cause miscarriage or pathology in the development of the baby. Both men and women can carry infections. Microorganisms and viruses that can affect the condition of the fetus are undoubted infectious agents.

However, expectant mothers with infectious diseases can give birth to a perfectly healthy baby. Not always detected microorganisms affect the development of pathologies in a tiny creature.

How to give birth to a healthy baby if a medical examination indicates an infection in the body? This is possible if the disease is diagnosed in time and the correct treatment is prescribed.

The most common infectious agents are:

Herpes- the least dangerous viral infection, which has a low probability of infection of the fetus and the minimum percentage of developing any abnormalities in the child. However, an exacerbation of the virus after 32 weeks of pregnancy can lead to a cesarean section, since during a natural birth, the baby can become infected with herpes, passing through the birth canal.

Cytomegalovirus- an infection that is transmitted both sexually and by airborne droplets. This disease is most dangerous if a woman first becomes infected with it during pregnancy from a person with an acute form of the infection. The virus has the ability to freely penetrate the placenta and can damage the fetus, because the mother's body does not have the necessary antibodies that would prevent the baby from becoming infected.

In the early stages of pregnancy, cytomegalovirus can provoke a spontaneous miscarriage or the development of abnormalities in a baby. At a later date, this infection causes premature birth, contributes to the occurrence of polyhydramnios and serious pathologies of the newborn.

Rubella- one of the most dangerous types of infectious diseases. This virus is almost always transmitted to the fetus and causes many complications. Rubella acquired during pregnancy causes heart disease, deafness, cataracts, physical underdevelopment, pneumonia and disorders of the child's circulatory system.

The expectant mother should in every possible way avoid contact with patients with rubella throughout pregnancy, and especially in the first trimester, when the formation of congenital fetal abnormalities is most likely. Previous vaccination or rubella in childhood will affect the strengthening of the mother's immunity. In this case, the woman's body will not allow the spread of infection and its penetration through the placenta.

Flu... The flu virus itself does not pose a danger to the mother and baby. However, possible complications on the immune and cardiovascular system, as well as on the kidneys, can provoke threats of miscarriage and premature birth. After suffering the flu, a weakened female body can pick up a staphylococcal or pneumococcal infection. In the early stages of pregnancy, a woman is advised to improve her immunity in every possible way and eat well. Until the 12th week, all important organs form and develop in a child, so it is important not to let the infection affect this process.

Bacteria, protozoa and fungi

Toxoplasmosis- the most dangerous bacterial infection for the health of the mother and her baby. Very often, infection with this disease occurs through contact with a cat or infected meat. If a woman had had this infection before pregnancy, then in her body throughout her life there are antibodies that fight the disease.

Other infections... Mycoplasmosis, thrush (candidiasis), gardenellosis, chlamydia, trichomonadosis and listeriosis. These diseases are also dangerous for a pregnant woman and her child, but if detected early, they are treated.

Useful video

The first question that worries every conscious mother-to-be is to give birth to a healthy baby. Someone asks them, just starting. Someone, having already learned about her. Of course, in the first case, the chances of healthy offspring are much greater, because the mother has time to fix a lot and do so as to minimize all kinds of risks. But this does not mean at all that women who are not planning a pregnancy will not be able to give birth to a strong and healthy baby. There are some traditional tips for this, following which you can avoid many troubles. Many of them may seem commonplace and well-known to you, but, as they say, repetition is the mother of learning. Therefore, read, remember, teach and apply.

BEFORE PREGNANCY

Special attention to one's own health at the planning stage

In order for the pregnancy to proceed without complications, and in 9 months a healthy baby is born, it is necessary to prepare for an "interesting situation". This requires the consultation of a doctor who specializes in planning. He will give competent advice and direct you to everything required analyzes... Moreover, it will be necessary to examine not only a woman, but also a man, since the health of his offspring directly depends on his health. Diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, as well as various hereditary diseases, will help to eliminate the problem in time and increase the chances of having a healthy baby. Viruses of herpes simplex, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, enterovirus, adenovirus, HIV infection, hepatitis B and C are dangerous for the baby. It is also necessary to diagnose and treat diseases caused by various bacteria. For example, chlamydia, streptococcus, staphylococcus, treponema, listeria and others.

Often, you may need to consult narrow specialists, such as a therapist, ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, cardiologist, etc. A woman preparing for pregnancy will be referred for an ultrasound scan.

To give birth to a healthy and strong baby, experts advise choosing the period "late summer - early autumn" for conceiving a child. In their opinion, this is the most favorable time, because being in the fresh air and the sun, foods rich in vitamins, the absence of viral infections are all just favorable factors.

Also, if you want to give birth to a healthy baby, try to do it before 35 years old. After this age, the risk of having children with various health problems increases.

Down with bad habits!

It is a common truth, but many, for some reason, do not find the strength to cope with this task. And if eliminating alcohol is not so difficult for many (yes, yes, and even one beer a week!), Then with cigarettes the situation is much more complicated. In the meantime, the entire world community is screaming loudly about how badly nicotine affects the formation and development of the fetus. Reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke to 2 or even one per day. And then give up this addiction altogether. The best option would be if you quit smoking 3-4 months before you start “working” with your husband on creating your “masterpiece”. For those who have never smoked and are not going to, we advise you not to be in a room where others do it. After all, secondhand smoke is also bad for your health and affects the fetus.

DURING PREGNANCY

Hooray! The test showed two cherished stripes, and an ultrasound scan confirmed that a new life has arisen under your heart! Take care of her. Remember that the most important point of interest is the first trimester (12 weeks). It is at this time that the baby's organs are laid. Therefore, now you need to monitor your health especially carefully. So what are we doing?

We go through examinations and analyzes

If during planning you passed most of the tests to determine a variety of infections and diseases, now you will not have to take them. If not, then the main "pregnant" tests will need to pass them. Remember that viral infections can lead to miscarriage or fetal malformations. And you want to give birth to a healthy baby, right?

Listen to your doctor's recommendations. Undergo an ultrasound scan to exclude various pathologies and adjust your actions if necessary. Throughout pregnancy, ultrasound scans are performed 3 to 6 times, depending on the need.

We eat right

The nutrition of the expectant mother is incredibly important for the birth of a healthy baby. While in the womb, the baby receives nutrition through the blood. Therefore, the quality of maternal blood directly affects the development of the fetus and the lack of certain substances can lead to the formation of various pathologies in the child.

And these are pathologies of the brain and spine, and various others (for example, such as "cleft lip" and "cleft palate").

For a long time, or better forever, forget about fast foods, chips, colored soda, chewing gum, sweets with dubious ingredients. Also, do not use fruits and vegetables "out of season", because they contain a large percentage of various chemicals, which certainly will not be beneficial. Do not be lazy to cook complete meals, because semi-finished products contain a large amount of preservatives and other chemicals.

Do not eat fatty, fried and salty foods. Limit your intake of sugary and starchy foods. But at the same time, your food should be varied. Cereals, fish, meat, vegetables, fruits, herbs, dairy products - the choice of "right" products is wide, so do not worry that you will have nothing to eat. Fish and meat are irreplaceable sources of protein. Calcium, which is contained in cottage cheese and other "sour milk", is a must for both mom and baby. It is needed to maintain the health of a woman, as well as for the correct formation of the fetus, first of all, its skeleton and teeth. Make sure that the products from which you prepare your own food are not only natural and seasonal, but also fresh.

Pay special attention to foods containing folic acid. Its lack in the early stages of pregnancy can cause a variety of pathologies in the fetus.

Look for dark green leafy vegetables. These are broccoli, spinach, sorrel, and Brussels sprouts. It is also found in some citrus fruits, cheese, liver. Bread made from wholemeal flour and yeast are also rich in folic acid.

Drink as much as you like, but at least two liters of fluid per day. The water you drink must be clean and fresh. Don't forget about fruit drinks and compotes. But on the contrary, try to forget about coffee.

Monitor your weight. Correct weight gain is an indicator of the normal and timely development of the baby. Doctors say that the optimal weight gain for the entire pregnancy should not exceed 12 kilograms.

Vitamins and medicines

Remember that taking medications and various dietary supplements during pregnancy is highly undesirable. In individual cases, if the state of health of the mother or baby requires it, we can take a certain number of medications. But any, even spam, a pill that is harmless in your opinion, should be taken only with the consent and permission of a doctor.

However, vitamins are often recommended for pregnant women. But these are also separate preparations designed for the body of a pregnant woman, so any vitamins from a pharmacy will not work. It is especially important that a pregnant woman take iron, iodine, folic acid (B9) supplements. But you need to drink vitamins only in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. Otherwise, you can seriously harm yourself and your baby.

Monitor your health

The minimum deterioration in health while carrying a baby affects his health. Therefore, if you want to give birth to a healthy baby, try to take care of yourself: avoid contact with viruses. Your body is already vulnerable, because now it works with a double load, which is why the immune system is slightly weakened. Try not to use public transport. Wash your hands often. During periods of disease outbreaks, lubricate the nasal mucosa with oxolinic ointment. Keep Laferobion handy.

Reduce, and if possible, completely eliminate contact with pets, especially cats. They can cause toxoplasmosis, a disease that is dangerous for a pregnant woman. Having become infected with toxoplasmosis in the second trimester, the risk of increased intracranial pressure, mental retardation, epilepsy and blindness in a child increases by 20%. In the third trimester, the probability of illness, in case of infection, is 50-60%. Therefore, take care of yourself!

Calm, only calm!

This phrase from the famous cartoon must now be repeated like a mantra. No nervous stress! Yes, it is difficult and not always possible to apply in practice, but you should try to follow this rule as much as possible. Try to understand that stress and anxiety greatly affect the way your baby will be in the future.

Create a pleasant environment at home. Up to the point that make your husband repaint the walls, because you so want them to become tender Pink colour! Try to get only positive emotions. Go to concerts and exhibitions, draw, sing. However, do what you enjoy doing. And do not forget to smile more often)))

We rest, walk, do "pregnant" sports

After learning about their pregnancy, some women try to "take care" of themselves: lie on the couch, reading magazines or watching TV. Rest is undoubtedly the golden rule of pregnancy. Lunch sleep, if you wish, too. But not 24 hours a day! You need moderate and carefully planned physical activity. Exercise complexes specially designed for pregnant women are perfect.

If possible, sign up for a swim. And even better - water aerobics for expectant mothers. This will help you strengthen your back, abdomen, and pelvic muscles and prepare for the upcoming birth. Moreover, by moving, you promote the flow of oxygen to the placenta, which is vital for the baby.

Try to walk more often in the woods or at least in the city park. Admire trees, watch birds, insects, listen to the noise of foliage.

In general, tune in to the positive and live for your pleasure! May your baby be healthy and happy!

Especially for Olga Rizak

Planning a pregnancy is not an empty phrase, but a whole group of activities that parents should go through if they want to give birth to a healthy baby in the future. It consists of a variety of procedures carried out with the aim of examining the health of a married couple, their correct lifestyle and good nutrition.

First of all, pregnancy planning is on guard for the detection and subsequent elimination of all kinds of risks to the child.

How to properly prepare for pregnancy? Which doctors should you visit? What infections do you first need to fight? About this and much more - in our today's article.

When to start preparing?

It is best if the parents-to-be start preparing for the upcoming pregnancy a year before conception. Of course, not all couples have such an amount of time for this, which is due to a great desire to have a baby as soon as possible.

That is why it is worth starting preparation at least 3 months before a married couple plans to conceive a child. This period is quite capable of protecting the baby from potential dangers.

Where to start?

It is best to start with psychological preparation: future parents should be aware that a child is a responsible step and it is extremely important to really understand its significance.

If their family already has children, then it is necessary to prepare the kids for the appearance of a brother or sister, and also to determine who can help parents in raising a future child.

Proper nutrition

It is very important during this period to choose the correct diet - the basis for the birth of a healthy child.

1. A married couple needs to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, lean on fish and meat dishes, eat cottage cheese and dairy products.
2. A woman needs to eat as little as possible sweet and baked, so as not to gain excess weight even before pregnancy. If you really want something sweet, you can replace sugar with fructose or honey. The presence of salt in food should also be limited.
3. You should not drink tea or coffee, but it is better to switch to an abundant drink of juices and fruit drinks or drink bottled spring water.

1. The nutrition of the expectant mother should be based on natural products, which should be consumed a little, but overeating in no case should be - just like starving.

Physical training

In order to keep herself in shape, a woman needs to go in for sports. Performing some exercises every day helps the expectant mother to bear the baby without problems, to safely give birth and as soon as possible after that to take the desired forms.

In addition, moderate physical training helps in the fight against varicose veins, prevents the formation of stretch marks and tears, strengthens muscles and takes care of the condition of the hips and pelvis.

Taking vitamins

How nice it would be if a woman received all the vitamins important for her health while eating! However, the reality is that at the stage of preparation, she must necessarily take vitamins from the "box".

After all, the body of the expectant mother, as a rule, is depleted by all kinds of diets, and her health condition deteriorates due to smoking and the environment.

What do you need to know?

When choosing vitamins, you should not consult with your girlfriends or neighbors about this. Medicines and various dietary supplements are also not the best choice for women soon planning a pregnancy. And their reception is possible only when the gynecologist or therapist insists on it.

An exception can be folic acid - it is recommended to take it for all expectant mothers, since it reduces the risk of possible defects in the development of the baby's brain. As a rule, acid is used as a supplement to a vitamin complex, which a doctor recommends to a woman.

What kind of doctors do you need to go through?

Gynecologist

First of all, a woman should visit a gynecologist. This is necessary in order for him to determine the presence of possible gynecological diseases, find out the stability of the cycle and take smears for the vaginal microflora and infections.

Therapist

An appointment with a therapist is required for an in-depth examination of both parents. This doctor determines how their health can be corrected and what will be required for this: the necessary treatment, recommendations for nutrition and physical activity.

If such a need arises, the therapist sends future parents (and mother, first of all) to narrow-profile doctors.

Endocrinologist

Preparation for birth cannot be considered complete without his examination. He will prescribe the woman hormone tests, showing how exactly the bearing of a healthy child will take place.

Dentist

Since the baby "takes" a lot of calcium from the mother, which is why the teeth begin to deteriorate, a visit to the dentist becomes a mandatory procedure during preparation for pregnancy. After all, caries is not so much an aesthetic problem as an infectious one.

In the process of gestation, there is a high probability of transmitting this infection to the child.

Planning analyzes

During the planning period, a woman is usually assigned the following types of research:

• UAC and OAM;
• analysis that determines the blood group;
• scraping from the cervix and its cytology;
• three types of ultrasound;
• tests for HIV, syphilis, gonococci, etc .;
• Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus;
• blood clotting test.

The doctor prescribes other tests in cases where:

1. The woman has already had a miscarriage or she was faced with a frozen pregnancy.
2. The expectant mother took antibiotics.
3. She already had an abortion.
4. The closest relatives of the couple suffer from genetic disorders.

What should be the preparation of a future father?

How to give birth to a healthy baby? Preparing for pregnancy and childbirth is important not only for the mother, but for the father. He is obliged to join a normal lifestyle, exclude alcohol and cigarettes from the diet, eat well and get enough sleep.

Moreover, future dad must undergo a medical examination, in which he will pass a spermogram, undergo an examination for the presence of hereditary diseases and possible infections, and also find out his blood group and Rh factor.

Possible infections: what are they?

Infections affecting future parents usually work in a hidden "mode". However, it is they who subsequently become the cause of the possible appearance of congenital deformities in the infant.

Of course, not every microorganism found in the blood of future parents becomes the cause of the abnormal development of their child. However, no one wants to risk the health of the fetus, therefore, before conception and during pregnancy, it is better to protect yourself as much as possible from any types of infections.

How can transmission of infection occur to an unborn baby?

It is transmitted in two ways:

• with blood directly across the placenta;
• through the infected genital tract.

Flu

Very often, women do not pay much attention to the fact that they can get the flu during pregnancy. However, the danger is not so much the virus as its complications, which are expressed in the load on the kidneys and failures in the immune system. All of these can lead to miscarriage or premature birth.

Let's say more: it is after the flu that a woman, especially a pregnant woman, becomes an "object of attention" for pneumococci or staphylococci. Therefore, it is very important not to lose sight of this and strengthen the immune system in all available ways.

Rubella

This is the most dangerous infectious disease, in which it is quite easy to become infected with it at the 5th week of pregnancy, but it is highly undesirable. It is this period that becomes the cornerstone in relation to the development of the future child, because rubella is an irreversible consequence that leads to abortion and the death of a child.

But if future mother she has already had rubella or was vaccinated at one time, she may not worry about the health of the little one, since she has a powerful immunity to the disease.

To prevent rubella, it would be better for other women to be vaccinated against rubella two to three months before they plan to become pregnant, and then control the process of forming immunity by passing tests during the pregnancy itself.

Cytomegalovirus

It is also extremely dangerous for a newborn, and worst of all, if a woman becomes infected with it through contact with a sick person.

If this happened in the early stages of pregnancy, the infection will become a threat of miscarriage or the appearance of various abnormalities in the fetus. "Joining" a woman later, cytomegalovirus can provoke childbirth ahead of time or the appearance of its congenital form in an infant.

The best prevention from infection before and during pregnancy is not to contact in any way people who have this infection in the acute stage.

Toxoplasmosis

An infection that poses a serious threat to the health of the mother and her baby. As a rule, infection occurs after a woman cuddles a cute kitten with toxoplasmosis. However, if she had previously been ill with this infection, the immunity to it remains in her body for the rest of her life.

For all other mothers, the danger grows along with the timing, and if infection is not dangerous in the first trimester, then:

• in the second, the child has a chance of acquiring congenital toxoplasmosis (20%), which affects the eyes and central nervous system;
• in the third trimester, the risk of infection rises to 60% of cases, and infection can lead to increased intracranial pressure, mental retardation and even epilepsy.

Herpes

The likelihood of contracting herpes is quite small, and its exacerbation deserves serious attention if it happened at 32 weeks of gestation.

Other infections

It can be thrush, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia and other infections, which in severe form increase the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.

Only timely diagnosis and competent treatment will help not only suppress them in the bud, but also do it in advance - even before a woman becomes pregnant.

What do women need to know after 35?

Late childbirth, which occurs between 35 and 45 years old, is a series of difficulties that accompany women from the very moment of conception. At this age, women often find it difficult to become pregnant and bear a healthy child, especially if they have had a number of infectious diseases or had abortions before.

Age from 35 to 40 years is often accompanied by a decrease in the level of blood clotting, which is most dangerous in difficult childbirth, or, on the contrary, by the formation of blood clots. In addition, babies in women of the age category after 35 are quite often born with low weight.

How to keep your baby and yourself safe?

If a lady decides to become pregnant after 35 years, she needs to know that keeping herself in good physical shape and taking care of her health is the main guarantee of success in the field of childbirth.

The best solution would be to attend preparatory courses, which both future parents should be like at once. It is also worth finding in advance a good specialist who will guide the woman during gestation.

Do not panic if he suddenly begins to dissuade a woman from becoming pregnant: the anxiety associated with late childbirth is natural, but this does not mean that giving birth after 35 is prohibited by law or medicine.

Examination of couples at risk

Any disease, whether it is in the active stage or is latent, can harm both the baby and his mother. Therefore, it is extremely important not only to determine its presence, but also to cure it in advance, before pregnancy.

In the case when future parents have a clear problem with conception, or a woman has already had unsuccessful pregnancies that have led to miscarriages or the birth of a sick child, the couple needs to undergo a thorough examination by doctors.

In this case, special attention will need to be paid to analyzes, an appointment with a geneticist and an ultrasound scan at different times.

If the doctor observing the couple suspects the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in the mother's body, which often affect women after 35, he may suggest that future parents take a chorionic biopsy. This examination excludes a number of serious illnesses and some serious disorders in the development of the baby.

When do you need the help of a geneticist?

Consultation with a geneticist is necessary if:

• the presence of a hereditary disease in future parents;
• the couple has a child who has already had the disease;
• the expectant mother is over 35 years old;
• the wife moved ARVI or took medications in the early stages;
• future parents are close relatives to each other;
• pregnancies that the woman had, led to a miscarriage or stillbirth.

7 rules for a healthy lifestyle (before and during pregnancy)

No stress

Parents-to-be should avoid any stressful situations, overwork at work and at home, colds and viruses. Your best bet is to eliminate your alcohol or cigarette smoking habit.

Moderate sports

Before and during pregnancy, it will be beneficial for a woman to switch to moderate physical activity in order to keep herself in good shape. Do not remove them altogether, because low-impact sports are extremely beneficial for your health and well-being.

Swimming

It's great if the parents-to-be love to swim and decide to sign up for the pool! Swimming has a beneficial effect on overall health and strengthens muscles.

Women who are in the "after 40" group should not neglect this sport and be sure to go to water aerobics groups, but it is better for them not to swim on the river or in the lakes, as this increases the risk of contracting some kind of infection.

No unnecessary loads

Women in position are prohibited from working at night and lifting weights. Also, during pregnancy, you can not use leg sewing machines or riding a bicycle, making sudden movements, or coming into contact with hazardous substances.

Daily regime

A pregnant lady must necessarily walk a lot, oxygenating her lungs, in order to subsequently give birth to a healthy child. At the same time, she is supposed to sleep at least eight hours a day, and goes to bed no later than 11 pm.

It is best if the bed where the expectant mother sleeps will be comfortable, but not very soft. Doctors believe that during pregnancy, she should sleep on her back or on her right side.

Sex

Having sex during pregnancy is not prohibited, but it is better to leave them for a more favorable period: after 1 trimester, if the lady has previously experienced miscarriages or became pregnant for the first time.

Also, it is better not to have sex in the last 2 months for women who give birth not for the first time, but in the past they did it by surgery.

Finally, during pregnancy, you need to get plenty of rest, eat well and be examined by a doctor in order to give birth to a strong baby and become a truly happy parent!

How to get pregnant and have a healthy baby (highlights)

1. Introduction
2.Preparation for conception.

b) How chronic diseases affect the possibility of conception and pregnancy
c) The main directions of preparation for conceptiond) Gender of the unborn child
3.Conception
a) Vagina and uterus.
b) Ovulation
c) Fertilization
d) Favorable days for conception
4. Carrying - pregnancy
a) Signs of pregnancy
b) Pregnancy test
c) Complications of pregnancy.
d) Experience of using dietary supplements of the NSP company during pregnancy
e) What changes occur in the body during pregnancy
f) Pregnancy calendar by week
g) Tips for pregnant women
h) Pregnancy after 35 years
5 childbirth
a) Pain relief.
Delivery methods:
b) Vertical
c) According to the Lebuyer method
d) Under water.
e) Childbirth at home.
f) breastfeeding.

Be sure to watch the VIDEO:

1. Introduction.
The birth rate in Russia has decreased by half - from 2.2 children per woman in 1986 to 1.2-1.3 by the end of the 90s. Most demographers and politicians explain this by the worsening economic situation in the country. But this is not the main reason.
The ineffectiveness of economic measures to stimulate childbearing is also proved by the experience of the rich countries of Europe, where there are 1.4-1.8 children for every woman. Among the richest Russian families, the number of children is 3-4 times less than among the poorest.
Studies have shown that men experienced a marked decrease in libido (craving for opposite sex) and potency (sexual performance).
For example, according to opinion polls in Poland, in the post-Soviet years there has been a 10% decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse, and among married men, about 80% go to their wives' bedrooms with insufficient enthusiasm.
There was a deterioration in spermatogenesis both among Europeans and among Russians. If by the end of the 19th century, a man's body normally produced 80-100 million spermatozoa per milliliter of semen, then by the 60s of the last century their concentration had significantly decreased and now 20 ml for happiness is considered the norm.
As if at first 32 teeth in the oral cavity were considered the norm, but now there are 8 teeth.
The main reason men lack zinc in their diet is the male element. 1 tablet must be sucked daily for life. In the USA, the norm is 15 mg daily.
Female copper.
Biologists have long figured out that in order for one of the sperm to cover the distance to the egg, dissolve its membrane and fertilize, biological energy is needed, millions of times greater than its own.
The help of millions like him is required to build a "bridge" to the birth of a new life. Therefore, their advance is not chaotic, but in phalanxes ("detachments"), when not the front one comes to the finish line, he dies, but the one who is kept in reserve.
In women in last years there is a pronounced violation of reproductive health. The activity of the endocrine and nervous systems deteriorates.
The frequency of disorders of the ovulatory cycle has increased, gynecological dysfunctions have increased by 240% in 1990-1998, the prevalence of infertility has risen by 200%.
Influenced by the tubular factor - adhesions and other disorders - gives 20-30% of infertility, unclear reasons - 10-15%.
The woman has already managed to get pregnant, they cannot stand -5-25% for various reasons.
Only from wealthy families 5-8 million women stand in line for in vitro fertilization. IVF costs 30-50 thousand hryvnias and the efficiency is 30-50%.
The share of infertile couples in the CIS is 17.5%, and in a number of regions of the country it reaches 20-25% (with a danger threshold of 15%).
A pronounced increase in mortality among young people has a strong influence on the relationship between the sexes and the reproductive process. A close inverse relationship was found between mortality in men aged 15-49 years and fertility.
Marital behavior has worsened. The number of divorces per 100 marriages has grown 1.5-2 times compared to 1990.
It has been proven that the feeling of aggression, fear, anxiety, lack of freedom, etc. inhibits fertility.
In this respect, the moral and emotional atmosphere of Europe, the USA and the USSR at the beginning of the twentieth century has changed significantly compared to the previous century. Characteristic features became an increase in anger, cruelty, fear, depression, loss of control over the situation.
Role relationships in the family that have developed over the centuries are being violated. On the one hand, the feminist movement seeks to make people sexless by freeing women from all types of inequality, including gender.
On the other hand, men lose their ability to fulfill the male functions of earners and breadwinners. Economic conditions also contribute to this.
It became unprofitable to start a family, even without children. Compared to those living alone, the food consumption of the members of the forming family is immediately reduced by 15-25%. In the presence of one to three children, nutrition is deteriorated by 40-70%.
As a result, not only childbearing is disrupted, but also sexual health.
In the United States of the early 1990s, among women 18-59 years old
- had a low libido 32%,
- did not experience orgasm 26%,
- Disgusted with sex, 23%.
Among men of this age
- premature ejaculation was noted in 31%,
-weak potency at 10%,
-low libido in 15%,
- dislike of sex in 11%.
According to American doctors, the main causes of these disorders were depression and stress.
According to the UN, the average life expectancy for men in Russia is 59 years, which puts Russia in 166th place in the world - right above the Gambia.
Women live on average 73 years, significantly worse in 126 other countries. And the difference between the average life expectancy of men and women in Russia - 14 years - is the largest in the entire developed world.
At the same time, having children prolongs people's lives.
Demographers from the universities of London and Oslo analyzed the biographies of 1.5 million Norwegians between the ages of 45 and 68.
The risk of death of a mother of two children is 50% less than that of a childless woman of the same age group (45 to 68 years).
The risk of dying fathers is 35% lower than that of childless men.
The fact that mothers live longer than childless women has, on the one hand, physiological reasons; on the other hand, men and women are influenced by social factors... Parents are less likely to take risks than people without children, in addition, in old age they receive support from their children, experts explained.
For all that, there may be an inverse relationship: it is possible that people who are initially less healthy are less likely to have children.

2.Preparation for conception.
(periconceptional prophylaxis)
Conceiving a healthy child requires preparing the organisms of both parents. Now they have even begun to conduct special courses with parents.
A woman carries in herself from birth all the eggs and the damaging factors act on them continuously from the woman's birth.
In men, a new generation of spermatozoa matures on average in 72 days, but they can also be negatively influenced - no need to take an X-ray, large doses of alcohol up to 3 months before conception will affect the quality of sperm.
Therefore, we see that the main responsibility for the health of future children falls on the fragile shoulders of a woman. She should take care of her health from childhood.
It is necessary to take into account: age, are there any diseases, nutrition, bad habits.
Now more and more married couples have problems due to their poor physical health - smoking, alcohol, chronic diseases, infections (ureaplasmosis, chlamydia - from it the fallopian tubes of a woman can be destroyed, the system of the seminal ducts in a man can become inflamed and scarred).
Therefore, they have to make a lot of work and resources to restore health and get pregnant.
NSP Health Products
will help restore the health of both spouses, get pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.
Then she will give this child the opportunity to realize his genetic potential to the maximum, grow up healthy, intelligent and normal, do the best at school, not get sick under any epidemics and grow up as a full-fledged man or woman.
a) Telegony. Informational memory about extramarital affairs.
Currently, many families are raising not quite their children. There is strong evidence for this.
The word Telegonia comes from the name of the mythical son of Odysseus - Telegon. The word comes from the Greek “born away from his father.” They try to speak as little as possible about the phenomenon of telegonia.
For 200 years, biologists and practitioners-breeders of purebred domestic animals have known a phenomenon called telegonia. The beginning was laid by the experiments of Charles Darwin's friend Lord Morton.
He tried to breed from his purebred English mare and zebra stallion. The offspring did not work due to the incompatibility of their eggs and sperm.
After a while, from a stallion of the English breed, the mare brought a foal, which had stripes like a zebra on the rump.
This foal actually has two fathers: the first is a zebra stallion, which has transmitted an information phantom of its genes at the level of the biofield of an English mare, and the second is a purebred English stallion.
According to the effect of telegony, the offspring of a female is influenced by all previous males in copulation, regardless of whether there were children from these marriages or not.
As a result of numerous studies carried out around the world, it has been established that the effect of telegony extends to humans.
The laws of RITA, wave genetics, the appearance of the first male, telegony are the names of this phenomenon.
Are inherited outward signs the first man, his positive and negative properties, including diseases, venereal, mental, blood diseases for many years, and possibly forever. A woman subconsciously stores information about her first man in her memory.
At the Institute of Physical and Technical Problems, academician Pyotr Gariaev discovered that the DNA chromosome carried by sperm is a laser that works like a holographic camera. DNA is responsible for genetics. This is a quantum biocomputer.
Wave genetics has established that genetic information from each sexual partner is recorded in the woman's genome.
Therefore, all children born to women of easy virtue have hereditary pathologies. In ancient times, they were well aware of this and cherished the honor of their daughters from a young age.
Our Slavic ancestors knew that the first man leaves the woman with images of spirit and blood - a mental and physical portrait of the children she will give birth to. They knew that virginity does not guarantee the image of spirit and blood, that if a woman during intimacy with one man thinks about another, then a child will be born, similar to the one she thought of. After all, thought is material.
When the matchmakers came, the first question was:
"Is your girl clean?" I meant whether she kept her genetic basis in purity, virginity, whether there was someone else's spirit and blood in her. Chastity is a conscious concern for future offspring.
We must follow the example of the United States and begin to restore respect for virginity.
And today, premarital relationships are in the order of things. And you can't blame a woman if she doesn't marry a virgin. Our society, the promotion of safe sex, ideological warfare, the sex industry made it that way.
No condom can save you from “the first male phenomenon”, telegony - after all, electromagnetic radiation, a wave field, also spreads through a condom.
The exchange of energy and information takes place during sex in the process of interaction of biofields.

Petr Gariaev is an academician, it seems like you need to trust.
There are many opponents of telegony, who very convincingly prove its inconsistency, and call it not only untenable, but also harmful false teaching.
However, it should not be inferred from this that the consequences of fornication do not exist. The most terrible of them is the falling away from God, from the grace-filled life in Him: fornicators will not inherit the Kingdom of God (cf. 1 Cor. 6: 9).
V Sermon on the Mount Christ deepened the Old Testament understanding of adultery, expressing the essence of the New Testament law: “You have heard what the ancients said:“ You shall not commit adultery, ”and I tell you that everyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart” (Matt. , 5.27-28). That is, the sin of adultery is even a longed-for look at a woman. Therefore, chastity, moral purity, integrity of relations are commanded to us.
Perceiving the relationship between a man and a woman in the narrow context of satisfying the desires of the flesh, the fornicator, without noticing it, sinks to the animal level, his whole system of perception of the world and himself is distorted. In addition, there is a risk of losing and physical health.
The concept of "chastity" is much deeper than just abstinence: it implies a holistic perception of reality, an adequate assessment of everything that happens - as opposed to the existence of one's own sinful desires in virtual reality. It is in the free will of each of us to choose this or that way of life, but we must not forget about responsibility for our choice.

In this regard, I myself think that it is necessary to observe morality for both men and women. And, of course, it is better to marry a woman who has kept her virginity before marriage, somehow calmer, so that bad thoughts do not enter my head later.
At the same time, there are a lot of cases when they were going to live, but then everything went wrong. Divorced.
Can't a woman be left alone now for the rest of her life?
You have to go to church, repent of your sins and continue to live, get married again.

About condoms:
1. Use of condoms can pose serious health risks.
This is the conclusion reached by specialists from an Israeli clinic, who investigated the causes of bacterial sepsis in patients undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate gland.
The ingress of microorganisms on the surface of "rubber products No. 2" occurs even at the production stage, which makes it impossible to identify dangerous goods before they go on sale. Of the 106 totally sterile-opened condoms used to isolate the ultrasound probe for rectal examinations, 86 of the 106 condoms were exposed to microbes on their surfaces.
2. Condoms are made from latex. It has small micropores, only 50 microns in diameter.
And the virus is 1/10 micron in size. The sperm is 3 microns in diameter and 15 microns long. It will creep through freely.
In the United States, they already write directly that a condom does not protect you.
None of the methods of contraception protects 100% from sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.
And people think safe sex is possible.
psychological barriers. The age of the beginning of sex is already 13 years old, it's a shame
therefore a virgin.
Americans have determined that women are infertile due to their mothers having abortions before they are born.
67% of women whose mothers disposed of children before their birth cannot have offspring. Usually the diagnosis is "baby uterus" and treatment is useless.
It has been suggested that the order not to have children is laid down at the genetic level. Abortion increases the risk of diseases in the offspring that interfere with conception and the normal development of the fetus.
For the first time in the world, abortion was officially allowed in the CCCP. In Europe only 40 years ago. And once the death penalty was relied on for abortion, because. this is the murder of a child.
20 thousand abortions are performed every day in Russia. 60 million in the world.
b) How chronic diseases affect the possibility of conception and pregnancy.
Diabetes mellitus - it will be more difficult to get pregnant. In addition, diabetes can seriously affect the course of pregnancy. It can cause miscarriage or stillbirth. Children can be born with birth defects.
Most complications appear during the first trimester, the first 13 weeks of pregnancy, and blood sugar should be monitored continuously.
Asthma - 50% of women during pregnancy do not notice any changes, about 25% even feel some improvement, and 25% have a worsening of their condition. Contact with allergens should be avoided.
Hypertension - may not cope with the work of the kidney, possible hypertensive crisis, headache. The increase in pressure reduces blood flow to the placenta. Development of the fetus suffers and the baby will be less than normal at birth.
Heart disease. The workload on the heart during pregnancy increases by 1.5 times, which is a serious test for the cardiovascular system, and a medical opinion is required about the possibility of pregnancy before conception.
Diseases of the kidneys and bladder. Urinary tract and bladder infections can spread to the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis, which can lead to premature birth.
Kidney stones can cause severe pain or cause urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis.
Diseases of the thyroid gland can occur due to both excess and lack of thyroid hormone.
Lack of thyroid hormone - hypothyroidism - is infertility or miscarriage.
An excess of the hormone is called thyrotoxicosis. This is the risk of premature birth and low birth weight.
Anemia - there is not enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells. It is necessary to take vitamins and preparations containing a full set of trace elements necessary for the body.
Migraine usually gets better during pregnancy.

3. How conception occurs.
The fertile period are those days of the monthly cycle during which, as a result of sexual intercourse, it is possible to conceive a child.
The probability of pregnancy in a healthy couple with regular sex life and without contraception in the first month is only 25%.
Within the first 6 months, the chances are already 66%,
within 9 months - 80%,
about 85% within 12 months,
96% after 18 months.
The fertilization process can be divided into several stages.
For fertilization of an egg, a woman's body must undergo complex changes.
a) Vagina and uterus.
The vagina, also called the vagina, is an elastic, hollow muscular organ in the form of a tube about 10 cm long that connects the internal genital organs - the uterus, ovaries and oviducts - with the external ones.
The uterus is a pear-shaped organ about the size of egg, which is located in the pelvic cavity. Above is the larger body of the uterus, to which the oviducts (fallopian tubes) join, and below the cervix extends into the vagina.
The cervical mucus secreted by the glands of the cervix must be conducive to maintaining the viability of the sperm.
The reproductive tract must ensure the unhindered movement of sperm through the tubes to the egg and the fertilized egg to the uterus.
The uterine cavity must be anatomically normal and its mucous membrane must be ready for implantation and to ensure the development of the embryo.
A very important point when examining women suffering from infertility, miscarriages is a biochemical analysis of the contents of the uterine cavity.
This is important because two extremely important factors depend on the quality of this content. important points:
1. Attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine cavity.
2.Changes in the sperm cell (the phenomenon of capacitation) during the passage of the uterine cavity.
If at least one of these processes is disturbed, then you can be treated all your life without result. One of the main reasons for failure in in vitro fertilization lies precisely in this.
The cervix closes the uterine cavity from below, preventing pathogenic microbes from entering it using a kind of "plug"
from mucous secretions. It opens only during menstruation, when blood from the uterine cavity through the cervix is ​​released into the vagina, and during possible conception.
During pregnancy, the cervix is ​​firmly "blocked".
If this function is impaired, miscarriages or premature births occur. During childbirth, the cervix should be open as wide as possible to allow the baby to exit.
Every month, the uterus prepares to receive a mature egg. The mucous membrane lined with the walls of the uterus becomes loose. This is done by the hormones of the corpus luteum, which are formed in the ovaries.
If the egg is not fertilized, then the mucous membrane that is now unnecessary is rejected, and bleeding begins - menstruation. Then a new mucous membrane forms.
b) Ovulation
When a woman reaches puberty, eggs begin to mature in her ovaries, and up to 500 of them are formed during her life. The ovaries are about the size of a pigeon's egg to the right and left a few centimeters from the uterus. Eggs ripen in them and the female sex hormone is formed, which regulates the reproduction process.
The ovum (another name for the follicle) is contained in a membrane filled with liquid and grows to the size of a cherry.
The time span from the first day of menstruation to last day before the next period is called the menstrual cycle. For each monthly cycle, an egg begins to mature in the ovaries, ready for fertilization. Menstruation shows that the egg is ripe.
When ripe, it separates from the ovary and remains viable for 8 to 24 hours.
This process is called ovulation. Without ovulation, there will be no pregnancy. With hormonal disorders, ovulation may not occur.
The normal cycle is approximately four weeks, with ovulation occurring between the 14th and 15th day. The egg is ready for fertilization and is moving towards the uterus. If fertilization does not occur, then it is carried out from the uterus during monthly bleeding.
There are already devices, for example, the ClearPlan Easy Fertility Monitor, which, by the content of hormones in the urine analysis, are able to more accurately determine the moment of ovulation.
c) Fertilization.

Spermatozoa are formed from germ cells or spermatogonia. Sperm cells that mature and are ready for fertilization are stored in the male gonads - two testicles in the scrotum. For the development of sperm, a lower temperature is required than for the whole body. The more intercourse and ejaculation, the better the main factor for conception - sperm motility, fertility, as Nikolai Fomenko says.
The sperm pathway.
During sexual intercourse, sperm first enter the vagina, and then into the uterus and fallopian tubes, where they meet with the ovum. The semen fluid lowers the acidity of the vaginal environment, as a result of which sperm can be stored for up to two days, waiting for the oocyte to mature. The sperm cell retains its fertilizing capacity for two days.
For fertilization, they must travel a huge distance - after all, the fallopian tubes or oviducts are formations in the form of tubes 8-10 cm long and half a centimeter thick that connect the uterus and ovaries, where fertilization takes place. The genital tract must ensure the unhindered movement of sperm through the tubes to the egg and the fertilized egg into the uterus.
Shortly before ovulation and during it for three to four days, the mucous secretion of the cervix becomes permeable to sperm.
Cervical mucus is a very favorable environment for the maintenance of sperm life, in contrast to the acidic environment of the vagina. It acts as a filter - it allows only normal and motile spermatozoa to pass through and forms something similar to a woven mesh lane. This pathway is used by the motile sperm as an escalator to enter the uterus and then into the tubes.
Ovum path.
The ovum moves into the uterus with special cilia in the tube cavity. The unfertilized one dies and collapses, and the fertilized egg attaches to the uterus and an embryo is formed during its division.
Fertilization sites - the fallopian tubes reach only a few hundred sperm. Here they must meet the female cage.
Having overcome the two zones surrounding the egg, the sperm with its head is introduced into it, thus fertilization occurs. As soon as this has happened, the egg, using a chemical reaction, changes the structure of the last zone so that no other sperm can pass through it.
When fertilization occurs, an egg is formed, in which the membranes of the sperm and the egg are fused, and the two groups of chromosomes are connected in pairs. As a result, a complete single cell is formed. This cell is called a zygote and represents the beginning of a new life. It contains all the genetic information necessary for the further development of a human being. The first cell division takes place - 2 cells, then after about 10 hours the second - 4 cells and the division process takes place. This is already called the Embryo.
An embryo develops from the egg and moves along the tube into the uterus. The cilia of the tube roll the embryo like a ball.
On the 4th day, the embryo reaches the uterine cavity and already consists of 64 cell divisions.
On the 5-6th day, the embryo is released from the surrounding membrane.
On the 7-9th day, implantation begins in the mucous membrane of the endometrium of the uterus. The implantation period lasts up to 12 days. Sometimes there may be a little bleeding.
Researchers from the University of California at San Francisco, led by Dr. Susan Fisher, found that before implantation, the developing embryo interacts with the inner surface of the uterus several times and only after that can anchor on it, which will ensure the formation of a full-fledged placenta and the normal course of pregnancy.
As explained by Dr. Fisher, accurate timing is important in this process. On the surface of the embryo there are proteins called selectins that can interact with carbohydrates that appear on the inner surface of the uterus after ovulation. The protein L-selectin on the surface of the embryo combines with carbohydrates and is released again, gradually slowing down its movement.
It eventually stops and can be implanted into the wall of the uterus to draw power from the mother's blood vessels. This process can be figuratively compared to the landing of an airplane, which, before stopping, can touch and again break away from the runway several times.
According to experts, violations of this process can soon be diagnosed and then corrected.
Now the uterus performs its main task - it provides the embryo with nutrition and serves as a protective shell. During pregnancy, menstruation stops until the baby is born.
When ovulation has occurred, and the concentration of the progest